Virus receptor virus internalization. Medical search. Frequent questions

Lassa mammarenavirus gains entry into the host cell by means of the cell-surface receptor the alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG), a versatile receptor for proteins of the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor recognition depends on a specific sugar modification of alpha-dystroglycan by a group of glycosyltransferases known as the LARGE proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Although genistein and tyrophostin individually inhibited the entry of these viruses into the cells, together they were able to interfere with endocytosis (the process by which a cell pulls in a virus) and uncoating proteins (the process by which a virus alters proteins on the surface of the host cell to gain entry) while also producing a synergistic effect. (beforeitsnews.com)
The CPE is dependent on expression of viral proteins and the presence of CD46, the major cellular receptor of MV-Edm. (elsevierpure.com)
Recent studies show that core proteins play an essential role in cccDNA formation and virus replication [4]. (ghuhlo.top)
After uncoating, the virus takes its genome into the nucleus through the nuclear transfer signal on its nucleocapsid proteins. (ghuhlo.top)
Finally, cytoplasmic proteins that are known to localize in integrins-mediated contacts will be characterized upon virus attachment. (sfb1129.de)
This project will reveal how the physical interactions of viral and cellular proteins cooperate in a spatially defined way that enables virus entry. (sfb1129.de)
We also identified miRNAs that bind to receptor proteins, such as ACE2, ADAM17, and TMPRSS2, which are important for understanding the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. (molcells.org)
Influenza A viruses are classified into several subtypes based on the structural proteins hemagglutinin (HA/H) and neuraminidase (NA/N), such as H1-H18 and N1-N11 [ 24 ]. (springeropen.com)
Since the genomic sequence of HCV was determined, progress has been made towards understanding the functions of the HCV-encoded proteins and identifying the cellular receptor(s) responsible for adsorption and penetration of the virus particle into the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Scavenger receptors are cell membrane proteins that bind chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated and oxidized LDLs. (biomedcentral.com)
arrestin-associated proteins during internalization never have been elucidated. (moca-09.org)
They must utilize the nucleic acids of living cells they infect to reproduce their proteins (i.e., trick the host into producing them), which are then assembled into new viruses like cars on an assembly line. (medcraveonline.com)
[ 5 ] The Fc region of IgG facilitates interaction with and signaling through Fc receptors on phagocytes, B cells, and other cells and with Fc-binding plasma proteins (eg, components of the complement system). (medscape.com)

Chemokine receptors (CR), which can mediate migration of immune cells to the site of inflammation, also function as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into CD4 + T lymphocytes and antigen- presenting cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
We demonstrate here that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increases the expression of chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 in monocytoid U937 cells as detected by cell surface molecule labeling and mRNA expression, as well as by intracellular calcium mobilization and cell migration in response to specific ligands. (johnshopkins.edu)
The increased expression of these chemokine receptors also results in an enhanced HIV-1 entry into cells. (johnshopkins.edu)

For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
We therefore asked if in fibroblast-like cells the intracellular domain (ICD) of CAR plays a role in the internalization of the CAV-2 fiber knob (FKCAV), CAV-2, or HAdV-C5 when the capsid cannot engage integrins. (cnrs.fr)
IMPORTANCE: Understanding how viruses interact with the host cell surface and reach the intracellular space is of crucial importance for applied and fundamental virology. (cnrs.fr)
His Asialoglycoprotein receptor research incorporates themes from Receptor, Cell surface receptor, Endocytosis and Intracellular, Cell biology. (research.com)

Furthermore, we found that the same TNF defense mechanisms were instrumental in protecting wild-type adenovirus-infected human cells expressing 14.7K. This study describes a new molecular mechanism implemented by a virus to escape immunosurveillance by selectively targeting TNFR1 endocytosis to prevent TNF-induced DISC formation. (jci.org)
Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis. (cusabio.com)
This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through caveolin-mediated endocytosis. (arigobio.com)

