- IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence. (lookformedical.com)
- In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that participates in the cellular antiviral response. (thermofisher.com)
- The 15.2 kb genome is non-segmented, single stranded and encodes 11 proteins in 10 genes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Upon treatment with human IFN-α, the IFNAR-KO cells showed a constant expression of ISGs, including 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), and IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1), when compared with the wild-type HEK 293 (WT) cells, wherein the ISGs were significantly upregulated. (bvsalud.org)
- In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
- Additionally, FMD vaccine containing O PA2 and A YC antigens and zinc sulfate induced early, mid-, and long-term immune responses in mice and pigs, and enhanced cellular and humoral immunity by regulating the expression of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines in porcine PBMCs from vaccinated pigs. (bvsalud.org)
- STAT1 is activated to regulate gene expression in response to extracellular signaling polypeptides including cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
- Overall, these results indicated that the novel immunostimulant zinc sulfate induced potent cellular and humoral immune responses by stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T and B cells, and enhanced long-term immunity by promoting the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. (bvsalud.org)
- To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of viral and cellular genes in brain-infiltrating immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- This phenomenon induces an antiviral state and promotes apoptosis in cells, thereby impeding protein or viral vector production. (bvsalud.org)
- STAT1 is known to regulate several genes which are involved in cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. (thermofisher.com)
- Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS . (lookformedical.com)
- They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse protein as determined by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis. (wikipedia.org)
- An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES for INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA . (lookformedical.com)
- PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
- In addition, the erythrocytes generated an antiviral immune gene activation after PRV infection, with significant up-regulation of IFN-α, RIG-I, Mx and PKR transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
- The ex vivo infection model closely reflects the situation in vivo and can be used to study the infection and replication mechanisms of PRV, as well as the antiviral immune responses of salmonid erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our study aimed to assess the overall immunological consequences of ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV. (karger.com)
- Ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV elicited upregulated expression of RIG-I, MDA-5, tetherin, IFITM3, and MxA . (karger.com)
- Enhanced PCR-based methods were used to investigate expression of 75 immune-related genes and 6 EBV genes associated with latent and lytic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- EBV genes were detected in brain samples from 9 of 11 MS patients with expression patterns suggestive of in situ activation of latent infection and, less frequently, entry into the lytic cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
- Comparison of data obtained in meningeal and white matter infiltrates revealed higher expression of genes related to interferonγ production, B cell differentiation, cell proliferation, lipid antigen presentation, and T cell and myeloid cell recruitment, as well as more widespread EBV infection in the meningeal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
- Gene expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion were assessed by real-time PCR and multiplex assay, respectively. (karger.com)
- Genes related to T cell activation, cytotoxic cell-mediated (or type 1) immunity, B cell growth and differentiation, pathogen recognition, myeloid cell function, type I interferon pathway activation, and leukocyte recruitment were found expressed at different levels in most or all MS brain immune infiltrates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Multivariate analysis grouped genes expressed in meningeal and white matter immune infiltrates into artificial factors that were characterized primarily by genes involved in type 1 immunity effector mechanisms and type I interferon pathway activation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conclusion Vitamin D enhances IFN-β induction of multiple proteins and also reverses the Th1/Th2 bias in MS seen with IFN-β alone. (neurology.org)
- Host proteases have been shown to play important roles in many viral activities such as entry, uncoating, viral protein production and disease induction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Because the phenotypic expression of the I148M PNPLA3 polymorphism has been reported to be dependent on the presence of acquired cofactors triggering steatosis, including Fluorouracil mouse obesity and alcohol, we next evaluated whether the association of the 148M allele and severe steatosis was dependent on the presence of severe overweight (BMI, ≥27.5 kg/m2) and a positive history of alcohol intake. (inhibitorkits.com)
- The STAT1 gene is located on chromosome 2. (thermofisher.com)
- There is a related gene located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 21, and there are multiple pseudogenes located in a cluster on chromosome 4. (thermofisher.com)
- After phosphorylation by JAK tyrosine kinases, STAT1 enters the nucleus to regulate transcription of many different genes. (thermofisher.com)
- In the last years higher attention focused on the role of immunoregulation both in the insulin production by β-cell of Langerhans-islets and in the insulin sensitivity (resistance) of insulin receptors. (biobran.org)
- The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. (thermofisher.com)
- A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression . (lookformedical.com)
- Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. (lookformedical.com)
- In this study, we generated an IFNAR subtype 1 knockout (KO) HEK 293 suspension (IFNAR-KO) cell line by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) technology. (bvsalud.org)
- Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells are widely used in protein and viral vector production owing to their high transfection efficiency, rapid growth, and suspension growth capability. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study we developed an ex vivo cultivation system for PRV in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study demonstrates that PRV replicates in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
- It functions as a transcriptional activator for the INTERFERON TYPE I genes. (lookformedical.com)
- However, the binding of type I IFNs to the IFN-α and-ß receptor (IFNAR) stimulates the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). (bvsalud.org)
- Here, Biobran's anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was assessed using MTT and plaque reduction assays, RT-PCR, ELISA techniques, and measurements of SARS-CoV-2-related gene expression and protein levels. (biobran.org)
- It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
- Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. (lookformedical.com)
- These two important mechanisms of approaching cancer, principally through the clinical application of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and other apoptotic players that for the past 15 years have been included in my cancer strategy as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up treatment. (biobran.org)