• 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • Some bacteria in the genus Rhodococcus cause leafy galls, shoot proliferation, and other growth deformities on many plants and are economically important pathogens of herbaceous perennials grown by the ornamental nursery industry. (usda.gov)
  • Clostridia are a class of Gram-positive, anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria, and include the important human pathogens Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridioides difficile , among numerous others. (biorxiv.org)
  • Biofilms have demonstrated roles in both virulence and persistence among bacterial pathogens of global health importance. (biorxiv.org)
  • The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
  • Bacterial pathogens must acquire iron in order to grow inside mammalian hosts. (bcm.edu)
  • The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
  • Altogether, these results suggest that CpxA is an important small molecule receptor crucial for cell-to-cell signaling and inhibition of virulence of GI pathogens. (grantome.com)
  • A common virulence strategy of intracellular pathogens is to favorably modulate the intracellular milieu of hosts for their own benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast, some bacterial pathogens (including Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri ) have mechanisms to escape from the phagosome and proliferate in the cytosol ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeting of bacterial pathogens by the autophagy machinery is often mediated by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification ( 16 , 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium and pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Evolutionarily, a tolerance strategy that is independent of resistance could allow the host to avoid mounting a costly immune response and, theoretically, to avoid a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen virulence and host resistance. (datadryad.org)
  • Our primary model system is the human bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae , an important agent of ear infections (otitis media) in children, as well as lung infections associated with chronic respiratory conditions. (drexel.edu)
  • Little is known about this bacterial pathogen, and this dearth of knowledge impedes efforts by nursery growers to detect and manage the pathogen. (usda.gov)
  • Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that can cause severe disease in humans, other mammals and birds [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of medical importance and the capsule and mucoid phenotype in this organism are considered as requisite virulence determinants. (scirp.org)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen. (scirp.org)
  • B. anthracis is an excellent model pathogen to study bacterial pathogenesis. (bcm.edu)
  • Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a soil borne plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on various important crops, including Solanaceae plants. (ppjonline.org)
  • A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions requires knowledge of the dynamics of gene expression changes in both the host and the pathogen during a time course of infection. (prelekara.sk)
  • Expression profiling of both pathogen effector genes and host genes involved in immunity allows us to suggest distinct mechanisms of effector-mediated susceptibility and reveals interesting Hpa effectors for detailed mechanistic investigation in future experiments. (prelekara.sk)
  • σS also contributes to biofilm formation and virulence of the food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). (hal.science)
  • In this case, ubiquitinated substrates (such as bacterial components or damaged membrane) are recognized by autophagy receptors, including p62 and NDP52, which direct formation of the autophagic membrane around the targeted pathogen ( 18 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Ubiquitous sequencing will allow for the near real-time characterization of pathogen biology, including determinations of virulence, transmissibility, sensitivity or resistance to medicines or vaccines. (slideshare.net)
  • Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Three studies have shown that this bacterium emerged from the gut pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis shortly after the first epidemic. (medscape.com)
  • Staphylococcal infection severity is based on host factors and bacterial pathogenesis ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Can natural transformation be exploited to map pathogenesis genes? (drexel.edu)
  • Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
  • Background Transcription from the gene is induced subsequent adherence from the bacterium to gastric epithelial cellular material pathogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • The hereditary locus was determined using an experimental technique predicated on the hypothesis that adherence of to gastric epithelial cellular SC-26196 manufacture material may cause the manifestation of genes linked to virulence or pathogenesis [10]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Broadly speaking, bacterial pathogenesis refers to the study of the origin and progression of a disease which results from infection by bacteria. (bcm.edu)
  • Although a number of bacteria and viruses have been show to influence serotonin signaling, no study has investigated the effect that serotonin has on bacterial pathogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • The bacteria elaborate a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, coagulase, and a fibrinolysin, which are the principal factors in the pathogenesis of plague. (medscape.com)
