• We have engineered a murine MHC class II antigen presenting molecule consisting of the extracellular domains of I-E(d)α and I-E(d)β chains to which the CD4 T cell immunodominant epitope HA110-120 of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the A/PR/8/34 influenza virus was covalently linked at the N-terminus of the I-E(d)β chain. (usuhs.edu)
  • Antigens from a particular pathogen can be of variable immunogenicity, with the antigen that stimulates the strongest response being the immunodominant one. (wikipedia.org)
  • That is, T cells with a TCR that has high affinity for its antigen are most likely to be immunodominant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunodominant T cells also curtail subdominant T cells by outcompeting them for cytokine sources from antigen-presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most serologic assays for flaviviruses measure antibodies binding to viral-envelope glycoprotein (E protein) because this antigen is a major target of human antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • When APCs chew up proteins from an antigen and present the fragments, known as antigenic epitopes, on their surface, the epitopes become visible to helper T cells and initiate an immune response. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Both the recognition of HIV-infected cells and the immunogenicity of candidate CTL vaccines depend on the presentation of a peptide epitope at the cell surface, which in turn depends on intracellular antigen processing. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Differential antigen processing maybe responsible for the differences in both the quality and the quantity of epitopes produced, influencing the immunodominance hierarchy of viral epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Superior antigen processing and enhanced presentation may account for the link between infection with HIV-2 encoding the "PPP-gag" sequence and both strong gag-specific CTL responses as well as lower viral load. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A protective CD8+ T cell repertoire therefore encompasses the capacity to control TCR-accessible mutations, ultimately driving the development of more complex viral escape variants that disrupt antigen presentation. (rcsb.org)
  • Our cell-free antigen processing system," says Sadegh-Nasseri, "replicates how epitopes are actually processed in the APC's cellular environment and become presented, including any influencing factors that may come into play. (news7.asia)
  • Traditional Flavivirus serologic assays exhibit poor specificity in distinguishing DENV from ZIKV infections because these assays use whole virions or E proteins containing conserved epitopes as antigens ( 13 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, the ZIKV epidemic in the Americas spurred the development of recombinant viral antigens and serologic assays for distinguishing ZIKV from DENV ( 16 - 18 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, neonatal mice born to mothers immunized with the EV71 and CA16 antigens were 100% protected against wild-type EV71 or CA16 viral challenge. (omicsdi.org)
  • CMV-specific CTLs were identified by flow cytometry using fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD8, CD45 molecules, viability reagent and tetramers consisting of in-house produced MHC class I monomers loaded with one of two immunodominant epitopes of viral pp65 protein (NLVPMVATV (NLV) and TPRVTGGGAM (TPR) peptides that are present in HLA-A*02 and -B*07 antigens, respectively, bound to phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin. (cttjournal.com)
  • Identify, profile, and compare AAV-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in patient or animal sera for vaccine development, or screen viral antigens to find and characterize immunodominant epitopes for in-vitro diagnostics research. (pepperprint.com)
  • In that context, EBNA2, EBNA-LP and BHRF1 are the first viral antigens expressed during the initial stage of B cell growth transformation, yet have been poorly characterised as CD8+ T cell targets. (martinfitzpatrick.com)
  • Nineteen candidate nonamers from hexon and penton proteins were identified by epitope binding prediction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chip contains the sequences of 15 different capsid proteins converted into more than 5,000 overlapping peptides for high-resolution epitope data. (pepperprint.com)
  • Epitopes that are immunodominant have structures that uniquely fit like a lock and key with cell-surface proteins on APCs known as major histocompatibility molecules, or MHCs. (news7.asia)
  • Traditional methods use a 'brute-force' system where synthetic peptides representing portions of real HIV proteins are tested in the hopes that some will stimulate an immune response and direct researchers to the epitopes needed for vaccine development," says Sadegh-Nasseri. (news7.asia)
  • This enabled us to study nearly the entire HIV proteome [all of the proteins produced by the virus] and distinctly identify epitopes that are selected for presentation to CD4+ T cells by a chaperone protein called HLA-DM," says Sengupta. (news7.asia)
  • The majority of these epitope-specific memory CD8+ T cells were of the effector, central or early/intermediate differentiation phenotypes and there was a higher proportion of multi-cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells recognizing epitopes in M and NP proteins compared with spike. (faisafrica.com)
  • The authors conclude that "non-spike dominant CD8+ T cell epitopes suggests the potential importance of including non-spike proteins such as NP, M and ORFs in future vaccine designs. (faisafrica.com)
  • Here we describe CD8+ T cell responses against each of these three "first wave" proteins, identifying target epitopes and HLA restricting alleles. (martinfitzpatrick.com)
