• Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a disease that impairs the cat's immune system and causes certain types of cancer. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment were evaluated in a prospective and nonrandomized study of 35 cats with cryptococcosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and in some cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). (nih.gov)
  • In addition, we recommend testing all kittens for Feline Leukemia Virus (more on that later). (animalcliniceast.com)
  • Both Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus are similar to HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in people. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • We recommend all kittens be tested for Feline Leukemia Virus within the first few months of life. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • We also encourage testing new adult cats introduced to a home for both Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • injection site tumours (sarcoma, most often due to feline leukemia virus and rabies vaccines). (yourvetonline.com)
  • FIV is in the same retrovirus family as Feline leukemia virus (FeLV). (mongabay.com)
  • FeLV is usually contracted from cat-to-cat transmission (e.g. bites, close contact, grooming, and sharing dishes or litter pans). (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Although these diseases are in the same retrovirus family and cause many similar secondary conditions FeLV and FIV are different diseases, so it is important to determine which virus (if any) your cat has. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • cats seropositive for FeLV or FIV had a higher likelihood of treatment failure (P = .008). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Neither FeLV nor FIV can infect humans and HIV cannot infect cats. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • On rare occasions infection is transmitted from an infected mother cat to her kittens, usually during passage through the birth canal or when the newborn kittens ingest infected milk. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Kittens are much more susceptible to the virus, as are males and cats that have outdoor access. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Like HIV, both viruses can be transmitted from mother cats to kittens. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • All kittens who may spend even a small amount of time outdoors should be vaccinated for Feline Leukemia. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • Revolution and Frontline Plus are two excellent products used to kill fleas on kittens and adult cats. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • Similarly, kittens younger than 6 months can test positive not because they are infected, but because they acquired antibodies to the infection from their mother's milk. (chappellevet.ca)
  • Russian Blue Kitten photograph by Sensual Shadows Photography Before you go in search of Russian Blue Kittens have a look at these and have a look at some Russian Blue adult cats too and read about this cat breed. (pictures-of-cats.org)
  • I've also built a page in which I discuss the breed standard in a general kind of way, nothing too technical, which may interest potential buyers of Russian Blue kittens as it also contains a large format slide show of a lot of cats of this breed to get a feel as to how they appear and what they should look like under the breed standard. (pictures-of-cats.org)
  • Kittens can also be infected at birth, probably through virus that is present in the queen's (mother's) milk. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • False positive tests may occur if for example an infected queen has passed on her antibodies (but not the virus) to her kittens. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Kittens are most severely affected by the virus. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Because most cases of cat-scratch disease result from contact with kittens, immunosuppressed people should avoid such contact. (snapcats.org)
  • Anti-parasite medications for kittens and annual fecal exams for adult cats can reduce environmental contamination and the risk of human infection. (snapcats.org)
  • What is Feline Leukaemia Virus? (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Feline leukaemia virus was once a highly prevalent disease, which now, thanks to vaccination is a lot less common. (yourvetonline.com)
  • The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is a complex retrovirus that causes immunodeficiency disease in domestic cats. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Image showing an adult cat with feline immunodeficiency FIV is a viral disease caused by a retrovirus that affects only felines (therefore cats, in particular stray but not, for example, dogs) and which is transmitted from infected person to person healthy mostly through scratching and biting, because the pathogen is contained in saliva and blood. (aids2010.org)
  • FIV is similar to HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus) and causes a feline disease that is similar to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Although FIV is similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in people, FIV cannot be transmitted to people, and cats cannot carry HIV. (chappellevet.ca)
  • However, cats with FIV may have immune deficiencies that eventually make the cats vulnerable to the same secondary diseases that people with depressed immune systems can acquire (for example, chronic diarrhea or respiratory or skin problems that people with HIV/AIDS or individuals undergoing chemotherapy treatments can have). (chappellevet.ca)
  • As its name suggests, this is the cat equivalent of HIV, the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • What is AIDS in cats (feline immunodeficiency syndrome)FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency), is a common disease of cats, similar to AIDS and for this reason defined, in fact, cat AIDS. (aids2010.org)