  • To coordinate expression of virulence genes during infection, S. aureus uses 2-component systems, transcription factors ( 5 ) and regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs), which function as positive ( 6 ) or negative ( 7 ) virulence determinants. (cdc.gov)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • These dominant types also carry hypermucoidy ( rmpA ) determinants and include all previously described virulence plasmids of K . pneumoniae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
  • Its genome harbors all the virulence determinants required to efficiently kill the host, including the ability to germinate in vivo, adhere to host tissues, produce toxins, evade the immune system, and sequester limiting nutrients for growth and replication. (bcm.edu)
  • BsaN orchestrates the temporal and spatial expression of virulence determinants during progression through the intracellular lifecycle, EPZ5676 mw promoting endosome escape and possibly evasion of autophagy through activation of T3SS3 effector loci, facilitating cell-cell spread by activation of T6SS1 and the bim intracellular motility loci, and suppressing cellular immunity via the action of the TssM ubiquitin hydrolase. (mirnaarray.com)
  • The gastric cancer phenotype was associated with the presence of babA and genes in the cag pathogenicity island, one of the major virulence determinants of H. pylori , as well as non-synonymous variations in several less well-studied genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tir is a receptor protein encoded by the espE gene which is located on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island in EPEC strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • We investigated differences in sRNA gene content and expression levels in S. aureus strains isolated from patients with bloodstream infections and from asymptomatic carriers. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
  • Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
  • however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This means that bacteria, rather than simply dividing into two daughter cells, each of which are genetically identical, on occasion acquire genetic material from other, more distantly related strains. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In an age where the remarkable adaptive and replicative ability of bacteria has lead to the rise of strains resistant to conventional antibiotics, modern medicine is faced with the challenge of discovering and validating new targets for drug development. (bcm.edu)
  • Methods Bacterial strains and culture conditions Bacterial strains are listed in Table 3. (mirnaarray.com)
  • The whole genome of various RSSC strains have been analyzed, and its virulence mechanism has been extensively investigated. (ppjonline.org)
  • Despite extensive effort in studying the virulence of RSSC strains, the complete understanding of the virulence mechanism remains elusive. (ppjonline.org)
  • Most phylogenetic studies focus on V. vulnificus strains isolated in the southern United States, but almost no genetic data are available on northeastern bacterial isolates of clinical or environmental origin. (ifremer.fr)
  • Putative virulence markers were present in both clinical and environmental strains. (ifremer.fr)
  • These results suggest that some northeastern environmental strains of V. vulnificus are phylogenetically close to clinical strains and probably are capable of virulence. (ifremer.fr)
  • Here, we use comparative genomics approaches to understand how genetic variation amongst bacterial strains influences disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are a number of challenges to applying GWAS to bacterial infections, including the difficulty of obtaining matched controls, multiple strain colonization and the possibility that causative strains may not be present when disease is detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, causative strains may be absent when disease is detected, particularly because precancerous lesions change the physiology of the stomach and can destroy the niche that the bacterium previously occupied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S. dysenteriae possesses diverse virulence genes, located on both the chromosome and/or the plasmid. (researchsquare.com)
  • 11 The common genetic loci are invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH ), invasion plasmid antigen genes ( ipaBCD) and invasion associated locus ( ial ). (researchsquare.com)
  • Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
  • Indest KJ, Jung CM, Chen HP, Hancock D, Florizone C, Eltis LD, Crocker FH: Functional characterization of pGKT2, a 182-kb plasmid containing the xplAB genes involved in the degradation of RDX by Gordonia sp. (karger.com)
  • The current model predicts that phytopathogenic isolates require a cluster of three loci present on a linear plasmid, with the fas operon central to virulence. (usda.gov)
  • The major burden of iuc and iro amongst the genomes analysed was due to two linked lineages ( iuc1 / iro1 74% and iuc2 / iro2 14%), each carried by a distinct non-self-transmissible IncFIB K virulence plasmid type that we designate KpVP-1 and KpVP-2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • spacer) and 3 plasmid loci ( ospC , dbpA , and BBD14). (cdc.gov)
  • After ingestion of infected blood, the bacteria survive in the midgut of the flea owing to a plasmid-encoded phospholipase D that protects them from digestive juices. (medscape.com)
  • All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • We sequenced and compared the genomes of 20 isolates of Rhodococcus to gain insights into the mechanisms and evolution of virulence in these bacteria. (usda.gov)
