• In 1956, an epidemic occurred in the Murray Valley which was compared to "acute viral polyarthritis" caused by Chikungunya virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were 20 imported cases of chikungunya virus. (health.gov.au)
  • The exact pathophysiology of Chikungunya virus remains to be investigated. (medscape.com)
  • Chikungunya virus infection has a clinical presentation that overlaps with that of Ross River virus infection (fever, rash, polyarthritis) and dengue fever transmitted by the same mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
  • Using a murine model, Lum et al showed that anti-Chikungunya virus antibodies were elicited early in the course of the illness and were directed against the C-terminus of the viral E2 glycoprotein. (medscape.com)
  • Both natural and Chikungunya virus infection-induced specific antibodies were essential for controlling Chikungunya virus infections. (medscape.com)
  • Chikungunya virus infection elicited strong innate immunity with an abundant production of proinflammatory markers and cytokines, including high levels of alpha interferon, interleukin (IL)-4, IL10, and gamma interferon. (medscape.com)
  • [ 23 , 24 ] Bernard et al evaluated this mechanism and found that Chikungunya virus enters mammalian epithelial cells via a clathrin-independent, Esp-15-dependent, dynamin 2-dependent route and requires an endocytic pathway in combination with other unknown pathways. (medscape.com)
  • The authors speculate that Chikungunya virus is capable of undergoing genetic drifts and could acquire alternate entry mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Several murine models with Chikungunya virus-related joint and neurological diseases are being investigated. (medscape.com)
  • Other etiologies include chikungunya virus , yellow fever virus, parvovirus , enterovirus , Ross River virus, plasmodia ( malaria ), rickettsia and COVID-19 . (medscape.com)
  • 3D-printed model of chikungunya virus. (futurity.org)
  • High-res pictures of the chikungunya virus could speed efforts to design therapies to prevent or treat the arthritis that the virus causes, researchers say. (futurity.org)
  • Chikungunya virus, once confined to the Eastern Hemisphere, has infected more than 1 million people in the Americas since 2013, when mosquitoes carrying the virus showed up in the Caribbean. (futurity.org)
  • The human and mice versions of Mxra8 are 79 percent identical, and chikungunya virus interacts with both versions in the same way. (futurity.org)
  • They obtained the images using a chikungunya virus-like particle-which has shape of a virus but cannot cause infections because it carries no genetic material inside-as well as a fully infectious chikungunya virus. (futurity.org)
  • 14, 2019-Scientists are testing a new way to fight chikungunya virus that involves injecting genetic material into the bodies of infected and at-risk individuals to trigger rapid production of potent, virus-neutralizing antibodies. (vumc.org)
  • By artificially expressing Sindbis virus (SINV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP2 in mosquito cells and transgenic mosquitoes, we demonstrated a reduction in both SINV and CHIKV viral replication rates in cells following viral infection as well as reduced infection prevalence, viral titers, and transmission potential in mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)
  • albopictus cell lines, reporter-based strategies for assessing the ability of two types of small RNAs to inhibit a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) derived target. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some viruses also can cause more characteristic clinical manifestations, such as severe polyarthralgia or arthritis due to Chikungunya virus or other alphaviruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Further serological testing showed that patients who had suffered "epidemic polyarthritis" in Queensland had antibodies to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies to Ross River virus have been found in a wide variety of placental and marsupial mammals, and also in a few bird species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunization with monoclonal antibodies against VEEV E3 provided protection for mice challenged by lethal doses of VEEV and suggests potential new targets for antibody neutralization, but it is currently unclear if E3 is retained on mature VEEV virus. (purdue.edu)
  • Using non-replicating expression systems that avoid virus-culturing artifacts, we discovered that Moloney murine leukemia virus or baculovirus pseudotyped with the alphavirus envelope spike complex of VEEV demonstrates a pH-dependent retention of E3 on mature virus for both mammalian cells and insect cells through indirect-immunofluorescence assays and neutralization studies using polyclonal antibodies against VEEV E3. (purdue.edu)
  • 14, 2020-Vanderbilt Vaccine Center team isolates monoclonal antibodies against Ross River virus, which causes rash, fever and debilitating muscle and joint pain lasting three to six months. (vumc.org)
