Virology 1997 virus particles diarrhea virus 1 bovine viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

Another extraintestinal avastrovirus is avian hepatitis virus which infects ducks. (wikipedia.org)
An early study documented that complexity of the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus quasispecies influenced the pathogenic potential of this virus for mice [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This was also the case for the p7 from the related virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Limited virucidal activity has been declared when there is a proven efficacy against two representatives of enveloped viruses, the vaccinia virus strain Lister Elstree (VACV) or the modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA) [ 6 ] and the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain NADL. (biomedcentral.com)
for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans, and continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Glass and Kilgore, 1997). (ijbiotech.com)
In the 1970s, the causes of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis were identified and several viruses associated with the stools of patients suffering from gastroenteritis correlated with their clinical disease. (ijbiotech.com)
Among these, rotaviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, followed by enteric adenoviruses (Blacklow et al. (ijbiotech.com)
Viral gastroenteritis is the single most important cause of diarrhea in infancy world-wide and accounts for enormous morbidity and mortality in children in both the developing and developed worlds. (stanford.edu)
Our laboratory is interested in the pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis, specifically in intestinal factors which are critical to the outcome of rotavirus infection which range from asymptomatic viral shedding to severe clinical disease. (stanford.edu)

Previous observations have shown that rotavirus has both a narrowly defined tissue tropism, essentially mature enterocytes of the intestinal villus tip, and a fairly narrow host range restriction, causing disease mainly in suckling animals and usually only with viral strains derived from the same host species. (stanford.edu)
1) Cell receptors for rotavirus are being identified and characterized by a variety of biochemical and immunological approaches. (stanford.edu)
A new simian rotavirus, designated YK-1, was isolated from a 2-year-old immunodeficient pigtailed macaque with chronic diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
YK-1 was distinguishable by electropherotype from the other simian rotavirus strains, SA11 and RRV. (biomedcentral.com)
YK-1 was identified as a Group A rotavirus belonging to subgroup 1. (biomedcentral.com)
Serotype analysis also identified YK-1 as a G3 rotavirus. (biomedcentral.com)
This newly isolated rotavirus, YK-1, is being used to establish a nonhuman primate model for studying the infectivity, immunity, and pathogenesis of rotavirus and for evaluating candidate rotavirus vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the two well-characterized simian rotavirus strains are readily available for use as a challenge virus, they have not been used consistently in nonhuman primate models of rotavirus infection because of their numerous passages in cell culture, which is a common method for viral attenuation. (biomedcentral.com)
High titers of rotavirus antigen measured by an immunoassay were consistently detected in the stools of an immunodeficient pigtailed macaque, PFm-1, which was infected naturally with rotavirus and developed severe, chronic diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
Rotavirus-like virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in stool extracts from this macaque (data not shown). (biomedcentral.com)
The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. (benthamopen.com)
Several viral infections in humans have been tracked to have animal-origin and conversely, reverse-zoonosis is also not unusual [ 1 Choudhary P, Minakshi P, Ranjan K, Basanti B. Zooanthroponotic transmission of rotavirus in Haryana State of Northern India. (benthamopen.com)
Molecular characterization of unusual bovine rotavirus A strains having high genetic relatedness with human rotavirus: Evidence for zooanthroponotic transmission. (benthamopen.com)

5) Mucosal immunity and protection from enteric viral pathogens. (stanford.edu)
Pestiviruses account for important diseases in animals such as Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhoea / Mucosal disease (BVD/MD). According to the current O.I.E. list CSF and BVD/MD are notifiable diseases and eradication programms are administered in many countries worldwide. (bionity.com)

Cattle with neurologic signs are vigilantly screened to keep the food chain free of zoonotic pathogens, such as rabies virus, Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Answers to several sets of related and fundamental questions (summarized in Box 3-1 ) are imperative to facilitate the understanding of indicators of waterborne pathogens and emerging infectious diseases. (nationalacademies.org)

Using viral metagenomics of brain tissue from a young adult crossbreed steer with acute onset of neurologic disease, we sequenced the complete genome of a novel astrovirus (BoAstV-NeuroS1) that was phylogenetically related to an ovine astrovirus. (cdc.gov)
The genus Avastrovirus comprises three species: Chicken astrovirus (Avian nephritis virus types 1 - 3), Duck astrovirus (Duck astrovirus C-NGB), and Turkey astrovirus (Turkey astrovirus 1). (wikipedia.org)
The genus Mamastrovirus includes Bovine astroviruses 1 and 2, Human astrovirus (types 1-8), Feline astrovirus 1, Porcine astrovirus 1, Mink astrovirus 1 and Ovine astrovirus 1. (wikipedia.org)

Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
Ample data is available in support of the emergence of new viruses or virus strains which have established in uncommon host species or exhibiting species jumping, making their survival in the bionetwork conceivable. (benthamopen.com)

