Vitro distal intestinal mucosa. Medical search. Frequent questions

In Vitro fermentation of oat and barley derived β-glucans by human faecal microbiota. (megazyme.com)
Physiological colonization resistance could be overcome upon virtual eradication of the intestinal microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. (nature.com)
The study demonstrated the probiotic effects of B. clausii on gut microbiota health following PPI-induced dysbiosis using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem ® (SHIME) model. (efsm.online)
The aim was to replicate the different regions of a specific donor's gastrointestinal tract (i.e., ileum, proximal and distal colon) and their corresponding microbiota [7]. (efsm.online)
Here, we show that a distinct subpopulation of the normal mucosal-associated gut microbiota expands and preferentially colonizes sites of damaged murine mucosa in response to local environmental cues. (emory.edu)
Furthermore, the dominant member of this wound-mucosa-associated microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila (an anaerobic, mucinophilic gut symbiont7,8), stimulated proliferation and migration of enterocytes adjacent to the colonic wounds in a process involving FPR1 and intestinal epithelial-cell-specific NOX1-dependent redox signalling. (emory.edu)
It generally occurs because of an alteration of the intestinal microbiota due to antibiotic exposure that must be timely identified and diagnosed to start proper and early management. (healthmanagement.org)
The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well documented. (healthmanagement.org)
Thus, it can modulate the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota, which might potentially enhance the health of the host organism[ 5 , 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
This reproducible immune reaction results from an impaired induction of oral tolerance, i.e., a suppressive immune process at local and systemic levels that physiologically allows harmless dietary proteins to be tolerated by the immune system, thus avoiding chronic intestinal inflammation due to their regular consumption. (frontiersin.org)
17 These results are consistent with two possibilities: either MAP infection could cause Crohn's disease in a subset of patients that are either selectively exposed to this organism or who are genetically susceptible to infection or, alternatively, this relatively common dietary organism may selectively colonise (or a dead organism selectively lodge in) the ulcerated mucosa of Crohn's disease patients but not initiate or perpetuate intestinal inflammation. (bmj.com)
It is widely accepted that chronic GERD leads to inflammation and ulceration of the esophageal squamous mucosa and that persistent and recurrent inflammation and ulceration may lead to columnar metaplasia and, ultimately, intestinal metaplasia. (jcancer.org)
As PMN invade the site of active inflammation, the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier is lost, and adsorption of fluids and nutrients is impaired, resulting in clinical manifestations of shigellosis (e.g. diarrhea ). (wikidoc.org)
Macrophage apoptosis results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1-beta and IL-18), which signal intestinal inflammation and consequent activation of the innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
In ulcerative colitis the inflammation is limited to the mucosa and submucosa, but in Crohn's disease there is a deep penetration of the intestinal wall (fistula) that may extend to the peritoneum causing abscess, scarring, peritonitis and possibly volvulus, obstruction and gangrenous bowel, which necessitate surgical resection. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal inflammation triggered by various cytokine-mediated pathways. (mdpi.com)
Intestinal inflammation is partly driven by enteroglial-derived S100B protein. (biomedcentral.com)
We aimed to investigate the effect of pentamidine on intestinal inflammation using an animal model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular targeting of S100B protein during intestinal inflammation might therefore represent an innovative approach to treat UC. (biomedcentral.com)

Shigella can downregulate the expression of antibacterial proteins released by the host (human) intestinal mucosa . (wikidoc.org)
Several Campylobacter species utilize humans as their natural host and accumulated evidence supports their role in chronic inflammatory diseases of the human intestinal tract. (frontiersin.org)
Herein, we demonstrate that butyrate and other short chain fatty acids supplemented to model human intestinal epithelia in vitro and human tissue ex vivo results in loss of neddylated Cul-1 and show that physiological concentrations of butyrate modulate the ubiquitination and degradation of a target of the E3-SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase, the NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α. (emory.edu)
Macrophage-induced bystander effects have been implicated as an important mediator of chromosomal instability and colon cancer triggered by Enterococcus faecalis , a human intestinal commensal bacteria. (aacrjournals.org)
Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)