  • Although low levels of neutralizing antibodies have been detected in kangaroos, wallabies, possums, horses, cats and dogs after experimental infection, the detected viraemia is considered too low for an insect vector to acquire the virus. (who.int)
  • Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Virus-specific IgM antibodies in CSF or serum but with no other testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Ross River fever (RRF), also known as epidemic polyarthritis, is an illness caused by infection with the Ross River virus, which is related to another mosquito-borne virus, Barmah Forest virus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Ross River virus infection cannot be spread from human to human. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Ross River virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • There were 18 notifications of dengue virus infection acquired in Australia and 1,390 cases that were acquired overseas, while for 38 cases, the place of acquisition was unknown. (health.gov.au)
  • Signs and symptoms of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection are nonspecific and mimic other infections. (medscape.com)
  • Among them, dengue virus infection is the most serious and may be life-threatening. (medscape.com)
  • Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (medscape.com)
  • Oct. 15, 2020-It might be possible to use vesicles carrying the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, to bind the virus and prevent infection. (vumc.org)
  • Multiple viruses, including pathogenic viruses, bacteriophages, and even plant viruses, cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby a currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or a closely related virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection of the vertebrate host with these viruses is enhanced by mosquito saliva, a complex mixture of salivary-gland-derived factors and microbiota. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, the Aedes gene product sialokinin mediated the enhancement of virus infection through a rapid reduction in endothelial barrier integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting sialokinin have the potential to limit disease severity following infection with Aedes-mosquito-borne viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antiviral drugs may interfere with the reproduction of viruses or strengthen the immune response to the viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and is treated with antiretroviral medications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The alphaviruses are a group of small enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • RRV belongs to a subgroup of "Old World" (Eurasian-African-Australasian) alphaviruses, and is considered closely related to Sagiyama virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alphaviruses Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus accounted for 6,036 (77%) of these. (health.gov.au)
  • Chikungunya and its cousins-Mayaro, Ross River, and O'nyong-nyong viruses-belong to a family of alphaviruses that mosquitoes spread and that cause joint pain. (futurity.org)
  • The new virus was named Ross River virus, and the disease Ross River fever. (wikipedia.org)
  • The child had a fever and a rash but no arthritis, making the link between RRV and Ross River fever less than concrete. (wikipedia.org)
  • RRV was isolated in an Australian patient suffering from Ross River fever in 1985. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "Chikungunya" often refers to both the virus (CHIKV) and the illness or fever (CHIKF) caused by this virus. (medscape.com)
  • Another case was a 20-year-old woman with a fever who had traveled to Australia, where there had been a recent outbreak of Ross River Virus. (genomeweb.com)
  • Zika virus, a cause of fever in Central Java, Indonesia. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus, yellow fever, and COVID-19). (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • report that there were around 7000 cases of Ross river fever in Australia in 2017, roughly double the total from the previous year. (scot.nhs.uk)
  • Ross River virus (RRV) is uncommon in travellers and causes symptoms that include rash, fever, joint and muscle pains. (scot.nhs.uk)
  • In July and August 1956 and 1957, a virus recovered from mosquitoes collected near Tokyo, Japan, and was dubbed Sagiyama virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ross River virus and other diseases like Barmah Forest virus and Murray Valley encephalitis are carried by mosquitoes and contracted from their bite. (expeditionaustralia.com.au)
  • 1 The virus was isolated from mosquitoes in 1974 2 and the first human cases were reported in 1986. (who.int)
  • Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes are an increasingly important global cause of disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sialokinin is unique within the insect world as having a vertebrate-like tachykinin sequence and is absent from Anopheles mosquitoes, which are incompetent for most arthropod-borne viruses, whose saliva was not proviral and did not induce similar vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes, ticks, sand flies, or midges. (cdc.gov)