  • Horizontal gene transfer was identified as critical but limited in the scale of virulence evolution, as few loci are conserved and exclusive to phytopathogenic isolates. (usda.gov)
  • DNA sequencing of from medical isolates demonstrates that gene is present as two specific allelic types, specified and [10,11]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Lineage LII was comprised primarily but not entirely of clinical bacterial isolates. (ifremer.fr)
  • We identified SNPs and genes that differed in frequency between isolates from patients with gastric cancer and those with gastritis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This system is based on a sequence at the 5' end of a locus ( emm ) that is present in all isolates. (medscape.com)
  • To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic homogeneity of ospC -A isolates was confi rmed agent, Borrelia burgdorferi , a spirochete that parasitizes by sequences at 6 additional chromosomal housekeeping vertebrates, is transmitted by hard-bodied ticks through- loci ( gap, alr, glpA, xylB, ackA, and tgt ). (cdc.gov)
  • Next, the isolates were differentiated by sequencing a specific region of the gene encoding the enzyme glucosyltransferase B ( gtfB ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the genetic similarity of the isolates and pattern of amino acid variations identified by partial sequencing of the gtfB gene, base-pair changes were identified and correlated with different virulence patterns among the isolates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Certain Bordetella bacteria exist in two phases - Bvg+ is characterized by the expression of virulence genes and respiratory tract colonization, while the Bvg- phase is adapted for ex vivo growth when virulence genes are silenced. (the-scientist.com)
  • We used RNAi to confirm that a subset of mapped genes have a role in defence, including putative wound repair genes grainy head and debris buster. (datadryad.org)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • Among several EPS-defective mutants, we identified a mutant, SL341P4, with a Tn5-insertion in a gene encoding a putative NDP-sugar epimerase, a putative membrane protein with sugar-modifying moiety, in a reverse orientation to EPS biosynthesis gene cluster. (ppjonline.org)
  • BLAST search revealed that 19 putative candidate genes linked to 24 significant markers. (usda.gov)
  • Synthesis of acquired siderophores contributes to K . pneumoniae virulence via multiple mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteria belonging to class Clostridia have been anecdotally reported to form biofilms made of cellulose, although the molecular mechanisms governing their production has not before been described. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our work represents an entry point towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cellulose biofilm formation in Gram-positive bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
  • It is one of the major surface associated virulence factors of the bacteria that conceals the bacterial surface and helps it in evading the host self-defense mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
  • The capsular polysaccharides of E. coli have been well characterized and classified into four groups based on several factors, including biosynthetic gene locus and assembly mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
  • Although synthesis of capsule by is an important virulence determinant, UNC 2250 the regulatory mechanisms that control its synthesis have UNC 2250 not been determined. (oscars2019info.com)
  • This study also provides a firm basis for future studies to address molecular mechanisms of indirect regulation of gene expression by σS. (hal.science)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
  • These data provide the first genomic comparison in this group of plant pathogenic bacteria and lay the groundwork needed to develop diagnostic tools needed by the nursery industry. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we examined the genetic diversity, distribution and mobilisation of iuc and iro loci amongst 2503 K . pneumoniae genomes using comparative genomics approaches and developed tools for tracking them via genomic surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on their genomic organization, the transcription of these loci is likely driven from the promoter upstream of BPSS1512 tssM. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Although genomic and transcriptomic studies of S. pneumoniae have provided detailed perspectives on gene content and expression programs, they have lacked information pertaining to the translational landscape, particularly at a resolution that identifies commonly overlooked small open reading frames (sORFs), whose importance is increasingly realized in metabolism, regulation, and virulence. (biomed.news)
  • As a result, genomic structure, gene and protein expression and pathogenicity vary from strain to strain, potentially leading to differential roles in the CF lung. (marshall.edu)
  • Finally, novel genetic tools were fashioned for genomic mutagenesis and rapid gene knockouts. (marshall.edu)
  • The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
  • 10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)
  • Using genomics to investigate the mechanism, consequences and evolution of genetic recombination, especially in pathogenic bacteria. (drexel.edu)
  • Following the initial remarkable success of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major phenomenon in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • The emergence and spread of human pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics has become a major problem in the past fifty years. (europa.eu)
  • Resistance to antimicrobials by pathogenic bacteria is a global menace. (ijpsr.com)
