Viral virion. Medical search. Frequent questions

A viral tegument or tegument, more commonly known as a viral matrix, is a cluster of proteins that lines the space between the envelope and nucleocapsid of all herpesviruses. (wikipedia.org)
The tegument generally contains proteins that aid in viral DNA replication and evasion of the immune response, typically with inhibition of signalling in the immune system and activation of interferons. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins are usually[citation needed] formed within the late phase of the viral infectious cycle, after viral genes have been replicated. (wikipedia.org)
Essential proteins will include factors that help in trafficking of the viral capsid to the nucleus (for herpesviruses), recruiting host transcription or translation factors, or directly transcribing or translating viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
This family consists of several viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus non-virion (Nv) proteins. (nih.gov)
This study demonstrates that majority of HIV-1 virions in culture supernatants and Tat/Nef proteins spiked in culture medium can be captured by nanotrap particles. (usuhs.edu)
Collectively, our data indicate that certain types of nanotrap particles selectively capture specific HIV-1 molecules, and we propose to use this technology as a platform to enhance HIV-1 detection by concentrating viral proteins and infectious virions from infected samples. (usuhs.edu)
To do this, we examine the non-redundant viral diversity stored in public databases, predict proteins in genomes lacking such information, and used all annotated and predicted proteins to identify potential protein domains. (mdpi.com)
In many cases structural proteins are also involved in replication and integration of the viral genome. (gla.ac.uk)
This group applies the techniques of electron-cryomicroscopy and image analysis to the study of viruses and viral proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
The fates of viral proteins and viral genetic material vary with the type of virus. (rkm.com.au)
In addition, we have generated a library of over 200 herpesvirus proteins (from EBV, CMV and HSV-1) that are used in proteomics approaches to determine which viral proteins manipulate specific cellular processes. (utoronto.ca)
A polyhedral or ovocylindrical shaped matrix composed of a single crystalline protein (OCCLUSION BODY MATRIX PROTEINS) in which VIRIONS are embedded. (bvsalud.org)

The experiments described in this proposal are directed toward understanding the mechanism by which """"""""viral protein U"""""""" (Vpu) mediates the exist of HIV-1 particles from cells. (grantome.com)
Viral teguments can be symmetrically arranged via structural and scaffolding protein or can also be asymmetrically arranged, depending on the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Using an existing clone of the trout-avirulent VHSV-IVb strain MI03 (pVHSVmi), eight chimeric VHSV clones were constructed in which the coding region(s) of the glycoprotein (G), non-virion protein (NV), G and NV, or G, NV and L (polymerase) genes together, were exchanged between the two clones. (biomedcentral.com)
The NV protein is a nonstructural protein absent from mature virions although it is present in infected cells. (nih.gov)
Viruses 14: v14040792 (2022)), and mapped 59 host protein interactions to the viral surface. (europa.eu)
Working with partners at the Pasteur Institute and French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA) we recently published an atomic resolution model of the RSV nucleocapsid - a helical structure comprising the viral genome and N protein. (gla.ac.uk)
It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. (proteopedia.org)
Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. (proteopedia.org)
Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. (proteopedia.org)
Flavivirus nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is a component of the viral replication complex that functions in virion assembly and antagonizes the host immune response. (rcsb.org)
1 , 2 , 3 The viral envelope of coronaviruses is composed of four major viral structural protein components: spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, nucleocapsid (N), and the envelope (E) protein. (ispe.org)
and the E protein is a minor constituent of virions and is an integral membrane protein. (ispe.org)
The S protein is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of coronaviruses (CoV) and is responsible for receptor binding and virion entry into the cells. (ispe.org)
However, macrophages support the early phase of viral infection, particularly the entry and synthesis of new viral RNA and protein. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, it remains unclear whether this virus replicates within macrophages to synthesize new viral RNA and protein, which leads to the possibility of new virion assembly. (news-medical.net)
Even though HMDMs phagocytosed the virus, they did not allow early-phase viral replication or protein synthesis to induce inflammatory responses due to the absence of ACE2. (news-medical.net)
Several of our studies involve the EBNA1 protein of EBV, which is expressed in both latent and lytic forms of infection, is the only viral protein needed to replicate and maintain EBV genomes in human cells and contributes to cell transformation. (utoronto.ca)
The virion consists of a single-stranded RNA molecule enclosed by the core membrane and the envelope (E) protein. (who.int)