  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus distributed throughout Eurasia. (health.mil)
  • Recent Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreaks in southeastern Australia have sparked interest into epidemiological factors surrounding the virus' novel emergence in this region. (mdpi.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses placed TALV as a sister species to EILV with a basal relationship to the western equine encephalitis virus complex. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The largest-ever outbreak of the virus was in 1979-1980 and occurred in the western Pacific. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. (medscape.com)
  • Genomic diversity of mpox virus in Paris area (France) during the 2022 outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • Because RRV is transmitted by mosquitos, it is considered an arbovirus, a non-taxonomic term for viruses borne by arthropod vectors. (wikipedia.org)
  • albopictus are the main vectors of mosquito-borne viruses of medical and veterinary significance. (bvsalud.org)
  • The history of Zika virus. (medscape.com)
  • Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-history-of-zika-virus . (medscape.com)
  • Gulland A. Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO. (medscape.com)
  • The 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of Zika virus. (medscape.com)
  • Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth. (medscape.com)
  • Evasion of Innate and Intrinsic Antiviral Pathways by the Zika Virus. (medscape.com)
  • Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections - an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific 2012-2014. (medscape.com)
  • Zika virus disease epidemic: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (first update). (medscape.com)
  • Available at https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/media/en/publications/Publications/rapid-risk-assessment-zika-virus-first-update-jan-2016.pdf . (medscape.com)
  • Zika Virus Associated with Microcephaly. (medscape.com)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • 11, 2019-In January scientists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and colleagues in Boston, Seattle and St. Louis were given an audacious goal to develop - in 90 days - a protective antibody-based treatment that potentially will stop the spread of the Zika virus. (vumc.org)
  • Jan. 24, 2019-Scientists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and colleagues in Boston, Seattle and St. Louis are racing to develop - in a mere 90 days - a protective antibody-based treatment that can stop the spread of the Zika virus. (vumc.org)
  • That unbiased approach enables the team to detect and reconstruct the sequences of "nearly any and all pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites," Chiu said. (genomeweb.com)
  • Barmah Forest virus (BFV) is a mosquito-borne virus causing epidemic polyarthritis in Australia. (who.int)
  • This report published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence, Volume 28, Number 2 In 2002, discusses the Ross River virus (RRV) infections in Tasmania after the largest number of RRV infections ever recorded for the state was reported. (health.gov.au)
  • In 2002, Tasmania reported the largest number of Ross River virus (RRV) infections ever recorded for the state. (health.gov.au)
  • Now that we have these new structures, we can see how to disrupt the interaction between the virus and the protein it uses to get inside cells in the joints and other musculoskeletal tissues in order to block infections," adds co-senior author Daved Fremont, a professor of pathology and immunology, of biochemistry and molecular biophysics, and of molecular microbiology. (futurity.org)
  • Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) are the mostly frequently reported notifiable communicable infectious diseases in WA. (wa.gov.au)
  • Levels of vector-borne diseases such as Ross River virus depend on environmental factors (e.g. rainfall) and public health action (e.g. spraying mosquito breeding grounds). (wa.gov.au)
  • Mayaro, Ross River, O'nyong-nyong). (cdc.gov)
  • Marklewitz M , Zirkel F , Kurth A , Drosten C , Junglen S . Evolutionary and phenotypic analysis of live virus isolates suggests arthropod origin of a pathogenic RNA virus family. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This Kinesiology Test Kit does NOT contain environmental toxins, poisons, viruses, bacteria or any other crude substance, but the homeopathic remedies made from these substances and is therefore perfect for muscle testing. (kinesiologyshop.com)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 8, 2015-Vanderbilt University researchers have joined a multi-center effort led by Pennsylvania-based Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc. to accelerate development of potential antibody therapies against the often-lethal Ebola virus. (vumc.org)
  • ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The exact mechanism of entry of the virus into mammalian cells is under investigation. (medscape.com)