  • The mAbs recognized the same two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one of which is not recognized by post-infection ferret antisera that are commonly used to monitor virus evolution. (pirbright.ac.uk)
  • Peptides were synthesized and tested for in vivo immunogenicity by screening peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers (n = 64) and HAdV-infected stem cell recipients (n = 26) for memory T cells recognizing the candidate epitopes in the context of most common HLA alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional CD8 + T cells recognizing seven epitopes were identified, among them four penton-derived and two hexon-derived peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structures and KIR3DL1 recognition of three immunodominant viral peptides complexed to HLA-B*2705. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have solved the crystal structures of three HLA-B*2705-peptide complexes with the immunodominant viral peptides: EBV EBNA3C 258-266 (RRIYDLIEL), influenza (flu) nucleoprotein NP383-391 (SRYWAIRTR), and HIV gag 264-273 (KRWIILGLNK). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Prominent, solvent-exposed structures within these peptides may participate in generating T cell responses to these immunodominant epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, HLA-B*2705 presents viral peptides in a range of conformations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To investigate the nature of memory CD4+ T cells responsible for sustained anti-HIV responses, we characterized their capacity to generate primary cell lines specific for immunodominant Gag peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After normalizing for growth rates, IFN-γ responses directed against the immunodominant Gag293 peptide showed higher functional avidity in HIV controllers, while responses to Gag161, Gag263, or CMV peptides did not differ between groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite a good deal of interindividual variation in the numbers of peptides recognized, responses to CMV pp65 were strikingly targeted at three key epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Available with linear or cyclic constrained peptides for linear or conformational epitope mapping, the PEPperCHIP ® Pan-AAV Capsid Protein Microarray can be used to analyze patient and animal sera as well as research and diagnostic anti-AAV antibodies on the epitope level. (pepperprint.com)
  • We identified 41 peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ epitopes, including six immunodominant regions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • If an epitope binds very strongly to a B cell BCR, it will then subsequently bind with high affinity to the resultant antibodies produced by that B cell upon activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These antibodies then out-compete the BCR for the epitope, and thus that B cell lineage will be unavailable for subsequent stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • We aim to study the immune responses elicited by chronic infection with this retrovirus and previously reported that SFV-infected individuals generate potent neutralizing antibodies that block cell infection by viral particles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patient or animal serum is incubated on the microarray and antibodies present in the sample bind their corresponding epitopes on the microarray surface. (pepperprint.com)
  • T cells that can recognize the HIV epitope-MHC complex as foreign become activated and signal B cells - a different type of immune cell that produces antibodies, in this case, specific to HIV. (news7.asia)
  • However, its antigenic epitopes have not been fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, defining the linear epitopes of HN, especially neutralizing epitopes, will be useful for revealing its antigenic characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results will help elucidate the antigenic epitopes of the HN and facilitate the development of NDV vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the linear antigenic epitopes of HN have not been fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The individual MHC variant possesses a different groove that is capable to bind a different range of antigenic epitopes. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Early after challenge with live virus, the CD8+ T cells specific for vaccine-encoded epitopes, displayed a phenotype typically associated with prolonged/persistent antigenic stimulation marked by high levels of KLRG-1, as compared to T cells reacting to epitopes not included in the vaccine. (ku.dk)
  • CD4+ T cell lines were derived from patients who spontaneously controlled HIV replication (HIV controller group, n = 17) and patients who achieved viral control following successful antiretroviral therapy (HAART group, n = 20). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inherent sequence diversity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major hurdle for the adaptive immune system to control viral replication. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, little is known about the impact of escape mutations in this epitope on viral replication capacity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Their previously reported reversion back toward the consensus residue in patients who do not possess the B*08 allele suggests that the consensus sequence in this epitope is advantageous for viral replication in the absence of immune pressure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the impact of mutational escape from this immunodominant epitope on viral replication. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When tested in the subgenomic replicon (Con1), the observed mutations reduce viral replication compared with the prototype sequence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Measles virus induces persistent infection by autoregulation of viral replication. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • For example, the relative inefficiency of delivering OVs to tumor nodules, selective viral replication inside tumor nodules and spread to distant micrometastases limits its overall efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An immunodominant NP105-113-B*07:02 cytotoxic T cell response controls viral replication and is associated with less severe COVID-19 disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A small number of HIV-infected individuals known as elite controllers experience low levels of chronic phase viral replication and delayed progression to AIDS. (wustl.edu)