The illustration at left depicts a virion - the infectious particle that is designed for transmission of the nucleic acid genome among hosts or host cells. (virology.ws)
Remarkably, an R84A mutation did not affect viral RNA synthesis but blocked intracellular formation of infectious virions. (rcsb.org)
Thus, macrophages not only inhibit viral dissemination but can sense infected cells and infectious viral particles to subsequently elicit antiviral and proinflammatory programs. (news-medical.net)
Upon ingestion, the viral occlusion bodies (OBs) dissolve in the larval midgut and release infectious virions. (groworganic.com)
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease that is transmitted by a bite from an infected tick and can progress to death. (who.int)

The tegument may also aid in insertion of the viral genome into host cell cytoplasm or nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. (proteopedia.org)
The viral contents are then spilled into the cytoplasm of the cell. (rkm.com.au)
It is distinguished from the area of the CYTOPLASM or CELL NUCLEUS in which virus components are being synthesized and assembled, known as VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES. (bvsalud.org)

In contrast lytic infection induces cell cycle arrest and leads to amplification of the viral genomes for virion production. (utoronto.ca)
Marine viruses impact global biogeochemical cycles via their influence on host community structure and function, yet our understanding of viral ecology is constrained by limitations in host culturing and a lack of reference genomes and 'universal' gene markers to facilitate community surveys. (peerj.com)
The 'VirION' (Viral, long-read metagenomics via MinION sequencing) approach was first validated using mock communities where it was found to be as relatively quantitative as short-read methods and provided significant improvements in recovery of viral genomes. (peerj.com)

However, EM visualization of virions compatible with a poxvirus, by itself, would not constitute proof of a smallpox infection because different poxviruses, such as variola, vaccinia, monkeypox, and molluscum (molluscipoxvirus) viruses, are morphologically indistinguishable. (cdc.gov)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)
In spite of their broad abundance, viruses, in particular bacteriophages, remain largely unknown since only about 20% of sequences obtained from viral community DNA surveys could be annotated by comparison with public databases. (mdpi.com)
In order to shed some light into this genetic dark matter we expanded the search of orthologous groups as potential markers to viral taxonomy from bacteriophages and included eukaryotic viruses, establishing a set of 31,150 ViPhOGs (Eukaryotic Viruses and Phages Orthologous Groups). (mdpi.com)
Viruses are presented as organisms which pass in their ontogenetic cycle through two distinctive phenotypic phases: (1) the vegetative phase and (2) the phase of viral particle or nucleic acid. (virology.ws)
one can conclude that infected eukaryotic cells in which viral factories have taken control of the cellular machinery became viruses themselves, the viral factory being in that case the equivalent of the nucleus. (virology.ws)
This trait has been postulated to be a feature of wild-type viruses, while laboratory strains more commonly form virions described as being spherical. (gla.ac.uk)
The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Short-read viral metagenomic studies have provided clues to viral function and first estimates of global viral gene abundance and distribution, but their assemblies are confounded by populations with high levels of strain evenness and nucleotide diversity (microdiversity), limiting assembly of some of the most abundant viruses on Earth. (peerj.com)
Given that viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack cellular processes to replicate a virus's genetic material , it is essential anti-viral agents have ability to enter cells. (thenhf.com)
Virion-Associated Nucleic Acid-Based Metagenomics: A Decade of Advances in Molecular Characterization of Plant Viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Over the last decade, viral metagenomic studies have resulted in the discovery of thousands of previously unknown viruses . (bvsalud.org)

2005). CONCLUSIONS: The PTFE filters had the best performance among the tested filters and are expected to be effective for the collection of both B. anthracis and viral particles. (cdc.gov)
This transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image depicted eight virions (viral particles) of a newly-discovered virus, which was determined to be a member of the genus, Arenavirus . (cdc.gov)

Immunostaining of autopsied lungs of individuals with COVID-19 revealed the presence of viral antigens such as S and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in macrophages. (news-medical.net)
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect viral RNA in brain tissue. (who.int)

