Virulence bacterial toxins. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood and a possible role for prophages in driving virulence of coral pathogens, as is the case for V. cholerae , has not yet been considered. (nature.com)
Similar to other bacterial pathogens, multi-drug resistant (MDR) and even extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi strains are spreading globally, which are anticipated to worsen the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever if new interventions are not implemented. (google.com)
We use a multidisciplinary approach integrating data & computational science, cell biology, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, glycobiology, immunology, structural biology (cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography), and murine models to decipher the interactions between the host and (drug-resistant) bacterial pathogens. (google.com)
The molecular strategies that bacterial and viral pathogens use to colonize the human body and cause disease will be studied. (sfu.ca)
Using cryo electron microscopy, crystallography, and microbial genetics techniques, the MEM and PATBAC groups of IBS, in collaboration with the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, solved the structure (at approximately 3.5 Å resolution) of two secretins from the emerging pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila and characterized the mechanism for their assembly on the bacterial membrane. (ibs.fr)
Since the secretin-pilotin interface is essential for the virulence of many pathogens, it could be an original target for the development of new inhibitors of infections caused by bacteria. (ibs.fr)
Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. (whiterose.ac.uk)
This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host-pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. (whiterose.ac.uk)
The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Persistent surveillance and characterization of enteric ETEC isolates are vital for tracking the community presence of MDR bacterial species in order to recommend effective treatment strategies and help mitigate the spread of resistant pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
It is imperative that both archived and current bacterial isolates from underdeveloped regions undergo extensive MDR characterization to inform national strategies designed to halt the continuing spread of these dangerous pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology of these pathogens, their virulence mechanisms, and the host's response to infection. (cshlpress.com)
The host specificity of bacterial pathogens and the genetic basis of susceptibility are also considered. (cshlpress.com)
Whilst many bacterial pathogens are intracellular in nature, others do not need to invade the host cell, but instead use various secretion processes which effect the delivery of toxins and other virulence factors into the host cell. (immunology.org)
This is due to the unique virulence factor s produced by individual pathogens, which determine the extent and severity of disease they may cause. (pressbooks.pub)
Overall my research aims to elucidate how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are able to successfully cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)
Important bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. (lu.se)
Distinct pathogens use a diverse arsenal of molecular weapons to establish infection, designated virulence factors. (lu.se)
Emerging Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Newly identified bacterial, mycobacterial, mycotic, and actinomycotic pathogens and known pathogens with unusual patterns of drug resistance constitute the focus of the Emerging Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Branch. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory sections serve as international resources to identify and characterize bacterial and fungal pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus . (nature.com)
Multiple virulence factors contribute to the pathogenicity of STEC. (cdc.gov)
Our focus is on two S. Typhi's virulence factors, typhoid toxin and Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS). (google.com)
Emphasis will be placed on the specific microbes and their virulence factors, secretion systems, toxins and surface adhesions. (sfu.ca)
Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms for delivering toxins and other virulence factors into the interior of host cells. (vanderbilt.edu)
Studying the molecular structures of these virulence factors alone and in complex with host receptors, membranes, and inhibitors can lend insight into how these delivery processes occur and how these processes can be exploited or prevented. (vanderbilt.edu)