  • Let's get rid of this doubt immediately: cat "AIDS" has nothing to do with HIV infection in humans, which is transmitted sexually or through direct contact with infected (human) blood, and which above all has other pathogenic cause. (aids2010.org)
  • Cat AIDS can be kept under control but not treated, because there are no drug therapies capable of eradicating the virus once it has infected the animal. (aids2010.org)
  • There has been a great deal of evidence showing, if not direct causality, an undeniable close link between the presence of HIV and the syndrome AIDS. (documentaryheaven.com)
  • GAINESVILLE, Fla. - A University of Florida researcher has discovered an unexpected link between the viruses that cause feline and human AIDS: Cats vaccinated with an experimental strain of the human AIDS virus appear to be at least as well-protected against the feline version of the disease as those immunized with the vaccine currently used by veterinarians. (mongabay.com)
  • The surprise finding may mean cats with feline immunodeficiency virus, also known as FIV or feline AIDS, could eventually be treated even more effectively using some form of the experimental human vaccine. (mongabay.com)
  • Researcher Janet Yamamoto, a professor at UF's College of Veterinary Medicine, also theorizes that these emerging relationships between the two viruses could one day lead to a vaccine for human AIDS. (mongabay.com)
  • Since its discovery in 1987, FIV infection of cats has been used in vaccine studies as a small-animal model of human AIDS. (mongabay.com)
  • We were the first to demonstrate that you can make an effective vaccine against a virus in the AIDS family of viruses," said Yamamoto, a co-discoverer of FIV. (mongabay.com)
  • To determine the extent to which the human and feline AIDS viruses react to each other, and any implications that might exist for vaccine efficacy, Yamamoto began experimenting with long-term, nonprogressive strains of FIV that led to the current commercial vaccine. (mongabay.com)
  • Therefore, protective vaccines based on cross-reactive regions of AIDS viruses can provide broad immunity, and may be useful against viruses that are currently evolving in a new host, such as HIV infection of humans," Yamamoto said. (mongabay.com)
  • Those with immature or weakened immune systems, such as infants, individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the elderly, and people undergoing cancer therapy, are more susceptible to zoonotic infections than others. (snapcats.org)
  • Feline panleukopenia (FPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the feline parvovirus. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Feline herpes virus, sometimes known as feline viral rhinotracheitis (F3 FVR) is a highly contagious disease that causes upper respiratory tract disease. (yourvetonline.com)
  • It is spread to susceptible cats that are in direct contact with an infected cat, or with inanimate objects (e.g., clothing, food and water dishes, furniture, toys) that have been contaminated with viral particles. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Because biting is the most efficient means of viral transmission, free-roaming, aggressive male cats are the most frequently infected, while cats housed exclusively indoors are much less likely to be infected. (mongabay.com)
  • The viruses HIV and FIV are from the same viral family," Yamamoto said. (mongabay.com)
  • It can weaken a cat's immune system (immunosuppression) and make the cat susceptible to other infectious organisms such as bacteria, other viruses, yeast, fungi, etc. (secondary or "opportunistic" infections). (chappellevet.ca)
  • The Feline Immuno-deficiency Virus is a slow virus that affects a cat's immune system over a period of years. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • For some cats, the virus mutates (changes) and reacts with the cat's immune system to create a disease called FIP. (yourvetonline.com)
  • however, any cat can acquire this disease. (chappellevet.ca)
  • The disease is also rarely transmitted from an infected mother cat to her nursing kitten in the milk. (chappellevet.ca)
  • FIV is a cat-only disease and cannot be spread to humans or other non-felines. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • For cats, keeping your cat inside rather than letting them roam outside will lower their risk of catching a disease from other cats. (yourvetonline.com)
  • reducing the risk of transmission of disease between individual cats, and between cats and other animals including humans. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Feline coronavirus is a cat-specific virus (it cannot cause disease in other animals and is NOT the same virus that causes human coronavirus Covid-19). (yourvetonline.com)
  • However, simple precautions, common sense, and good hygiene, including careful handling of litter boxes and treating cats with fleas and other parasites, can further reduce the risk of zoonotic disease. (snapcats.org)
  • Transmission of a zoonotic disease can potentially occur when a person comes into direct contact with secretions or excretions-such as saliva or feces-from an infected cat. (snapcats.org)
  • The chance that an FIV infected cat will pass the disease onto other cats within a household is less than 2% as long as there is no fighting or biting. (mongabay.com)
  • Keeping infected cats separated from disease free cats is the only sure way of preventing the spread of the disease. (mongabay.com)
  • However, unlike in domestic cats, the virus does not necessarily cause disease in these species, perhaps because these species have acquired, during evolution, mutations that confer resistance to it. (mongabay.com)
  • Her most recent studies have attempted to improve the efficacy of that vaccine by using strains of FIV found in cats in which the disease had not progressed for some reason over several years. (mongabay.com)
  • Additionally, a disease may be contracted through contact with water or food that has been contaminated by an infected cat. (snapcats.org)
  • Cat-scratch disease , also called bartonellosis , is by far the most common zoonotic disease associated with cats. (snapcats.org)