  • Eight different herpesviruses infect people: Three herpesviruses- herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and varicella-zoster. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To visualize how the virus interacts with the cell-surface protein, the researchers first flash-froze the viral particles attached to the protein. (futurity.org)
  • Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In 2018, Diamond, Fremont, and colleagues identified the protein Mxra8, found on the outer surface of cells in the joints, as the molecular handle that chikungunya and related viruses grasp to gain entry into cells of mice, humans, and other species. (futurity.org)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus surge in 2022 caused by lineages already present before the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue and Zika Viruses: Epidemiological History, Potential Therapies, and Promising Vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • It takes three to nine days for symptoms of Ross River virus disease to occur after exposure, and occasionally up to 21 days. (expeditionaustralia.com.au)
  • Barmah Forest virus disease symptoms occur between seven to ten days after a bite from an infected mosquito. (expeditionaustralia.com.au)
  • Aug. 20, 2021-A monoclonal antibody cocktail against the COVID-19 virus discovered at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and developed by AstraZeneca reduced the risk of symptoms in a study of immunocompromised and chronically ill adults later exposed to the virus by 77%, the company announced today. (vumc.org)
  • A virus is a small infectious organism-much smaller than a fungus or bacterium-that must invade a living cell to reproduce (replicate). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The number of cases of Ross River (RRV) disease have fluctuated in Tasmania between 8 and 117 during the period 1995-2002. (health.gov.au)
  • Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease are similar. (expeditionaustralia.com.au)
  • Members of NAMAC have expertise in virus and disease surveillance, epidemiology, virology, vector ecology, vector control and quarantine, and represent agencies with a substantial interest in this area. (health.gov.au)
  • When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease is an arboviral disease endemic to Australia. (who.int)
  • Exogenously provided, e.g. transgene encoded, small RNAs could be used to inhibit virus replication, breaking the transmission cycle. (bvsalud.org)
  • The virions (virus particles) themselves contain their genome in a protein capsid 700 Å in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ross River virus recombinant protein is a structural polyprotein, a recombinant preparation containing virus-like particles and aggregates thereof produced in HEK293 cells and purified from culture supernatant. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Scientists are evaluating the virus-like particles in clinical trials as a potential vaccine for chikungunya. (futurity.org)
  • Hepatitis B, Chronic Chronic hepatitis B is inflammation of the liver that is caused by the hepatitis B virus and that has lasted more than 6 months. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Jan. 11, 2018-The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has signed a five-year cooperative agreement worth up to $28 million with Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) to develop methods for preventing the global spread of viruses like chikungunya and Zika. (vumc.org)
  • RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are prone to mutate, meaning the set of genetic instructions that contain all the information that the virus needs to function can change as the virus spreads. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The virus's DNA or RNA is the genetic material containing the information needed to replicate the virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The virus's genetic material takes control of the host cell and forces it to replicate the virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Viruses are classified as DNA viruses or RNA viruses, depending on whether they use DNA or RNA to replicate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In studies investigating the impacts of retaining the E3 glycoprotein on mature virus outside of a host cell, we found this retention of E3 decreases receptor-mediated entry of cell targets that can be rescued on cells containing heparan sulfate suggesting viruses containing E3 on mature envelopes can utilize the E3 protein as an attachment factor. (purdue.edu)
  • Viruses with lipid envelopes have a greater ability to adhere to cell membranes and to avoid destruction by the immune system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Together, these data suggest that the E3 glycoprotein protects the fusion region of E1 on budded, mature virus dependent on the pH of the extracellular environment. (purdue.edu)
  • However, the serum containing the virus that was used had come from an Aboriginal boy from Edward River, North Queensland. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus is suspected to be enzootic in populations of various native Australian mammals, and has been found on occasion in horses. (wikipedia.org)