  • Tertiary structures of AgrA proteins of some pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Macrococcus canis showing antimicrobial resistance are not yet available in structural databases like PDB. (ijpsr.com)
  • The compositional and structural differences of the LytTR domain of AgrA proteins between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were analyzed in our study. (ijpsr.com)
  • Our findings emphasize the importance of sORFs present in the genomes of pathogenic bacteria and underscore the utility of ribosome profiling for identifying the bacterial translatome. (biomed.news)
  • We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
  • The chromosomal arrangement of emm subfamily genes reveals 5 major emm patterns, designated as emm patterns A through E. An example of the usefulness of emm typing is described by McGregor et al. (medscape.com)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • To aid attachment, both EPEC and EHEC possess the ability to reorganise the host cell actin cytoskeleton via the secretion of virulence factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the virulence factors secreted is the Translocated Intimin Receptor (Tir). (wikipedia.org)
  • S. aureus has high rates of transmission and increased levels of antimicrobial drug resistance and produces many virulence factors ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although their functions have not been extensively investigated, some sRNAs are known to regulate virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been discovered that a large number of bacterial species produce many virulence factors and form biofilms, which are regulated by the cell to cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS) 7-9 . (ijpsr.com)
  • these virulence factors are broadly grouped as fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, siderophores, somatic ("O") antigens and capsular ("K") antigens. (scirp.org)
  • Subsequently, the bacteria move to the xylem vessels of the plants to express their virulence factors. (ppjonline.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that bacterial factors have a sufficiently strong influence on disease progression that even a small-scale GWAS can identify them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Progression to clinical disease depends in part upon diet, environment and host factors [ 2 , 3 ] as well as the genotypes of the bacteria [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that the colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries in humans, since they are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the presence of S. mutans in individuals with low caries experiences could be explained by differences in bacterial virulence factors or endogenous factors within the host populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the prevalence of the PMQR determinant genes was also investigated. (researchsquare.com)
  • They then looked at tropic variants and noticed a 134 bp repeat sequence within the mtd (major tropism determinant) locus, which is repeated in an adjacent brt locus encoding a Bordetella reverse transcriptase enzyme. (the-scientist.com)
  • We have uncovered a cell wall-based heme acquisition system in B. anthracis with similarities to the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) locus in S. aureus. (bcm.edu)
  • We identified 30 loci that predict tolerance, many of which are in genes involved in the regulation of immunity and metabolism. (datadryad.org)
  • intriguing why these three genes are placed under BsaN/BicA regulation by the bacterium. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Accordingly, the specific aims of this application are: 1) In vitro mechanistic studies on virulence gene regulation by tryptophan derivatives. (grantome.com)
  • 3) Serotonin regulation of bacterial virulence in the murine GI tract. (grantome.com)
  • Extensive regulation by σS of genes involved in metabolism and membrane composition, and down-regulation of the respiratory chain functions, were important features of the σS effects on gene transcription that might confer fitness advantages to bacterial cells and/or populations under starving conditions. (hal.science)
  • 3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
  • In several ongoing collaborations, we are investigating how the genomes of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections change over time. (drexel.edu)
  • In particular, gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of siderophores aerobactin ( iuc ) and salmochelin ( iro ) are associated with invasive disease and are common amongst hypervirulent K . pneumoniae clones that cause severe community-associated infections such as liver abscess and pneumonia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E. coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a common cause for urinary tract infections (including kidney infections), bloodstream infection, intra-abdominal infections like peritonitis, skin & soft tissue infections, neonatal meningitis and foodborne infections. (iith.ac.in)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
  • Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language and disrupting virulence expression could serve as a viable alternative. (ijpsr.com)
  • Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language or QS and disrupting virulence expression could serve as an alternative way to inhibit growth 15-18 . (ijpsr.com)
  • The bacteria accounts for a great majority of hospital associated infections in neonates, immunocompromised patients, patients undergoing respiratory therapies and patients hospitalized in urology and burn wards. (scirp.org)