  • Cat-scratch disease can occur when a person is bitten or scratched by an infected cat. (snapcats.org)
  • People with cat-scratch disease usually have swollen lymph nodes, especially around the head, neck, and upper limbs. (snapcats.org)
  • Some healthy cats are continuously or intermittently infected with cat-scratch disease bacteria, but antibiotics do not reliably cure infection in these cats and are not currently recommended. (snapcats.org)
  • However, avoiding scratches and bites (for example, by not allowing children to play roughly with cats), controlling fleas, and keeping cats indoors all reduce the risk of cat-scratch disease. (snapcats.org)
  • Some feline intestinal parasites, including roundworms and hookworms, can also cause disease in people. (snapcats.org)
  • If the tests are positive, the cat should be treated for the specific disease identified. (vin.com)
  • After the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a number of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) were identified in Rhinolophus bats, and some of them can use human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for the infection receptor without acquiring additional mutations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mucosal infection and vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus. (nih.gov)
  • Unfortunately, there is no vaccination currently available for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, although there is currently a great deal of research into transmission, prevention, treatment, and development of a vaccine for the virus. (animalcliniceast.com)
  • Vaccination is one of the most effective ways you can protect your cat against infectious diseases. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Occasionally a cat may suffer from anaphylaxis that can occur up to 48 hours post-vaccination. (yourvetonline.com)
  • However, the prognosis and life expectancy is significantly enhanced by regular Vet check-ups and careful health management of infected cats, so early diagnosis is vital. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Surprisingly, there is no proven shortening of life expectancy with FIV cats, although you do need to keep on top of any infections it may pick up, as neglected illness will not help! (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • The life expectancy of the feline with full-blown FIV is about five years from diagnosis. (aids2010.org)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that affects domesticated housecats worldwide. (mongabay.com)
  • Infected cats shed the virus in their urine, stool, nasal secretions and even their fleas can aid the transmission of the virus. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Fleas in Dogs and Cats Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) on a severely flea-infested and anemic cat. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Many zoonotic diseases can be transmitted from fleas or ticks (called vectors) to a person or a cat from another animal. (snapcats.org)
  • Fleas are the most common external parasite of cats. (snapcats.org)
  • Fleas may also serve as vectors for cat-scratch and other zoonotic diseases. (snapcats.org)
  • Flea-infested cats may become infected with tapeworms from fleas ingested while grooming. (snapcats.org)
  • Whilst most infected cats do not show symptoms, they are prone to developing other infections and certain types of cancer. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • What are the symptoms of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus? (homehealth-uk.com)
  • An FIV-infected cat may not show any symptoms for years. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Once symptoms do develop, however, they may continually progress, or a cat may show signs of sickness interspersed with health for years. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • This latent stage can last for many years before the cat shows any outward signs of illness (clinical signs or symptoms). (chappellevet.ca)
  • These symptoms depend upon which cells the virus "chose" to infect, and are often nonspecific. (chappellevet.ca)
  • The presence of such symptoms, particularly in cats that roam or have been strays in the past (and therefore may have been exposed through bites from other cats) leads a veterinarian to want to test a cat for FIV, to confirm or eliminate FIV as a cause of the symptoms. (chappellevet.ca)
  • FIV cats most often live long, healthy, and relatively normal lives with no symptoms at all. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • This virus attacks cells that are rapidly growing and dividing causing the symptoms we see involving the gut, foetus and bone marrow. (yourvetonline.com)
  • The virus commonly causes anaemia or lymphoma, but because it suppresses the immune system, it can also predispose cats to deadly infections. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • It is recommended to keep infected cats indoors as much as possible, because they will be more vulnerable to contracting other infections due to their weakened immune systems. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • FIV gradually destroys the immune system so the cat becomes unable to respond properly to other infections. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Secondary infections can be effectively treated with antibiotics but no specific treatment for the virus exists. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • This is a relatively common infection in cats that mainly causes asymptomatic infections such as enteritis resulting in diarrhoea. (yourvetonline.com)
  • While most feline infectious diseases affect only cats, and most human infectious diseases affect only humans, it is important to be aware that some of these diseases-called zoonotic diseases-can be transmitted between cats and people. (snapcats.org)
  • You are much more likely to contract ailments from other humans than you are from your cat. (snapcats.org)