Elucidating the molecular structures and functions of these virulence factors alone and in complex with host receptors and membranes will reveal vital information about fundamental mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis. (vanderbilt.edu)
In addition to its role in protein degradation ClpP is also a global regulator in the production of bacterial toxins - termed virulence factors - that are mainly responsible for the disease-causing effect of bacteria. (mpg.de)
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and association of virulence factors of Escherichia (E.) coli isolated from weaned piglets with diarrhea and to correlate it with fecal consistency. (scielo.br)
Beta-hemolysis was observed in 47.4% of samples and there was significant association between hemolytic samples and virulence factors F4, F18, STa and STx2e. (scielo.br)
Alternative approaches have involved the modulation of virulence factors, elements that contribute to infection in vivo but are not essential for growth of the organism in vitro. (ispub.com)
Most attempts along this path have targeted individual virulence factors, such as pili or toxins, but these approaches have suffered from a limited spectrum of activity. (ispub.com)
The targeting of regulatory mechanisms that could affect multiple virulence factors simultaneously may offer an alternative approach. (ispub.com)
Background: Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2) is one of the most important virulence factors in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains such as O157H7. (usda.gov)
ETEC virulence factors, specifically enterotoxins and colonization factors (CFs), were detected using multiplex PCR, and prevalence in the total isolate population was compared to ESBL-positive isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
ETEC attaches to and colonizes cells in the small intestine along the epithelial surface through the interaction of bacterial colonization factors (CFs) with the intestinal cell wall [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When a pathogenic microorganism ( bacterium , viru s or protozoal parasite ) infects the human body, a battle ensues between the host's innate & adaptive immune systems and the pathogen's assorted virulence mechanisms and factors . (immunology.org)
causative of melioidosis or glanders ) have multiple secretion processes through which they deliver virulence factors into the host cell. (immunology.org)
Which of the following virulence factors would be found in Staphylococcus aureus? (swirlzcupcakes.com)
RESULTS: We found a striking increase in the overall abundance and expression of both virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes in COVID-19. (uni.lu)
A pathogen's virulence factors are encoded by genes that can be identified using molecular Koch's postulates. (pressbooks.pub)
When genes encoding virulence factors are inactivated, virulence in the pathogen is diminished. (pressbooks.pub)
In this section, we examine various types and specific examples of virulence factors and how they contribute to each step of pathogenesis. (pressbooks.pub)
Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
Therefore, in our study, E. coli complex, multi-factorial mechanism involv- isolates from diarrhoeal cases were ana- ing a large number of virulence factors that lysed using specific DNA probes for genes vary with pathotype. (who.int)
Phage display of environmental protein toxins and virulence factors reveals the prevalence, persistence, and genetics of antibody responses. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial cell wall components and toxins, for example, are well-known virulence factors for sepsis that directly contribute to the profound dysregulation of the immune response. (lu.se)
Enhanced understanding of pathogen derived virulence attributes can facilitate development of novel anti-infectives aimed at distinct virulence factors. (lu.se)
Pertussis: Although no immunologic correlates of protection have yet been identified for pertussis, IgG antibody levels against four virulence factors (pertussis toxin (PT), fimbriae (FIM), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN)) are used to assess immunogenicity following vaccination and disease (Mattoo, et al. (cdc.gov)
Genetic and immunologic studies have helped branch researchers evaluate specific disease-causing factors in organisms such as those causing Brazilian purpuric fever and bacterial meningitis and have paved the way for the development of vaccines to prevent these and other diseases. (cdc.gov)