We also analyze structure and density of viral DNA packaged in a capsid. (lu.se)

and viral genome condensation for virion assembly. (news-medical.net)
The 3CL protease of coronaviruses facilitates viral assembly by cleaving polyproteins and most active compounds prevent disease progression by inhibiting viral proteases 5 . (nature.com)
Our research focusses on viral entry processes, evolution in the face of host immunity and virion assembly. (gla.ac.uk)
Collectively, the mutagenesis results demonstrate that NS2A functions in both DENV RNA synthesis and virion assembly/maturation. (rcsb.org)
SSRIs may also interact with acid sphingomyelinase and σ-1 receptors to disrupt viral entry and virion assembly. (beckershospitalreview.com)

The virus exploits the host machinery to facilitate efficient viral replication, which ultimately leads to progression of infection. (news-medical.net)
Viral and Bacterial Adhesion Network Training (ViBrANT) places adhesion at the heart of virulence: it plays the first and decisive role in the infection process of pathogens. (europa.eu)
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
The COVID-19 pandemic is a harsh reminder of the fact that, whether in a single human host or a wave of infection across continents, viral dynamics is often a story about the numbers. (elifesciences.org)
The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. (proteopedia.org)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
Macrophages are associated with innate immunity that protects the respiratory tracts during viral infection. (news-medical.net)
The resulting progeny virus infect other tissues within the larva, which stops feeding and eventually dies from massive viral infection. (groworganic.com)

Y-axis indicates fold increase in virion yield over day 0 as measured by RT activity in culture supernatants. (elifesciences.org)
E ) Fold increase in virions in culture supernatants at 4 dpi, as measured by RT activity in culture supernatants. (elifesciences.org)

Among the metagenomics -based approaches that have been developed since the beginning of the 21st century, shotgun metagenomics applied specifically to virion -associated nucleic acids (VANA) has been used to disentangle the diversity of the viral world. (bvsalud.org)

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus belonging to the Novirhabdovirus genus, causes severe disease and mortality in many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Its presentation can range from asymptomatic illness to acute-onset viral hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (medscape.com)
Yellow fever is one of many causes of viral hemorrhagic fever . (medscape.com)

We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
The nucleocapsid, rather than naked viral RNA, is the template for mRNA and genome synthesis, thus understanding its structure is critical in beginning to understand the process of viral replication. (gla.ac.uk)
However, when R84 was replaced with E, the mutation attenuated both viral RNA synthesis and virus production. (rcsb.org)

Nakamura S , Yang C-S , Sakon N , Ueda M , Tougan T , Yamashita A , Direct metagenomic detection of viral pathogens in nasal and fecal specimens using an unbiased high-throughput sequencing approach. (cdc.gov)
Whon TW , Kim M-S , Roh SW , Shin N-R , Lee H-W , Bae J-W . Metagenomic characterization of airborne viral DNA diversity in the near-surface atmosphere. (cdc.gov)
Here we established a low-cost, low-input, high throughput alternative sequencing and informatics workflow to improve viral metagenomic assemblies using short-read and long-read technology. (peerj.com)

Their efficacy in patients with influenza viral pneumonia or severe influenza is unknown. (medscape.com)
In "The Weft of Invisible" (2020) friends painted on Mylar, a crystalline web is cast over the viral forms of influenza, Ebola, Varicella, HIV and SARS-Cov-2, that lurk in the background. (irbbarcelona.org)
The gold standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)
Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)

This example is HIV, which is unusual in having a conical core (most viral cores tend to be more spherical). (rkm.com.au)

These are apparently cis-elements involved in regulating viral replication. (news-medical.net)

The construction and adaptability of conical HIV-1 capsids decided inside intact virions. (apkornow.com)

An individual viral particle called a virion is able to produce about a million new virions once inside a cell. (thenhf.com)
The choice of fixed dose combination Atazanavir (as sulfate)/Ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg Tablets for use in treatment-experienced patients should be based on treatment history of patients and, if available, also on individual viral resistance testing (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). (who.int)

The topology model of DENV NS2A provides a good starting point for studying how flavivirus NS2A modulates viral replication and evasion of host immune response. (rcsb.org)

First, PCR-amplified marker genes are limited to a narrow subset of the viral community, and require degeneracies and amplification conditions that undermine the quantitative nature of the data ( Sullivan, 2015 ). (peerj.com)
Uninfected female mosquitoes bite infected hosts, providing for viral amplification. (medscape.com)