  • FIV is a natural infection of domestic cats that results in an immunodeficiency syndrome resembling HIV infection in humans. (mongabay.com)
  • FIV and HIV are both lentiviruses, however, neither can infect the other's usual host: humans cannot be infected by FIV nor can cats be infected by HIV. (mongabay.com)
  • Some compounds made from separate virus strains have been successfully used in vaccines against viruses from the same subfamily, such as smallpox in humans, which is made from cowpox virus, and human measles vaccines for canine distemper in puppies. (mongabay.com)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • For that reason, the amino acids that make up the proteins in both viruses share some common regions. (mongabay.com)
  • We talk about it here because it often happens to meet people - both cat owners and non-cat owners - who confuse the two syndromes, human and feline, and fear that there is a danger of transmission. (aids2010.org)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • FIV attacks the immune system of cats, much like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system of human beings. (mongabay.com)
  • Human infection can be prevented by wearing gloves and washing hands thoroughly after cleaning litter boxes (especially if used by a cat with diarrhea). (snapcats.org)
  • Cats that have FIV must be kept indoors and isolated from other cats. (chappellevet.ca)
  • Feline infection can be prevented by keeping cats indoors and feeding them cooked or commercially processed food. (snapcats.org)
  • Whilst most cats eliminate FCoV after infection, some will develop a persistent infection and continue to shed large amounts of the virus in their faeces, serving as a source of infection for other cats. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Principles of Canine and Feline Blood Collection, Processing, and Storage. (chipsbooks.com)
  • FIV can infect other feline species, and in fact in some large wild cat species, such as African lions, the virus is commonly present. (mongabay.com)
  • Salmonella bacteria are more commonly harbored by cats that feed on raw meat or wild birds and animals. (snapcats.org)
  • There are many different vaccines available for cats, each designed to prevent certain illnesses. (yourvetonline.com)
  • However, FIV is a highly species-specific virus that infects only felines. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Are people or other animals species at risk from the virus? (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • IMPORTANCE The efficiency of infection receptor use is the first step in determining the species tropism of viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinical aspects of feline retroviruses: a review. (nih.gov)
  • Bear in mind that in any individual cat the clinical picture may represent a combination of pruritic and behavioural aspects. (vin.com)
  • Infection occurs when a susceptible cat comes into contact with these infectious secretions. (yourvetonline.com)
  • Vif of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats protects against APOBEC3 restriction factors from many felids. (nih.gov)
  • Yamamoto's team was also surprised to discover that a core protein found in HIV also effectively protects cats against FIV. (mongabay.com)
  • It's advisable to feed the positive cat from a separate food bowl as saliva can have large amounts of virus in it. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Virus particles are found in saliva, nasal and tear secretions. (yourvetonline.com)
  • The virus is transmitted between cats via contact with a cat's infected saliva and urine either directly, or by touching shared food bowls and toys. (yourvetonline.com)
  • FIV is diagnosed on a blood test which looks for the presence of antibodies to the virus. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • No. Although HIV is a similar virus, there is no risk of cross infection. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Many other diseases can show similar changes but suspicions of FIV may be raised if a cat doesn't respond as well as expected to treatment or has a recurring condition. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • The center is committed to improving the health of cats by developing methods to prevent or cure feline diseases and by providing continuing education to veterinarians and cat owners. (metrowesthumanesociety.org)
  • Yamamoto holds the patent on the only approved vaccine available through veterinarians to protect cats against FIV. (mongabay.com)
  • All cats are at risk, but in particular those that can easily be attacked by wild or stray cats (especially if males are not neutered, and therefore aggressive), in urban areas or in rural areas. (aids2010.org)
  • We found that whenever we tried using less virulent strains of virus, we were able to make a better vaccine. (mongabay.com)
  • However, cats and other animals-even those that appear healthy-can carry and pass salmonella bacteria in their stool. (snapcats.org)
  • 9). For cats in which treatment was successful, antigen titers decreased significantly from pretreatment values by 1.3 orders of magnitude at 2 months after initiation of treatment. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • By 10 months after initiating treatment, log titers decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude in all cats successfully treated, and 9 of 16 cats had undetectable titers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In contrast, in 5 of 6 cats in which treatment failed, antigen titers were unchanged or increased in magnitude even after at least 6 months of treatment. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures. (nih.gov)
  • Antiviral treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats with (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine. (nih.gov)
  • The term is used to describe an acquired syndrome of multifactorial aetiology that results in loss of hair over the perineum, proximal ventral and ventrolateral tail, hind limbs, ventrum, lateral abdomen and distal forelimbs and on rare occasions extending to the lateral thorax. (vin.com)