The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
The intestinal tract is the largest independent immune system in the body. (frontiersin.org)
They are conventionally considered to originate from the serotonin-secreting enterochromaffin cells (ECs) of the intestine (also known as Kulchistky cells), but technically, intestinal carcinoid tumors include any collection of well-differentiated neuroendocrine cells within the digestive tract that are capable of secreting bioactive hormones and/or amines. (medscape.com)
Endometriosis is a common benign disease among women of reproductive age and affects the intestinal tract in 15%-37% of all patients with pelvic endometriosis [3]. (blogspot.com)
Following peroral reassociation both C . jejuni and L . johnsonii were able to stably colonize the murine intestinal tract. (nature.com)
T and B lymphocytes, regulatory T cells), but not innate (i.e. macrophages and monocytes) immune cell responses in the intestinal tract. (nature.com)
C. concisus primarily colonizes the human oral cavity and some strains can be translocated to the intestinal tract. (frontiersin.org)
They distribute in soil, intestinal tract of animals, water and other biotopes. (biomedcentral.com)
Intestinal anastomosis is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures, especially in the emergency setting, and is also commonly performed in the elective setting when resections are carried out for benign or malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. (medscape.com)
The authors also observed "disruption of mucosal folds and disarray of microvilli structure" in the intestinal wall, along with an exaggerated secretion of mucin throughout the alimentary tract. (texasorganicresearchcenter.org)
We conclude from our study that the CNS can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopha- ryngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the olfactory nerve. (cdc.gov)

The establishment of oral tolerance is dependent on the controlled uptake of food proteins through the intestinal epithelial barrier and its delivery to local dendritic cells (DC) that matured in the intestinal pro-tolerogenic environment. (frontiersin.org)
PMN destroy the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and allow more Shigella organisms to directly and more easily invade the intestinal epithelium. (wikidoc.org)
In addition, IL-33 treatment impaired epithelial barrier permeability in vitro and in vivo, whereas absence of ST2 enhanced wound healing response upon acute mechanical injury in the colon. (bmj.com)

We previously reported that interaction of viable commensal bacteria with mammalian intestinal epithelial cells resulted in a rapid and reversible generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulated neddylation of Cullin-1 and resulted in suppressive effects on the NF-κB pathway. (emory.edu)
Clostridium species, as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut, exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

This study provides novel data regarding the prevalence of MAP in various phenotypes of Crohn's disease by showing slightly higher detection of IS 900 DNA in colonic (66.7%) compared with distal ileal (40.5%) tissues and decreased detection rates with corticosteroid use. (bmj.com)
Ileal region was inoculated with the ileal consortium, proximal and distal colon regions with the donor-derived fecal consortium, and mucin beads were added to replicate the mucosal environment in ileal and colonic environments. (efsm.online)
TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
The trefoil peptide intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) plays a critical role in the protection of colonic mucosa and is essential to restitution after epithelial damage. (embl.de)

A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The intestinal mucosa is the first line of defense for organisms against intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, secondary abiotic mice are well-suited to unravel the triangle relationship between intestinal pathogens, commensals and the host immune system in vivo 14 . (nature.com)
As C. jejuni and C. coli are the main Campylobacter pathogens which cause human acute intestinal disease and they originate from animal sources, Campylobacteriosis has historically been considered to be zoonotic. (frontiersin.org)

In conclusion, immunomodulatory probiotic species might offer valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of C . jejuni induced intestinal, extra-intestinal as well as systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses in vivo . (nature.com)
This is supported by numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. (naturalherbals.net)
Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, have shown that squalamine, a zwitterionic amphipathic aminosterol, originally isolated from the liver of the dogfish shark, effectively displaces membrane-bound α-syn. (edu.au)
Methods: GI motility and in vivo response to oral squalamine in PD model mice and controls were assessed using an in vitro tissue motility protocol and via fecal pellet output. (edu.au)

The inner mucosal layer consists of squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue, within which lies a longitudinally oriented muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa. (nature.com)
There are two different ways of tumorigenesis: the intestinal type route originates from intestinal metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus) (Siewert type I), and the non-intestinal type route originates from cardia mucosal tissue (Siewert type II / III). (cancerfax.com)