Binds RNA and may function as a RNA chaperone to induce the RNA structural rearrangements taking place during virus replication (PubMed:18033802). (proteopedia.org)
After initial binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on the cell surface, the virus binds to its primary receptor called sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) through the large surface protein (LHBsAg) preS1 domain and enters the cytoplasm with the help of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [5, 6]. (ghuhlo.top)
The CCR5 co-receptor binds to the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein and facilitates HIV-1 entry into cells. (duke.edu)
Of the two subunits comprising the trimeric S glycoprotein, the S1 subunit binds ACE2 via its receptor-binding domain (RBD) while the central S2 subunit mediates fusion following S1 shedding. (drugbank.com)
This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). (cancerindex.org)

It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. (cancerindex.org)

citation needed] Unlike most enveloped viruses which use clathrin coated pits for cellular entry and bind to their receptors in a pH dependent fashion, Lassa and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus instead use an endocytotic pathway independent of clathrin, caveolin, dynamin and actin. (wikipedia.org)
This interaction is probably promoted via the up-regulation of cellular autophagy by the virus (PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)
Our data provide evidence for a relationship of cellular pathways that are induced by IFN-γ with those that regulate chemokine receptor expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
Cellular receptors that bind the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. (harvard.edu)
The main objective of this proposal is to define viral and cellular biophysical determinants of virus entry. (sfb1129.de)
We will focus on integrins, being the cellular receptors involved in the internalization of several viruses. (sfb1129.de)
Several cellular receptors for HCV have been proposed, all of which are associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
This article reviews the cellular receptors for HCV and suggests a general model for HCV entry into cells, in which lipoproteins play a crucial role. (biomedcentral.com)
As long-lived viral DNA within specific cellular reservoirs is responsible for persistent hepatitis B virus, Herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the discovery of AAV vectors with strong tropism for hepatocytes, sensory neurons and T cells, respectively, is of particular interest. (biomedcentral.com)

A 2011 research paper in the journal Archives of Virology entitled , "Inhibition of Lassa virus and Ebola virus infection in host cells treated with the kinase inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin," details the pair's therapeutic role in reducing the severity of hemorrhagic fever. (beforeitsnews.com)
The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. (medsci.org)
The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
However, to this day, in the fight against virus infection, there is no real winner. (medsci.org)
EBV's primary infection is considered to be caused by viruses through the oropharyngeal epithelium. (selfgrowth.com)
These viruses depend on its host for replication and infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza virus infection is lethal to the chick embryo. (biomedcentral.com)
TMP, Zn or saline separately had no effect on embryo survival, none of the embryos survived influenza virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that combination of trimethoprim and zinc at optimal ratio can be provided as treatment for influenza and possibly other respiratory RNA viruses infection in man. (biomedcentral.com)
We investigated the involvement of Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 3, which recognizes viral double-stranded (ds)RNA, on WNV infection. (utmb.edu)
Peripheral WNV infection led to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and enhanced brain infection in wildtype but not in Tlr3 -/- mice, although both groups were equally susceptible upon intracerebroventricular administration of the virus. (utmb.edu)
Collectively, WNV infection leads to a Tlr3-dependent inflammatory response, which is involved in brain penetration of the virus and neuronal injury. (utmb.edu)
attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. (cusabio.com)
This enhancement of infection efficiency requires a functional EGF receptor since it was not observed in cells expressing a mutated (kinase-inactive) EGF receptor. (mcmaster.ca)
The observed difference in infection efficiency is not due to differences in virus binding or internalization. (mcmaster.ca)
These studies suggest that the reovirus infection process is closely coupled to the EGF receptor-mediated cell signal transduction pathway. (mcmaster.ca)
Identification of sialic acid as an important host factor for ZIKV internalization provides a new insight into better understanding on ZIKV infection and pathogenesis. (keystonesymposia.org)
Untangling the viral replication pathways from host cell functions is challenging because viruses hijack cell machinery upon infection, creating cell conditions more conducive for virus production. (thermofisher.cn)
In its external conformation the protein attaches the virus to cell receptors and thereby initiating infection. (arigobio.com)
The viral spike protein is essential for cell receptor binding, cell entry, and viral infection. (molcells.org)
To study the adsorption, penetration and replication of the virus, a major obstacle has been the lack of an efficient and reproducible in vitro infection system. (biomedcentral.com)
Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies can be decisive in preventing HIV infection in mucosal tissues and offer prompt and effective protection just at major sites of virus entry. (biomedcentral.com)
The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein. (cusabio.com)
This interaction may explain virus tropism of human olfactory epithelium cells, which express high level of NRP1 and NRP2 but low level of ACE2. (cusabio.com)