Glycan-Mediated Molecular Interactions in Bacterial Pathogenesis. (google.com)
Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
However, most of the genes from the cluster have an unknown role in bacterial pathogenesis, so there is much more to discover about how this bacterium infects onion. (apsnet.org)
Jarzab M, Posselt G, Meisner-Kober N, Wessler S . Helicobacter pylori -derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs): role in bacterial pathogenesis? (plus.ac.at)
Bacterial pathogenesis is triggered by complex molecular mechanisms that sense bacterial density within an infected host and induce the expression of toxins for overriding the immune response. (cipsm.de)
The bacteria which cause infection in human are called bacterial pathogenesis. (longdom.org)
In bacterial host mediated pathogenesis, (e.g., tuberculosis), tissue damage results from the toxic mediators released by lymphoid cells rather than from bacterial toxins. (longdom.org)
This laboratory assay was performed in the Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA for analysis. (cdc.gov)

These prized vegetables are currently threatened by the bacterial pathogen Pantoea ananatis, which severely damages the plant by rotting the onion bulbs and leaves. (apsnet.org)
The plant toxin p antaphos , produced by the P. ananatis pathogen, causes the rotting symptoms in onion. (apsnet.org)
The lab developed a clever assay to isolate the toxin from the pathogen. (apsnet.org)
Another serious human pathogen, Bacillus anthracis, causative of anthrax , has well-developed virulence mechanisms involving the secretion of three proteins, one of which, protective antigen (PA), binds host cell receptors to effect entry of either lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). (immunology.org)
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human-specific bacterial pathogen that causes a wide array of manifestations ranging from mild localized infections to life-threatening invasive infections. (nih.gov)
How does the virulence factor hyaluronidase benefit a pathogen? (swirlzcupcakes.com)
The determinants of virulence of a pathogen are any of its genetic or biochemical or structural features that enable it to produce disease in a host. (longdom.org)
For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
The bacterial pathogen most is an important public health issue. (who.int)

We investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in hospitalized diarrhea patients in Calcutta, India, as well as in healthy domestic cattle and raw beef samples collected from the city's abattoir. (cdc.gov)
The first documented U.S. outbreak of diarrhea due to infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) belonging to the serotype O157:H7 occurred in 1982 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
We determined whether Gram-negative bacterial molecules are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology given that previous studies demonstrate Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid and Gram-negative bacteria have been reported as the predominant bacteria found in normal human brains. (neurology.org)
CDC is monitoring a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 (STEC O104:H4) infections ongoing in Germany. (cdc.gov)
Shiga toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC or VTEC) causes serious gastrointestinal infections in humans, including diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, and may lead to life-threatening sequelae such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (edu.au)

It is a toxin secreted by the bacteria to influence the host immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Toxins from many known gram-negative pathogenic bacteria are in the RTX family. (wikipedia.org)
In V. cholerae , CTXφ prophage transmits toxin genes among the bacteria that express the TCP prophage receptor. (nature.com)
Bacteria have developed different secretion systems that allow them to secrete toxins to the outside of the cell. (ibs.fr)
To sustain their virulence mechanisms, many bacteria can sequester free iron in the mammalian host, through the elaboration of iron-binding siderophores. (immunology.org)
Quorum sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in bacteria where the accumulation of extracellular signaling molecules (autoinducers, AIs), which enable bacterial cells to sense neighboring cells (population density), reaches certain threshold and triggers group behaviors of bacteria including virulence production and biofilm formation. (umd.edu)
The inhibition of QS and hence toxin production or biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria has been suggested as an alternative strategy to deal with the problem of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics. (umd.edu)
From nature, Bacterial Toxins , as biological toxins (biotoxins) , are toxic substances to our body, formed in or elaborated by bacterium (bacteria) . (wellnessadvocate.com)

Various virulence genes in the STEC isolates indicated that stx1 allele predominated. (cdc.gov)
As of July 5, 2011, case counts confirmed by Germany's Robert Koch Institute include 852 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)-a type of kidney failure that is associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, or STEC, infections-and 32 HUS-associated deaths. (cdc.gov)
Management of patients with STEC disease can be challenging, particularly since conventional antibiotic therapy is contraindicated because it is believed to increase the risk of complications by promoting release of Shiga toxin by STEC in the gut. (edu.au)
E. coli expressing Shiga-like toxin (STEC) are a major bacterial food contaminant, and responsible for several recent deadly outbreaks. (usda.gov)
Shiga-like toxin (Stx) is a critical virulence factor in these STEC outbreaks. (usda.gov)
This study will contribute to our understanding of Shiga-like toxins, STEC, and the diseases they cause. (usda.gov)
The historically large 2011 German outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), caused by a Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) of the serotype O104:H4, illustrated the emerging importance of non-O157 STEC. (umassmed.edu)

A large proportion of the toxin remains associated with the bacterium exterior proteins, mainly filamentous haemagglutinin, but these toxin molecules are not active. (wikipedia.org)
Besides attachment to bacterial proteins, aggregation also inactivates the toxin. (wikipedia.org)
It plays an important role in bacterial metabolism by ensuring the controlled degradation of defective proteins. (mpg.de)
Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
We designed and constructed a library of 95,601 56- amino acid peptide tiles spanning 14,430 proteins with "toxin" or " virulence factor " keyword annotations. (bvsalud.org)