  • Since many of these virulence systems are similar in the mechanism of action to those of bacteria which cause more common infections, knowledge garnered herein is applicable to their understanding as well. (bcm.edu)
  • Vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous marine bacterium that is responsible for infections and some seafood-related illnesses and deaths in the United States, mainly in individuals with compromised health status in the Gulf of Mexico region. (ifremer.fr)
  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, autosomal recessive lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population, resulting from a malfunctioned cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and leading to bacterial lung infections. (marshall.edu)
  • Several S. aureus small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate virulence. (cdc.gov)
  • The bacterially produced tryptophan derivative indole is known to influence intestinal barrier function, and has also been shown to regulate virulence gene expression in EHEC. (grantome.com)
  • IglA is a 21 kDa protein encoded by a gene that is part of an iglABCD operon located on the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We recently described a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) harboring several genes necessary for intracellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beattie, G. A. & Lindow, S. E. Bacterial colonization of leaves: a spectrum of strategies. (nature.com)
  • Nevertheless, nearly all persons contaminated with stay asymptomatic [2] and, although a number of strain-specific elements have already been determined which are markers for the differential medical result of colonization [6-9] possibly, we presently come with an incomplete knowledge of the bacterial elements involved in development to ulceration or even more serious disease. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Conclusions: The partial sequencing of the gtfB gene can be a useful tool for elucidating the colonization patterns of S. mutans . (bvsalud.org)
  • Caries is an infectious and transmissible disease associated with bacterial colonization of dental surfaces 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, this isolate has a horizontally acquired gene chimera that encodes a novel fusion protein with isopentyltransferase and phosphoribohydrolase domains, predicted to be capable of catalyzing and activating cytokinins, respectively. (usda.gov)
  • FabT, encoded in the FASII main locus, is the repressor, and it is activated by long-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP). (bvsalud.org)
  • The accessory gene regulator ( agr ), a well-studied QS system, controls the expression of a series of virulence-associated protein genes in some Gram-positive bacteria 19, 20 . (ijpsr.com)
  • [ 4 ] The emm gene encodes the M protein. (medscape.com)
  • The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We have used this method to map an operon involved in intracellular invasion of airway epithelial cells, a trait with implications for chronic infection, bacterial persistence, and trafficking of cells to different body sites. (drexel.edu)
  • The AcpB-encoding gene is in operon with plsX encoding an acyl-ACP:phosphate acyltransferase. (bvsalud.org)
  • To identify genes in EPS production beyond the EPS biosynthetic gene operon, we selected the EPS-defective mutants of R. pseudosolanacearum strain SL341 from Tn5-inserted mutant pool. (ppjonline.org)
  • We then performed a genomewide association study to map the genetic basis of variation in resistance to and tolerance of infection by the bacterium Providencia rettgeri. (datadryad.org)
  • As part of the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) studies, scientists have collected large numbers of bacteria of the species S. pneumoniae from ear infection (otitis media) and asymptomatic carriage. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • We report here gene expression changes in both Arabidopsis and its parasite Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) simultaneously during infection using a high-throughput RNA sequencing method. (prelekara.sk)
  • Here, we discuss the latest developments using zebrafish models of bacterial and fungal infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes , a beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to Lancefield serogroup A, also known as the group A streptococci (GAS), causes a wide variety of diseases in humans. (medscape.com)
  • While free-floating planktonic bacteria can be properly cleared from the CF lung, P. aeruginosa , along with alginate production, establishes an infection in the form of a biofilm which supports its survival in nature and in vivo . (marshall.edu)
  • agr P2 drives the synthesis of RNA II, which encodes Agr ABCD, the structural components of the QS system, while agr P3 leads to the synthesis of RNA III which encodes delta-hemolysin 20 but also acts as a regulatory RNA that controls the expression of a series of virulence genes transcriptionally or translationally 21 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Through CpxA, both serotonin and indole decrease expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC, which encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS), effectors and an adhesin necessary for EHEC to form lesions on enterocytes leading to intestinal disease. (grantome.com)
  • In addition, IGS sequencing (e.g., sequencing of intergenic regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes) has been used to taxonomy studies, while partial sequencing of the gene gtfB , which encodes the enzyme glucosyltransferase B, has been used to investigate enzymatic activity and virulence 11-12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