Avastrovirus 1-3 are associated with enteric infections in turkeys, ducks, chicken and guinea fowl. (wikipedia.org)
However, in contrast to other enteric viruses, there isn't villous supply. (wikipedia.org)
In Iran, enteric Adenoviruses are responsible for 6.7% of the diarrhea that leads to hospitalization (Saderi et al. (ijbiotech.com)
These viruses included rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs). (ijbiotech.com)

Astroviridae is a family of non-enveloped ssRNA viruses that cause infections in different animals. (wikipedia.org)
Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "Cold War" has not ended. (cdc.gov)
An important way to prevent infections encompasses disinfection measures to interrupt transmission by the inactivation of the virus on instruments, surfaces and in biological materials [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The DIAPOPS assay presented in this study can provide a rapid, sensitive, specific and economic method for detection of viral infections. (ijbiotech.com)
While more research is needed to determine the full extent of BHT's antiviral properties, these findings suggest that it may have potential as a treatment for viral infections. (earthclinic.com)

Astroviruses were first identified in humans in 1975 from the stool of children with diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
However, in mink and humans, astroviruses can cause diarrhea and can be fatal. (wikipedia.org)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)

These viral particles are usually detected in epithelial cells of the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)

Viral RNA as well as viral proteins interact with different components of the host cell, acting as key determinants of viral pathogenesis. (bionity.com)
In depth knowledge of the molecular basis of the viral cycle is needed to control viral pathogenesis and disease spreading. (bionity.com)
However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)

Evidence that the amantadine-induced, M2-mediated conversion of influenza A virus hemagglutinin to the low pH conformation occurs in an acidic trans Golgi compartment. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Important prototypes of this family comprise human herpesviruses, such as Human herpesvirus (HHV)-1 and -2 (known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2), and animal herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
BHT has demonstrated antiviral capabilities against viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (earthclinic.com)
It is effective against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and HIV. (earthclinic.com)

Astroviruses are small, nonenveloped, positive single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of 6.4-7.3 kb. (cdc.gov)
Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). (bionity.com)
Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (bionity.com)
Coronavirus (CoV) genome replication takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment, and starts with the translation of the genome to produce the viral replicase. (bionity.com)
Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants. (benthamopen.com)

Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches. (benthamopen.com)

It was licensed in the United States in February 2006 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended for routine use in infants by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in August 2006 Footnote 1 and by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics. (canada.ca)

HAstV-PS was the only virus detected, and astrocyte infection was confirmed by anticapsid antibody staining ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Birds infected by avian nephritis virus typically die within 3 weeks of infection. (wikipedia.org)
The viral particles can be detected in fecal matter within 2 days and peak virus shedding occurs 4-5 days after infection. (wikipedia.org)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
Glycoprotein D is essential for virus penetration into permissive cells and thus is a major target for virus neutralizing antibodies during infection. (biomedcentral.com)
BoHV-5 infection occurs at the same potential entry sites as BoHV-1, i.e. nasal cavity, eyes, oropharynx and genital tract. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroinvasion of BoHV-1 usually does not progress beyond the first order neuron located in the trigeminal ganglion, where the latent infection is established, whereas BoHV-5 can infect different regions of the brain causing lethal encephalitis in young animals (reviewed in Zajac et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)

MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 2000;49(RR-10):1-125. (cdc.gov)

We wanted to isolate and characterize a new simian virus that is with low passage number in cell culture to be used as a challenge virus in nonhuman primates. (biomedcentral.com)

Rotaviruses have a wide host range and can be recovered from many animal species [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the viral RNA segments extracted from a stool specimen from PFm-1 revealed an electrophoretic pattern consistent with other rotaviruses, except for a lower intensity of segment 11 and an additional segment migrating slightly slower than segments 7, 8, and 9 (data not shown). (biomedcentral.com)
Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread. (benthamopen.com)

After optimization of the DIAPOPS conditions, 80 stool samples from children with clinical manifestation of viral diarrhea were tested. (ijbiotech.com)

Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals. (benthamopen.com)

Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(1):77-82. (cdc.gov)

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17(1):53-80. (cdc.gov)

However, the number of agents achieving broad-spectrum virucidal efficacy is limited and they are not required for the inactivation of HBV such as other human blood-borne viruses since these lipophilic viruses with an envelope are characterized by lower stability than viruses without envelope [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DIVA vaccines include genetically engineered gene-deleted viruses, for example gE − virus, and subunit or vectored vaccines based on a viral envelope glycoprotein such as gD. (biomedcentral.com)
BHT is thought to disrupt the lipid envelope surrounding many viruses, preventing them from infecting host cells. (earthclinic.com)

Subcellular localization and topology of the p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Arao Y, Schmid DS, Pellett PE, Inoue N. Herpesviruses beyond HSV-1 and HSV-2. (unt.edu)
Herpesviruses constitute a large and diverse family of enveloped viruses and are composed of three subfamilies, Alpha- , Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae . (biomedcentral.com)

Cryptosporidium parvum , vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157, Norwalk virus (small round-structured viruses) and hepatitis E virus. (who.int)