In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

Tumor histology, gastric mucosa histology and gastroesophageal reflux history are the three main factors that determine the origin of GEJ adenocarcinoma from the esophagus or stomach. (cancerfax.com)
1997). Reported GI symptoms, such as nausea, may not be accompanied by visible damage to the gastric mucosa. (nationalacademies.org)

Both clinical and experimental studies have shown that bile acids are noxious to the esophageal mucosa. (jcancer.org)

Initially, Shigella uses M cells from the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelium as entry port. (wikidoc.org)
Invasion of the intestinal epithelium continues from the basolateral side, and the bacteria further spreads to adjacent epithelial cells and avoids extracellular exposure by using intercellular actin polymerization processes (rocket propulsion). (wikidoc.org)
The sIgA as an antibody can catch toxins and infectious agents and inhibit the interaction with the respiratory and intestinal epithelium. (teknoscienze.com)

Persistent infection with H. pylori induces atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and subsequently leads to gastric malignancies including gastric carcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). (spandidos-publications.com)

Various environmental factors during perinatal life may alter the establishment of intestinal homeostasis, thereby predisposing individuals to the development of such immune-related diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The resulting dysregulated intestinal homeostasis in the infant may significantly impede the induction of oral tolerance, a crucial process of immune unresponsiveness to food antigens. (frontiersin.org)
They are well-known as the indispensable regulators of intestinal homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Their cellular components and metabolites, like butyrate, secondary bile acids and indolepropionic acid, play a probiotic role primarily through energizing intestinal epithelial cells, strengthening intestinal barrier and interacting with immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
So this review summarized the reports about both the benefits and underlying risks from Clostridium species on intestinal immune regulation and disease prevention to elucidate the potentials and challenges of their novel roles as probiotic. (biomedcentral.com)

Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
Strikingly, C . jejuni induced intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (such as IL-6, MCP-1, TNF and nitric oxide) could be alleviated by peroral L . johnsonii challenge. (nature.com)
In distal ducts where the luminal HCO 3 - concentration is already high, most of the HCO 3 - secretion is mediated by HCO 3 - conductance of CFTR. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)

Restitution of injured mucosa involves the recruitment of immune cells, epithelial migration and proliferation4,5. (emory.edu)

Due to their immunotoxical and biocidal properties, such exposure may disrupt the host-intestinal microbiota's beneficial exchanges and may interfere with intestinal barrier and gut-associated immune system development in fetuses then the neonates. (frontiersin.org)

Coordinated localisation of trefoil peptides and mucins in UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia suggests they may assist each others' functions in protection and repair of gastrointestinal mucosa. (embl.de)

RSV infection usually occurs after viral inoculation of the conjunctivae or nasal mucosa by contaminated hands. (cdc.gov)

Evidence confirming their effectiveness in celiac disease first came from in vitro studies involving samples of intestinal mucosa in tissue culture. (springer.com)
8 ] examined intestinal enzyme activity in patients with celiac disease following in vitro exposure to gluten. (springer.com)

2023) set up an in vitro Triple-M-SHIME model for 9 weeks using fecal samples from a donor with high levels of butyrate-producing species ( Fig. 1 ). (efsm.online)
Adequate exposure and access, gentle handling of the bowel, adequate hemostasis, approximation of well-vascularized bowel, absence of tension at anastomosis, good surgical technique, and avoidance of fecal contamination are tenets of good intestinal anastomosis. (medscape.com)

B. clausii was able to maintain the bacteria count of inherent bacteria such as Gemmiger formicilis and Akkermansia muciniphila of the distal colon in both, curative and preventive arms, and Prevotella denticola of the proximal colon in the preventive arm, which would have been otherwise reduced by the PPI. (efsm.online)

Intestinal carcinoid tumors are gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs). (medscape.com)
The gastrointestinal hormone, insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), is found in large intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EEC). (edu.au)
Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa. (embl.de)