In Vibrio cholerae , infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. (nature.com)
This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
Current research in the Lacy laboratory is primarily focused on the structure and function of large clostridial cytotoxins, including the two toxins responsible for symptoms in Clostridium difficile infection. (vanderbilt.edu)
Structural biology is combined with cellular, tissue, and animal models of intoxication and infection to understand the toxin-host interaction at the molecular level. (vanderbilt.edu)
Here, we have shown that the allelic variation that results from this recombination event, which replaces the chromosomal region encoding secreted NADase and streptolysin O, is the key driver of increased toxin production and enhanced infection severity of the M1 pandemic strains. (jci.org)
This article is about treatment of bacterial infection. (wikipedia.org)
Botulism may occur without infection if toxin is ingested, injected, or inhaled. (msdmanuals.com)
staphylococcal or Bacillus cereus food poisoning), toxins are produced by organisms during the course of infection. (msdmanuals.com)

Microbes express their pathogenicity by means of their virulence. (longdom.org)
A cluster of virulence genes encoded on a pathogenicity island is responsible for the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes . (pressbooks.pub)

viruses and viral infections with an emphasis on replication strategies, host and tissue specificity, effects of viruses on cells (cell death, transformation, latency), and determinants of viral virulence. (edu.au)

For example, in chronic skin wounds, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence is activated by Gram-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus . (asmblog.org)
Here, Pseudomonas senses the presence of peptidoglycan shed by Staphylococcus , which results in enhanced production of the toxin pyocyanin. (asmblog.org)

Bacterial isolates from four HUS cases reported in Arizona (1), Massachusetts (1), Michigan (1) and Wisconsin (1), and two cases with diarrheal illness reported in Michigan (1) and North Carolina (1), have all been confirmed as matching the outbreak strain. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, CDC is working with state health departments to learn more about suspect cases and obtain bacterial isolates for further characterization. (cdc.gov)
Isolates were screened for presence different toxins and 2 (2.2%) isolates were of genes encoding LT and ST enterotoxins, positive with all 4 DNA probes. (who.int)
This was an observational descriptive retrospective study with convenience sampling in which 778 bacterial isolates causing FBD were studied. (bvsalud.org)

Mechanisms of typhoid toxin neutralization by antibodies targeting glycan receptor binding and nuclease subunits. (google.com)
A lack of comprehensive surveillance programs may result in the unchecked spread of MDR Gram-negative bacterial species and their associated resistance mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Although antibiotics and vaccines control their prevalence to some extent, the emergence of new virulence mechanisms and new forms of resistance to antibacterial agents makes research in this field critical to understanding and controlling infectious diseases. (cshlpress.com)
Other chapters are devoted to the pathogenic mechanisms of specific bacterial species (e.g. (cshlpress.com)
Virulence generally involves the employment of various mechanisms to destroy, or cause the malfunction of, host cells. (immunology.org)
Thus to protect itself from such virulence mechanisms, the host cell fights back by synthesising siderocalin receptors which competitively bind iron. (immunology.org)
We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)
Endotoxin triggers humoral enzymatic mechanisms involving the complement, clotting, fibrinolytic, and kinin pathways and causes much of the morbidity in gram-negative bacterial sepsis. (msdmanuals.com)

Bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Vero cell assay were performed to detect and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the Shiga toxins produced by the strains. (cdc.gov)
Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). (frontiersin.org)
It is therefore suggested that extracts from Turnera ulmifolia could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying activity, constituting a new weapon against the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics demonstrated in MRSA strains. (springer.com)
Using isoallelic mutant strains, we found that 3 polymorphisms in this toxin gene region increase resistance to killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increase bacterial proliferation, and increase virulence in animal models of pharyngitis and necrotizing fasciitis. (jci.org)
Genome sequencing of an additional 1,125 streptococcal strains and virulence studies revealed that a highly similar recombinational replacement event underlies an ongoing intercontinental epidemic of serotype M89 group A Streptococcus infections. (jci.org)
A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)

Antibiotics are still the most important weapon to fight bacterial infections. (mpg.de)
It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections , and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent bacterial infections, [29] and sometimes protozoan infections . (wikipedia.org)
Isoindole antibacterial agents are currently used for treatment of various bacterial infections. (ispub.com)