Astroviruses are 28-30 nm non-enveloped viruses with T-3 icosahedral symmetry. (wikipedia.org)

The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs. (benthamopen.com)

This chapter describes basic principles of ecology and evolution for waterborne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (and yeasts and molds to a lesser extent) of public health concern as an aid to better understand how selective forces may alter one's ability to assess the microbial quality of water. (nationalacademies.org)

New strategies for vaccine development against both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 have been focused on the design of marker vaccines, which differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (also known as DIVA vaccines). (biomedcentral.com)
Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral. (benthamopen.com)

Sites involved by LCV included the colorectum (2 cases), colorectum and terminal ileum, terminal ileum only, duodenum, and jejunum (1 case each). (stanfordchildrens.org)

Mitochondrial alterations induced by the p13II protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, while animal protection and economic reasons prohibit the use of higher primates for routine tests on commercial products, the Tupaia model is expensive, the availability of hepatocytes is limited and the test requires human sera with high viral load. (biomedcentral.com)
This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and where appropriate, Human herpesvirus gD, as well as its role in viral entry and interactions with host cell receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. (bionity.com)

Subunit, DNA and vectored vaccine candidates have been developed using this glycoprotein as the primary antigen, demonstrating that gD has the capacity to induce robust virus neutralizing antibodies and strong cell-mediated immune responses, as well as protection from clinical symptoms, in target species. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent and control the clinical signs and transmission of these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, rapid sensitive and specific detection of these viruses are of clinical importance. (ijbiotech.com)

The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
Editor LIVESTOCK LINE, MARCH 2012 3 Antimicrobial Dosing Regimens: a Dynamic Challenge Vijaykumar.M1, U.Sunilchandra2 and Meera V.C3 and Shrikant kulkarni 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, KVAFSU, Veterinary College, Bidar.Karnataka. (paperzz.com)

Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)

Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)

Here we show that the ion channel activity of HCV p7 expressed in mammalian cells can substitute for that of influenza virus M2 in a cell-based assay. (microbiologyresearch.org)
There is agreement that the infectivity assay with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is a suitable surrogate test to validate disinfectants for hepatitis B virucidal activity. (biomedcentral.com)
2000). This method often yields variable results because of insufficient sensitivity and/or specificity and requires confirmation by PCR assay or virus isolation (Allard et al. (ijbiotech.com)

MMWR Recomm Rep 2002;51(RR-16):1-45, quiz CE1-4. (cdc.gov)

The present world is witnessing the emergence of new microbes where the evolution rate is much higher in viruses, making them a target of substantial interest among virologists and public health specialists. (benthamopen.com)

The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic and PAQ analysis provide adequate procedures to describe the evolution of viral sequences subjected to lethal mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The quantifications provide evidence that extinction does not imply unusual increases of intrapopulation complexity, in support of the lethal defection model of virus extinction. (biomedcentral.com)

This process occurs concomitantly with the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, caused by the expression of viral proteases. (bionity.com)

Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic methods and Partition Analysis of Quasispecies (PAQ) to monitor genetic distances and intra-population structures of mutant spectra of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) quasispecies subjected to mutagenesis by base and nucleoside analogues. (biomedcentral.com)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. (bionity.com)
FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. (bionity.com)

The virus can be found in the kidney, jejunum, spleen, liver and bursa of infected birds. (wikipedia.org)

Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
In view of its role in the induction of protective immunity, gD has been tested in new vaccine development strategies against both viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

Capsids that are made of the VP70 protein are cleaved by trypsin to make particles that are very infectious (VP25/26, VP27/29 and VP34). (wikipedia.org)
We previously identified the function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein as an ion channel in artificial lipid bilayers and demonstrated that this in vitro activity is inhibited by amantadine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Demonstration of p7 ion channel activity in cellular membranes and its inhibition by amantadine affirm the protein as a target for future anti-viral chemotherapy. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In turkey poults 1-3 weeks of age, some symptoms of enteritis include diarrhea, listlessness, liver eating and nervousness. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms of this disease include diarrhea and weight loss. (wikipedia.org)
When symptoms occur, the incubation period is followed by diarrhea for several days. (wikipedia.org)
Other presenting symptoms included diarrhea and/or hematochezia (8 cases), nausea/vomiting (5 cases), and intussusception (1 case). (stanfordchildrens.org)

BoHV-1 is a pathogen of cattle associated with two major syndromes, called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

New EMBO members' review: viral and bacterial proteins regulating apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Processing of the viral polyprotein is achieved cotranslationally by viral encoded proteases , giving rise to the different mature viral proteins. (bionity.com)
Both viral and cellular proteins are required for replication and transcription. (bionity.com)

In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)

It has been estimated that in children alone there may be between 3.5 to 18 million deaths per year worldwide from diarrhoeal disease [1]. (who.int)

Patients provided a total of 6483 urine samples (median=2, range=1-30 samples per patient) between 2000 and 2017. (cdc.gov)

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