APOE associated to the LVP allows the initial virus attachment to cell surface receptors such as the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), syndecan-1 (SDC1), syndecan-1 (SDC2), the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) (PubMed:12970454, PubMed:12356718, PubMed:12913001, PubMed:28404852, PubMed:22767607). (proteopedia.org)

The large segment encodes a small zinc finger protein (Z) that regulates transcription and replication, and the RNA polymerase (L). The small segment encodes the nucleoprotein (NP) and the surface glycoprotein precursor (GP, also known as the viral spike), which is proteolytically cleaved into the envelope glycoproteins GP1 and GP2 that bind to the alpha-dystroglycan receptor and mediate host cell entry. (wikipedia.org)
Viral glycoproteins including gp350, gHgL, gB and gp42 mediate the preferential binding of EBV to B cells by interacting with the complement receptor CR2 (CD21) on the surface of B cells, and then the envelope glycoprotein gp42 and gp85/gp25 form a fusion protein triple molecule Complex. (selfgrowth.com)
Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 Cooperates with mGluR2 To Mediate the Internalization of Rabies Virus and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
Instead, these authors proposed that CD81 may be an attachment receptor with poor capacity to mediate the viral entry, and that reducing environments may not not favor CD81-HCV interaction. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of purified magnetically labeled TNFR1 complexes from murine and human cells stably transduced with 14.7K revealed that prevention of TNFR1 internalization resulted in inhibition of DISC formation. (jci.org)
The effect of Tri-Z on virus binding to its cell surface receptor was evaluated in a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using chicken red cells. (biomedcentral.com)
By directly attaching to the core protein carboxyl-terminal domain, Ciclopirox derivatives may be able to suppress HBV virus assembly and subsequent viral replication inhibition. (ghuhlo.top)
Mohebbi A, Ghorbanzadeh T, Naderifar S, Khalaj F, Askari FS, Sammak AS (2023) A fragment-based drug discovery developed on ciclopirox for inhibition of Hepatitis B virus core protein: An in silico study. (ghuhlo.top)
Sialyllactose inhibition study showed that there is no direct interaction between sialic acid and ZIKV particles, implying that sialic acid could be mediating ZIKV-receptor complex internalization. (keystonesymposia.org)
A Novel Vaccine Employing Non-Replicating Rabies Virus Expressing Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Domains: Functional Inhibition of Viral/Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Complexes. (cdc.gov)

abstract = "West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne single-stranded (ss)RNA flavivirus, causes human disease of variable severity. (utmb.edu)

E1/E2 heterodimer binding on CD81 activates the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway (PubMed:22855500). (proteopedia.org)
Our proposed pathway of CAV-2 entry is in contrast to that of human AdV type 5 (HAdV-C5) in non-neuronal cells, where internalization is mediated by auxiliary receptors such as integrins. (cnrs.fr)
These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

T/NK lymphocytes neither express CD21 nor HLA class II, but T/NK lymphocytes express some integrins, which increase when stimulated and can act as receptors for T/NK lymphocytes. (selfgrowth.com)
To determine the capacity of specific integrins to serve as virus internalization receptors we will use RGD-based peptides as well as peptidomimetics and integrin-specific ligands as antagonists. (sfb1129.de)

The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
transferrin can transport iron from cells (intestinal, macrophages) to specific receptors on erythroblasts, placental cells, and liver cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Its N terminus is tyrosine-sulfated, as are many antibodies that react with the co-receptor binding site on gp120. (duke.edu)
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. (drugbank.com)

CD46 mediates virus attachment, entry, and virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion. (elsevierpure.com)
Removal of membrane-bound, un-internalized virus with pronase treatment confirmed that sialic acid is required for ZIKV internalization but not attachment. (keystonesymposia.org)
To gain entry into cells, viruses interact with distinct receptors at the cell membrane for attachment and subsequent internalization. (sfb1129.de)
Even though the replicative lifecycle of viruses differs greatly between species and categories, there are common stages that are essential for viral replication: attachment, entry and uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. (thermofisher.cn)