  • Working with Brian Spratt and his group we use MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing) in which a few genes are sequenced as representative of the rest of the genome, for the purposes of strain definition. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • An established Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) method was also performed. (ifremer.fr)
  • Our current understanding of the underlying biochemical pathways responsible for biosynthesis of these exopolysaccharides is largely limited to Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
  • In this work, we identify a gene cluster, which we name ccsABZHI , for the C lostridial c ellulose s ynthase, which bears remarkable similarity to molecular machinery required for the production of cellulose biofilms in other Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • One of the current strategies is to attenuate virulence gene expression of agr quorum sensing system of some Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of AgrA_ P2/P3 interaction. (ijpsr.com)
  • The first three genes, ba-isdC, x1, and x2, contain NEAT (near iron transporter) domains, a conserved structural motif present in greater than 50 different Gram-positive bacteria. (bcm.edu)
  • Ba-IsdC is anchored to the cell wall by sortase (SrtB), a ubiquitous family of transpeptidases in Gram-positive bacteria which covalently append surface proteins to the peptidoglycan. (bcm.edu)
  • Francisella tularensis is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent of tularemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • F. tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium capable of survival and replication in macrophages [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptomyces , the dominating genus of the actinobacteria phylum, are Gram-positive and mostly facultative aerobic, soil bacteria that possess a vast number of genes encoding Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), providing a multifaceted repertoire of enzymes for deconstruction of complex structural carbohydrates of high recalcitrance. (nature.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are surface glycolipids that are tightly associated with the outer leaflet of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of a complex glycan structure covalently bound to a lipid anchor (lipid A). A conserved core oligosaccharide is linked to lipid A via 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, and in the case of this core has been shown to consist of mannose, allosamine, glycerol, and phosphoethanolamine (7). (oscars2019info.com)
  • The RpoS/σS sigma subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP) controls a global adaptive response that allows many Gram-negative bacteria to survive starvation and various stresses. (hal.science)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. (ukessays.com)
  • The bacteria is gram negative, rod shaped and aerobic belongs to the bacterial family of pseudomonadanceae. (ukessays.com)
  • The disease is caused by a coccobacillus-shaped, gram negative bacterium referred to as Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
  • Tir is also a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that initiates its intimate adherence by inserting a hairpin orientation in the intestinal cell membrane to enable tight binding to intimin on the bacterial cell outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • Phospholipids, essential bacterial membrane components, are composed of a polar head and apolar fatty acid (FA) chains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its deletion impacts membrane FA composition and bacterial adhesion to eucaryotic cells, highlighting the importance of FASII control. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importance Membrane composition is crucial for bacterial growth or interaction with the environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacteria synthesize fatty acids (FAs), membrane major constituents, via the Type II FAS (FASII) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also, AcpB deletion has consequences on the membrane FA composition and bacterial adhesion to host cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified the bacterial membrane bound histidine sensor kinase (HK) CpxA as a sensor of serotonin and indole. (grantome.com)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • Selection for recombinants that acquired the trait, followed by genome-wide profiling of donor-specific allele frequencies, we can rapidly identify the relevant genes. (drexel.edu)
  • Data from: Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Loci Associated with Plant Growth and Forage Production under Salt Stress in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we used a diverse panel of 198 alfalfa accessions for mapping loci associated with plant growth and forage production under salt stress using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (usda.gov)
  • In the present study, we used genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association to identify marker loci associated with biomass yield under drought in the field in a panel of diverse germplasm of alfalfa. (usda.gov)
  • Additional alginate loci were located within the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome utilizing isogenic mucoid mutants coupled with PAO1-derived cosmid complementation. (marshall.edu)
  • Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
  • Bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are known to oxidize the most abundant and recalcitrant polymers in Nature, namely cellulose and chitin. (nature.com)
  • They identified the prn gene, encoding the adhesin pertactin, as essential for tropism, and were able to isolate bacteriophage variants with different tropisms, implying a mechanism of tropic switching. (the-scientist.com)