It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)

Together with the pertussis toxin it is the most important virulence factor of the causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis. (wikipedia.org)

Antimicrobial drug susceptibility demics of cholera due to production of Method assay was performed by the disk diffu- cholera toxin ( 2 - 5 ). (who.int)

Phenotypical and molecular techniques were used for bacterial isolation, characterization and classification of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotypes. (scielo.br)
The identification of the molecular events responsible for strain emergence, enhanced virulence, and epidemicity has been a long-pursued goal in infectious diseases research. (jci.org)

Testing was also conducted to evaluate antibody levels to tetanus toxin (TT). (cdc.gov)
This assay tested antibodies to tetanus toxin (TT) and four Bordatella pertussis antigens (PT, FIM, FHA, PRN). (cdc.gov)

Traditional antibiotics exert strong selective pressure for resistance development, since they target bacterial processes essential for the growth of the organism. (ispub.com)
Resistance to the lytic effects of serum complement confers virulence. (msdmanuals.com)

One of the genes regulated by PrfA is hyl , which encodes a toxin known as listeriolysin O (LLO), which allows the bacterium to escape vacuoles upon entry into a host cell. (pressbooks.pub)

New diagnostic laboratory techniques as well as modifications of standard ones have been used by investigators to identify viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents of outbreaks of gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
Because appropriate specimen-collection methods for viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents differ, the sections below are divided into guidelines by category of agent. (cdc.gov)

What are bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots? (swirlzcupcakes.com)

Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis is a 1706 amino acid residue long protein. (wikipedia.org)
Its main pathogenic property is the production of Shiga toxin (Stx), which inhibits the protein synthesis of host cells leading to cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
This pore-forming toxin has been reported as an important protein that mediates tissue damage promoted by S. aureus . (nature.com)
An important element of many of these machines is secretin, a membrane protein that forms a pore on the bacterial surface allowing toxins to escape. (ibs.fr)

Adenylate cyclase toxin is a virulence factor produced by some members of the genus Bordetella. (wikipedia.org)
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis, also able to cause pertussis-like symptoms, also produce adenylate cyclase toxin. (wikipedia.org)
Differences between the toxins of different Bordetella species are mainly in the calcium-binding domain. (wikipedia.org)

Pneumococcal Disease As the most common bacterial cause of otitis media in children and a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in adults, Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible each year for at least one-third of the 24 million outpatient visits for otitis media and for 500,000 cases of pneumonia and meningitis in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: (1) deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious or toxic material, (2) use of microorganisms or toxins in some form of weapon system, and (3) use of biologically inoculated fabrics. (medscape.com)
DBMD and Emerging Infectious Diseases Changes in society, technology, our environment, and microorganisms themselves are affecting the occurrence of bacterial and mycotic diseases. (cdc.gov)

We here identify and characterize some of the specific bacterial targets and show a unique inhibition of the azoreductase family. (cipsm.de)

We report on the preparation of a new type of immunotoxin via in vitro ligation of the αHer2 antigen binding fragment (Fab) of the clinically-validated antibody trastuzumab to the plant toxin gelonin, employing catalysis by the bacterial enzyme sortase A (SrtA). (cipsm.de)

There are several bacterial pathogenic diseases. (longdom.org)
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (DBMD), National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is dedicated to preventing and controlling the many emerging, re-emerging, drug-resistant, and other important bacterial and mycotic diseases in the United States and around the world. (cdc.gov)

The contributors survey the various toxins and effectors that are used to hijack the cellular machinery of the host, and they explain how their production is coordinated and controlled. (cshlpress.com)
Some toxins show a encoding various toxins using hybridization strong association with specific pathotypes assay. (who.int)

Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)

Some of these animal hosted Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans through consumption of contaminated food or water ( Galanis, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
The responsible strain shares virulence characteristics with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). (cdc.gov)
Another class of heat-stable toxin, entero- to standard procedures [15] and used them aggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin for this study. (who.int)