2oc1 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Hepacivirus C and Hepatitis C virus subtype 1b . (proteopedia.org)
In contrast, hepatitis C virus (HCV) engages receptors at the basal surface of hepatocytes in the polarized liver parenchyma. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein is an attractive target for preventing capsid assembly and viral replication. (ghuhlo.top)
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the cause of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (ghuhlo.top)
His Molecular biology research includes themes of RNA, Plasmid, Gene, Oligonucleotide and Hepatitis B virus. (research.com)
His study in the fields of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C under the domain of Virology overlaps with other disciplines such as Anti hiv and Cost effectiveness. (research.com)
George Y. Wu mainly investigates Immunology, Liver disease, Hepatitis C virus, Disease and Radiology. (research.com)
His Hepatitis C virus research is within the category of Virology. (research.com)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepadnavirus which has a circular genome composed of partially double-stranded DNA. (arigobio.com)
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Induces SATB1 Expression Through Activation of ERK and p38MAPK Pathways to Suppress Anoikis. (arigobio.com)
Figure 1 A schematic of the hepatitis C virus life cycle. (wjgnet.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes and leads to permanent, severe liver damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with approximately 170 million people infected worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Also, the presence of cccDNA in liver cells is a factor in persistent virus replication activity [3]. (ghuhlo.top)
Commonly composed of either DNA or RNA cores with protein coverings, and having no inherent reproductive ability, viruses depend upon the host for replication. (medcraveonline.com)

In Specific Aim 2, we will determine the mechanical regulation of virus-host cell interaction, focusing on the spatiotemporal patterns of force maps in cells during virus uptake. (sfb1129.de)

Viruses 2022 0 0. (cdc.gov)

Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
EBV-infected B cells can activate NK cells to acquire CD21 molecules through synaptic transfer, and the ectopic receptor leads to the binding of EBV to NK cells. (selfgrowth.com)
Acting on host cells, Tri-Z at optimal ratio can reduce the lethal effect of influenza A virus in chick embryo. (biomedcentral.com)
The virus causes cytopathic effects (CPEs) of extensive syncytial formation in tumor cells but minimal damage or cell killing in normal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Using engineered cells expressing a range of CD46 densities, we determined that whereas virus entry increased progressively with CD46 density, cell fusion was minimal at low receptor densities but increased dramatically above a threshold density of CD46 receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
It is well established that tumor cells express abundant CD46 receptors on their surfaces compared with their normal counterparts. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, we will characterize integrin clustering in cells and determine the binding kinetics and receptor cooperativity in reinforcement of adhesion. (sfb1129.de)
Using the described nanopatterning and surface immobilization approaches, we will analyze force distribution at the apical and basolateral side of cells as a function of virus particle density and tethering compliance to the underlying support. (sfb1129.de)
Nevertheless, if the PCSK9 molecule is normally obstructed, LDL receptors are recycled, came back to the top of cells, and remove even more LDL contaminants from flow. (researchensemble.com)
This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
Thus, the identification of the HCV receptor on the surface of susceptible cells, especially hepatocytes, remains a major challenge for the development of both in vitro cell culture systems, and for the design of successful therapies [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)

Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
Receptor-mediated in vitro gene transformation by a soluble DNA carrier system. (research.com)

Influenza virus can adapt to species specific haemagglutinin biding receptors on cell surface and then cross the species [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatostatin-14 induced internalization of cell surface receptors and reduction of binding sites on the cell surface. (reading.ac.uk)
The receptor is normally avoided by This technique from time for the cell surface area, where in fact the receptor could remove even more LDL particles. (researchensemble.com)

Virus evolution 2023 0 0. (cdc.gov)

Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)
Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
His primary areas of investigation include Molecular biology, Asialoglycoprotein receptor, Gene delivery, Asialoglycoprotein and Biochemistry. (research.com)
Receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression in vivo. (research.com)
His Molecular biology study incorporates themes from Asialoglycoprotein receptor, Asialoglycoprotein, Gene expression, RNA and DNA. (research.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
A gene expression array showed significantly increased expression of CCR3, a receptor of eotaxin-3, in PC-3. (cancerindex.org)
Gene delivery of antiviral therapeutics to anatomical sites where viruses accumulate and persist is a promising approach for the next generation of antiviral therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the leading vectors for gene therapy applications that deliver gene-editing enzymes, antibodies, and RNA interference molecules to eliminate viral reservoirs that fuel persistent infections. (biomedcentral.com)

they may also play other roles in immune regulation and homeostasis, through their ability to bind host antigens, surface molecules and receptors. (biomedcentral.com)

Viruses 2020 0 0. (cdc.gov)
Erstwhile unexplored corona virus, SARS-CoV-2 was ascertained in China, Wuhan (2019) and later sequenced in January 2020 (Zhou et al. (pdfplayer.org)

E1A genes that are phylogenetically indistinguishable from College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.J. Carr, L. Dunford, P. O'Reilly, the viruses previously detected in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Live attenuated Edmonston B strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) is a potent and specific oncolytic agent, but the mechanism underlying its tumor selectivity is unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
Tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 signaling is vital for blood-brain barrier compromise upon Tlr3 stimulation by dsRNA or WNV. (utmb.edu)

Discrimination between high and low CD46 receptor density provides a compelling basis for the oncolytic specificity of MV-Edm and establishes MV-Edm as a promising CD46-targeted cancer therapeutic agent. (elsevierpure.com)

The GP42 in the complex is combined with the HLA II molecular molecules, and caused the virus cell fusion under the participation of GP85/GP25 and GP110 glycoprotein. (selfgrowth.com)

Through mutagenesis, the ASK motifs within 5-HT2BR and 5-HT2CR were defined as getting crucial for JCPyV infectivity and internalization. (moca-09.org)

Similarly, direct injection of viruses into the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., via lumbar puncture in humans) also permits targeting of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
Here, we compare the role of a cell adhesion molecule (CAR), in the internalization of adenoviruses that naturally infect humans and Canidae. (cnrs.fr)
Among the influenza viruses, types A and B cause severe tragic effects in humans. (springeropen.com)
Four unhackneyed low morbific corona viruses are aboriginal in humans: HCoV- OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E besides highly infective SARS- CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, all members of β-corona virus genus. (pdfplayer.org)

10. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned virus from the Flaviviridae family is a Hepacivirus and specifically HCV. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. (harvard.edu)

They recognize microorganisma through their Fc, complement and toll-like receptors (TLR), as well as non-TLR. (medscape.com)

RNA virus requires host cell wall receptors to infect and its nucleus to replicate [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
He affirmed that these crystals could easily infect plants, and concluded that a virus was not a living organism, since it could be crystallized like salt and yet remain infectious. (medcraveonline.com)

Here we report that adenovirus 14.7K protein inhibits ligand-induced TNFR1 internalization. (jci.org)
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule used as a docking molecule by some adenoviruses (AdVs) and group B coxsackieviruses. (cnrs.fr)
We previously proposed that the preferential transduction of neurons by canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is due to CAR-mediated internalization. (cnrs.fr)

The Mechanism and Clinical Outcome of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 Whose Nucleic Acid Test has changed from negative to positive, and the therapeutic efficacy of Favipiravir: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (cdc.gov)

Confocal microscopic analysis revealed colocalization of intracellularly localized rat sst1-human simplex virus (HSV) with Rab5a-green fluorescent protein and Rab11a-green fluorescent protein, indicating the distribution of the receptor in endocytotic and recycling organelles. (reading.ac.uk)

Co-receptor Binding Site Antibodies Enable CD4-Mimetics to Expose Conserved Anti-cluster A ADCC Epitopes on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins. (harvard.edu)

In the nucleus, the rcDNA genome of the virus turns it into a complete double-stranded (cccDNA) by the host's DNA repair enzymes. (ghuhlo.top)