  • By resequencing Hpa isolate Waco9, we found it evades Arabidopsis resistance gene RPP1 through deletion of cognate recognized effector ATR1. (prelekara.sk)
  • The MIC of antibiotics to biofilm-growing bacteria may be up to 1000-fold higher than that of planktonic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • In the laboratory, bacteria become highly resistant to antibiotics when nutrients are limited in the media. (medscape.com)
  • Quorum sensing is mediated by the accessory gene regulator agr , and RNAIII is the effector ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As with bopE and bopC, no roles were observed for the BsaN-regulated effector candidate loci BPSS1513-1514 in cell-based virulence assays. (mirnaarray.com)
  • 2013) In planta effector competition assays detect Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis effectors that contribute to virulence and localize to different plant subcellular compartments. (prelekara.sk)
  • Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
  • Clostridia have been reported to form biofilms composed of cellulose, although the specific loci which encode the cellulose synthase have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • With the emergence of a so called "post-antibiotic era", there is a need to focus on new drug targets, such as the bacterial capsule. (iith.ac.in)
  • Also, SATURN had as mission to improve methodological standards and conduct research to better understand the impact of antibiotic use on acquisition, selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in different environments, by combining state-of-the-art analyses of molecular, ecologic and individual patient-level data. (europa.eu)
  • From a medical point of view, they are interesting because they can generate new combinations of genes associated with antibiotic resistance or virulence. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The planktonic cells grow very rapidly whereas the bacterial adhering takes some time to form biofilm in other case. (ukessays.com)
  • The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)
  • In humans, genes are inherited from two parents. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • F. novicida is closely related to F. tularensis but has low virulence for humans while being highly virulent in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptococci control the expression of the FASII genes via a transcriptional repressor, FabT, with acyl-acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) as corepressor. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the agr locus, there are two divergent transcription units driven by promoters agr P2 and agrP3 . (ijpsr.com)
  • The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
  • Addtionally, alginate alone was enough to modify the ability to colonize a susceptible mouse lung, resulting in varied mortality and virulence. (marshall.edu)
  • In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
  • Biofilms are community structures of bacteria enmeshed in a self-produced matrix of exopolysaccharides. (biorxiv.org)
  • Additionally, the SL341P4 mutant exhibited reduced disease severity and incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato plants compared to the wild-type SL341 without alteration of bacterial multiplication. (ppjonline.org)
  • however, which genes synthesize the different surface polysaccharides is not clear. (oscars2019info.com)
  • This bacterium is a commensal organism (part of the normal microflora), but it can also infect the body at various sites. (cdc.gov)
  • The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria that play crucial roles in human physiology. (grantome.com)
  • Here, we report the discovery of a gene cluster, which we named ccsABZCD , among selected bacteria within class Clostridia that appears to encode a synthase complex responsible for polymerization, modification, and export of an O-acetylated cellulose exopolysaccharide. (biorxiv.org)
  • Deletion mutants in (PG1138) and (PG2119) lack A-LPS and have less gingipain activity, indicating an involvement of these loci in A-LPS biosynthesis (13, 14). (oscars2019info.com)
  • To investigate the response of LuxS01 and wild type strain to exogenously added AI-2, cells from Venetoclax in vitro experiments A and B were harvested in late exponential phase for RNA extraction and microarray gene expression analysis. (hsdpathway.com)
  • In this study, by comparing the expression of FabT-controlled genes in an acpB-deleted mutant with those in a wild-type and in a fabT mutant strain, grown in the presence or absence of exogenous FAs, we show that AcpB is the S. pyogenes FabT main corepressor. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sequences at these genes can easily be compared to others over the internet, making this an ideal tool for global epidemiology. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In fact, as reported by Drancourt et al (2004), genotyping performed on bacteria derived from the remains of plague victims of the first two epidemics revealed sequences similar to that of Orientalis. (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia (klah-MID-e-a) are obligate intracellular bacteria that are propagated and maintained through a phylum defining bi-phasic developmental cycle. (ku.edu)
  • A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)
  • The capsule is composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides non-covalently attached to the bacterial surface. (iith.ac.in)
  • Genes in the PG0104-PG0121 locus have been shown to be required for K1 capsule synthesis (19, 20). (oscars2019info.com)
  • Once Tir binds intimin, the bacterium is attached to the enterocyte surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)