It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
Graphic of Viral Entry into Animal Cells: virus attachment to cell surface (adsorption) and virus entry into cell. (rkm.com.au)

Much information regarding viral teguments has been gathered from studying herpes simplex virus. (wikipedia.org)
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous herpes simplex virions, located inside a cell nucleus in this tissue sample. (eol.org)
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous herpes simplex type-2 virions, members of the Herpesviridae virus family. (eol.org)

A new U.S. study published on the bioRxiv * preprint server reports the use of an amiloride-based scaffold that targets a viral RNA structure known to be essential in viral replication in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus. (news-medical.net)
A virion is not the same as a virus. (virology.ws)
The idea that virus and virion are distinct was first proposed by Bandea in 1983. (virology.ws)
If we accept that the virus is the infected cell, then it becomes clear that most virologists have confused the virion and the virus. (virology.ws)
But virologists are not the only ones at fault - the media writes about the AIDS virus while showing an illustration of the virion. (virology.ws)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important viral agent of childhood respiratory tract disease worldwide, causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. (gla.ac.uk)
The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. (proteopedia.org)
Together, these findings suggest that VirION provides a high throughput and cost-effective alternative to fosmid and single-virus genomic approaches to more comprehensively explore viral communities in nature. (peerj.com)
In an immune response, viral neutralizing antibodies are present by the end of the first week, and the virus is rapidly cleared. (medscape.com)

The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. (proteopedia.org)
Nevertheless, THP-1 macrophages that were ectopically engineered to express ACE2 supported SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and new virion release. (news-medical.net)

The researchers say this heralds the application of these molecules as chemical probes to explore viral biology and produce specific antivirals targeting RNA regions of the coronavirus genome. (news-medical.net)

Claverie suggested that the viral factory corresponds to the organism, whereas the virion is used to spread from cell to cell. (virology.ws)
Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)

Here we show that a truncated form of HveC directly binds to HSV glycoprotein D (gD) in solution and at the surface of virions. (nih.gov)

The difficulty of finding effective antivirals in the current pandemic has stimulated the search for better drug development approaches that will reveal targetable viral structures, thus helping to prevent and treat both the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks. (news-medical.net)
Problematically, however, viral ecologists lack parallel approaches. (peerj.com)

The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. (proteopedia.org)

To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)

Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)

Viral strains from South America are closely related to those from West Africa. (medscape.com)

Zinc alone only reduced viral replication by ~50% due to the lack of solubility of this trace mineral and its subsequent inability to be transported across the lipid (fatty) cell wall. (thenhf.com)

MS2 bacteriophages were utilized as a viral surrogate in the testing. (cdc.gov)

A host of viral RNAs and other RNAs involved in disease processes have also been demonstrated to be targeted effectively by small molecules. (news-medical.net)
A heterogeneous set of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of long COVID involving viral factors, host factors, and tissue damage. (cdc.gov)

Electron microscopic (EM) visualization of negatively stained poxvirus virions was a valuable technique for confirming poxvirus infections during the smallpox eradication campaign. (cdc.gov)

VP-2, VP-3 and VP-4 wereglycoproteins apparently associated with viral envelope (20). (cdc.gov)

The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. (medscape.com)
Viral pneumonia decreases in frequency in healthy young and middle-aged adults, but it then increases substantially among the elderly. (medscape.com)

Home Nanotechnology Immunomolecular assay based mostly on selective virion seize by spike antibody and. (apkornow.com)

In pieces such as "Viral Histories", Jo Milne focuses on the invisible web of myriad viral and microbial beings that accompany us and the narratives they leave in their wake. (irbbarcelona.org)

Functional analysis using replicon and genome-length RNAs of DENV-2 indicates that P85 is not important for viral replication. (rcsb.org)

We are investigating the structure of the RSV virion and its replicative machinery. (gla.ac.uk)

Based on the findings of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), viral RNA has been detected within macrophages in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from COVID-19 patients. (news-medical.net)

Macrophage ACE2 is necessary for SARS-CoV-2 replication and subsequent cytokine responses that restrict continued virion release. (news-medical.net)
ACE2-expressing THP-1 macrophages were able to sense newly synthesized viral RNA and trigger the expression of proinflammatory and antiviral mediators, which inhibited ongoing virion release. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy13

Organisms50

Diseases3

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Phenomena and Processes37

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