A small proportion of cells with Rxfp4-dependent labelling was 5-HT-negative, 11-15% in the distal colon and rectum, and 35% in the proximal colon. (edu.au)

Metabolic activity and microbial composition in ileum, proximal and distal colon after omeprazole and Enterogermina ® treatment. (efsm.online)
For patients with Siewert I, II, and III type GEJ adenocarcinoma who underwent R0 resection and at least 15 lymph nodes, the margin from the proximal esophagus is greater than 3.8 cm (refers to the measurement length in vitro, the margin in the body should be greater than 5 cm) and good The prognosis is related. (cancerfax.com)
RESULTS: MUC5AC and TFF1 were colocalised in distal ductular and surface elements of the UACL and in foveolar cells of the stomach, whereas MUC6 and TFF2 were colocalised to acinar and proximal ductular structures in the UACL, in the fundus and deep antral glands of the stomach, and in Brunner's glands of the duodenum. (embl.de)

In vitro experiments with Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed it can inhibit cytokine-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells [Yan and Polk 2002]. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

There are many microorganisms colonized in the human intestine, and more than 1000 bacterial species in the intestinal ecosystem of a single individual. (frontiersin.org)

and, finally, the reticuloendothelial system traps and destroys the microorganisms that cross the mucosa (Martínez-Rodríguez et al. (healthmanagement.org)

The mammalian intestine houses a complex microbial community, which influences normal epithelial growth and development, and is integral to the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa1-3. (emory.edu)
Intestinal anastomosis is a surgical procedure to establish communication between two formerly distant portions of the intestine. (medscape.com)

Lactobacillus paracasei was effective against Staphalococcus aureus injury to the intestinal mucosa of rabbits [Bendali et al 2011]. (drvitaminsolutions.com)

These are non-invasive and are effective in diffuse, distal disease. (wikipedia.org)

Intramural inhibitory nerves act by releasing nitric oxide ( NO ) and vasoactive intestinal peptide, whereas the excitatory nerves release acetylcholine and substance P. (nature.com)

They reported that while intestinal enzyme activity was reduced in the presence of gluten, the effect was overcome when corticosteroids were added to the culture medium. (springer.com)
Medium Viscosity) for use in research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. (megazyme.com)

the Campylobacter species that cause human acute intestinal disease such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originate from animals. (frontiersin.org)

Upon entering the interstitial fluid in the mucosa where the pH approaches neutrality, HF dissociates to release fluoride and hydrogen ions which can cause tissue damage. (nationalacademies.org)
It appears that an HF concentration somewhere between 1.0 and 5.0 mmol/L (20 and 100 mg/L), applied to the stomach mucosa for at least 15 minutes, is the threshold for effects on the function and structure of the tissue (Whitford et al. (nationalacademies.org)

Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. (jcancer.org)

The exudative lesion, or type II lesion, is a volcano-type epithelial ulceration with intact surrounding mucosa. (healthmanagement.org)

MUC2 and TFF3 were colocalised throughout the large and small bowel mucosa. (embl.de)

The former maintains intestinal health, while the latter plays an important role in the occurrence of inflammatory reactions. (frontiersin.org)
Pentamidine effect on inflammatory mediators was almost completely abrogated in dissected mucosa but not in LMMP. (biomedcentral.com)

The human enteric flora plays a significant role in intestinal health and disease. (emory.edu)

Anatomy54

Organisms23

Diseases41

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science1

Health Care1

Microbiota9

Inflammation12

Human intestinal5

Tract11

Epithelial barrier3

Commensal bacteria2

Colonic4

Pathogens5

Vivo4

Mucosal2

Macrophages2

Gastric mucosa2

Esophageal mucosa1

Epithelium3

Metaplasia1

Homeostasis3

Probiotic2

Secretion3

Restitution1

Immune1

Epithelia1

Infection1

Celiac disease2

Fecal2

Muciniphila1

Gastrointestinal3

Rectum1

Proximal3

Inhibit1

Ecosystem1

Microorganisms1

Intestine2

Lactobacillus1

Diffuse1

Peptide1

Enzyme2

Species1

Tissue2

Columnar1

Ulceration1

Small1

Inflammatory2

Role1