With recent findings reporting AXL as a type I interferon antagonist rather than an entry receptor, the exact mechanism underlying the entry of ZIKV, and flaviviruses in general, remains unresolved. (keystonesymposia.org)
Blockade of macrophage Fc receptors is considered the primary mechanism of action of immune globulin in persons with ITP and other autoantibody-mediated cytopenias. (medscape.com)

Young RO (2016) Second Thoughts about Viruses, Vaccines, and the HIV/AIDS Hypothesis - Part 1. (medcraveonline.com)

The authors, which include researchers from the University of Texas Medical Branch, also reference a previous animal study which shows genistein's ability to reduce harm from Pichinde ́virus (PICV), an Ebola-like virus that also causes hemorrhagic fever. (beforeitsnews.com)

Given the recent reports highlighting a role for receptor mobility in pathogen entry, we studied the effect(s) of hepatocyte polarization on viral receptor and HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) dynamics using real-time fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single particle tracking. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Therefore we anticipate that such parameters will be also important for integrin-dependent virus entry. (sfb1129.de)
Two specific aims are proposed to elucidate the mechanisms that promote virus entry. (sfb1129.de)
It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. (cancerindex.org)

Respiratory RNA viruses including influenza virus have been a cause of health and economic hardships. (biomedcentral.com)
Respiratory RNA viruses are continuing to challenge man with epidemics and devastating pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
In the wrong hands, a technology involving respiratory RNA viruses may become a threat to national security. (biomedcentral.com)
Public health education, vaccination and drug treatment are strategies whereby national security against threats of respiratory RNA virus pandemics is ensured. (biomedcentral.com)
When combined at a ratio TMP and Zn may treat respiratory RNA virus infections [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive stranded RNA virus which has caused the recent deadly pandemic called COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
2003), Middle- East respiratory syndrome corona virus (Zaki et al. (pdfplayer.org)

We examined whether a combination of trimethoprim and zinc (Tri-Z), that acts on the host, can reduce the lethal effect of influenza A virus in chick embryo model. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza virus was isolated from patients and propagated in eggs. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies of influenza virus are usually carried out in ferret and/or mouse models. (biomedcentral.com)
Globally, influenza virus infections present a potential threat to human and animal health due to frequent reassortant and novel mutant strains [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
Based on these premises, this review emphasizes the commercialized plant products extensively showing effective inhibitory activity against influenza viruses. (springeropen.com)
The continual emergence of influenza viruses remains the main threat to human health results in a considerable record of morbidity and mortality. (springeropen.com)

however, recombinant HAdV-14p1 fi ber regions containing the depending on the infecting HAdV serotype and tropism 2-aa deletion did not demonstrate substantial phenotypic resulting from differential host receptor use, the wide differences between the new agent and the prototype virus variety of symptoms can include pneumonia, febrile ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Numerous plant compounds, which also come with a host of additional medicinal benefits outside of their role in the fight against the Ebola virus, have been documented to have extreme promise in the deterrence of yet another virus epidemic. (beforeitsnews.com)
There have been strenuous efforts to reveal the mechanisms that the host defends itself against invasion by this virus. (medsci.org)
Many viruses target the polarized epithelial apex during host invasion. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Our study highlights the mechanistic differences that a receptor can have for two viruses from the same family. (cnrs.fr)

Anatomy10

Organisms79

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes33

Information Science3

Proteins15

Chemokine Receptors3

Intracellular4

Endocytosis3

Binds5

Protein-Coupled Receptors1

Cellular9

Infection25

ACE22

Scavenger receptor class B type1

Mediate4

Inhibition6

Abstract1

Pathway3

Integrins2

Specific receptors2

Tyrosine2

Attachment4

Hepatitis13

Replication2

Interaction1

20221

Cells13

Soluble2

Cell surface3

20231

Gene11

ANTIGENS1

20202

Genes1

Tumor2

Specificity1

Molecules1

Infectivity1

Humans4

Peptides1

Coreceptors1

Complement1

Infect2

Adenovirus3

20191

Endocytotic1

Antibodies1

Genome1

Mechanism2

20161

Causes hemorrhagic fever1

Entry4

Respiratory8

Influenza6

Host4

Differences1