Delivery, structure, and function of bacterial genotoxins. (google.com)

The data show that Gram-negative bacterial molecules are associated with AD neuropathology. (neurology.org)

Toxins , 2021, 13: 592. (plus.ac.at)

The aim of the study is to present the database of bacterial genetic profiles and analyze outbreaks of FBD using PFGE. (bvsalud.org)

Botulism Botulism is poisoning that is due to Clostridium botulinum toxin and that affects the peripheral nerves. (msdmanuals.com)

A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)

Neutralization of typhoid toxin by alpaca-derived, single-domain antibodies targeting the PltB and CdtB subunits. (google.com)
However, capsule-specific opsonic antibodies can bind to the bacterial capsule and facilitate phagocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Antibodies levels ≥0.01 IU/mL as measured by in vivo toxin neutralization assays are generally considered protective (Borrow, et al. (cdc.gov)

Most toxins bind to specific target cell receptors. (msdmanuals.com)

We demonstrate that bacteriophage genomes encoding toxin genes with homology to those found in pathogenic V. cholerae are integrated in V. coralliilyticus genomes. (nature.com)
Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)

The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in V. coralliilyticus is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)

Bacterial illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid fever, meningitis, and dysentery are some of the most devastating worldwide. (cshlpress.com)

This allows the bacterial cells to spread through tissue causing a. condition known as cellulitis. (swirlzcupcakes.com)

Bacterial species are usually not harmful to their hosts, although there are exceptions. (frontiersin.org)
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial species are an increasingly dangerous public health threat, and are now endemic in many areas of South Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial species are an established prominent international public health threat [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Direct IgG epitope mapping on bacterial AB toxins by cryo-EM. (google.com)
In addition to enumerating immunodominant antibody epitopes , we studied the age-dependent stability of the ToxScan profile and used a genome-wide association study to find that the MHC-II locus modulates bacterial epitope selection. (bvsalud.org)

The part of the toxin from residue 400 to the C-terminus, called hemolysin, is structurally related to a large family of bacterial toxins - RTX toxins. (wikipedia.org)

Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of V. coralliilyticus to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)

The good interaction of our isoindole derivatives showed that they can be as possible anti bacterial agents. (ispub.com)

In addition, the GtrS/GltR pair regulates the expression of toxA that encodes exotoxin A, the primary virulence factor. (nih.gov)
Among them, 194 (67.6%) samples showed at least one virulence factor, indicating that ETEC is an important etiological agent of diarrhea in weaned piglets. (scielo.br)
Hyaluronidase in snake and insect venom is thought to function as a "spreading factor" by degrading host hyaluronic acid, thus allowing spread of toxin (13). (swirlzcupcakes.com)
These target cells can be eukaryotic host cells, making the T6SS a classical virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)
More commonly, however, the target is rival bacterial cells, making the T6SS a key player in inter-bacterial competition and competitive fitness, and therefore an indirect virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)

RÉSUMÉ Au cours des dix dernières années, l'importance des souches de Vibrio cholerae non-O1 et non-O139 a été mise en avant à l'échelle mondiale. (who.int)

Anatomy16

Organisms59

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care2

Pathogens22

Factors32

Pathogenesis8

Pathogen9

Escherichia5

Bacteria8

STEC7

Proteins5

Infection8

Pathogenicity2

Determinants1

Staphylococcus2

Isolates4

Mechanisms8

Strains6

Infections4

Secretion systems1

Pertussis toxin1

Cholera Toxin1

Molecular2

Tetanus Toxin2

Resistance2

Bacterium1

Viral2

Enzymes1

Protein4

Bordetella3

Sepsis1

Microorganisms2

Identify and characterize1

Plant toxin1

Diseases2

Various toxins2

Inhibition1

Coli3

Genotoxins1

Molecules1

20211

Outbreaks1

Clostridium1

Common bacterial cause1

Antibodies3

Receptors1

Genomes2

Genetic1

Pneumonia1

Tissue1

Species3

Epitope2

Hemolysin1

Genome1

Interaction1

Factor5

Vibrio1