  • Specific HLA class I alleles are associated with elite control, implicating CD8 + T lymphocytes in the establishment of these low levels of viral replication. (wustl.edu)
  • Most HIV-infected individuals that express protective HLA class I alleles, however, do not control viral replication. (wustl.edu)
  • The virus escaped from immunodominant Vif and Nef Mamu- B*00801-restricted CD8 + T lymphocyte responses during the critical early weeks of acute infection only in progressor animals that did not control viral replication. (wustl.edu)
  • Thus, early CD8 + T lymphocyte escape is a hallmark of Mamu-B*00801 + macaques who do not control viral replication. (wustl.edu)
  • Here, we illustrate that the CTL escape mutation R(264)K in the HLA-B27-restricted KK10 epitope in the capsid resulted in a significant defect in viral replication in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Notably, the R(264)K mutation was associated in vivo with the development of a rare secondary mutation, S(173)A, which restored viral replication in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we defined the MHC class II alleles for immunodominant Gag CD4 + T cell epitopes in clade C virus infection, constructed MHC class II tetramers, and then used these to define the magnitude, function, and relation to the viral load of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in a cohort of untreated HIV clade C-infected persons. (nih.gov)
  • While EBNA-LP and BHRF1 each contained one strong CD8 epitope, epitopes within EBNA2 induced immunodominant responses through several less common HLA class I alleles (e.g. (martinfitzpatrick.com)
  • Here, we employed MHC class II tetramers designed to immunodominant Gag epitopes and used them to characterize CD4 + T cell responses in HIV-1 clade C infection. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize the forces that contribute to viral evolution in an HLA-A*01-restricted epitope in HCV NS3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This leads to a greater expansion of the T cells that recognize a high affinity epitope and is favoured since these cells are likely to clear the infection much more quickly and effectively than their subdominant counterparts. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • These data identify an association between HIV-specific CD4 + T cell targeting of immunodominant Gag epitopes and immune control, particularly the contribution of a single class II MHC-peptide complex to the immune response against HIV-1 infection. (nih.gov)
  • Failure of the adaptive immune response to control infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can result from mutational escape in targeted T-cell epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In our cohort of subjects with chronic HCV infection (genotype 1b or 3a), it is a frequently recognized CD8 epitope in HLA-A*01-positive subjects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Long-term non-progression during HIV infection has been associated with presentation by HLA-B*2705, and T cell recognition, of the highly immunodominant KRWIILGLNK peptide. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutational escape within targeted CD8 epitopes during acute HCV infection has been well documented and is one possible mechanism for T-cell failure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Selection of escape mutations in the immunodominant HLA-B*08-restricted epitope HSKKKCDEL(1395-1403) was observed during acute infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ethnicity and route of HCV infection can influence the associations of HLA with viral clearance in an ethnically heterogeneous population. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • In addition, our findings suggest that prior adenoviral vaccination is not likely to negatively impact the long-term and protective immune response induced and maintained by a vaccine-attenuated chronic viral infection. (ku.dk)
  • This is due partly to viral sequence variation but also to the recognition of invariant viral epitopes that leads to waves of persistent T-cell immunity, which appears to associate with slower disease progression in the first year of infection. (columbia.edu)
  • We followed both the immune response and viral evolution in SIV-infected Mamu-B*00801 + animals to better understand the role of CD8 + T lymphocytes during the acute phase of viral infection, when viral control status is determined. (wustl.edu)
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 13 ] Unfortunately, testing for this viral infection, even among those Americans commercially insured who inject drugs, especially male rural residents with skin infections, is infrequent. (medscape.com)
  • Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the neutralizing epitope and T cell epitope of PRRSV-1, and the decoy epitope region and hypervariable regions of PRRSV-2 had evolved under positive selection pressure. (researchsquare.com)
  • Epitopes that are not targeted or targeted to a lower degree during an immune response are known as subdominant epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • If subdominant epitopes are introduced without the dominant epitope, the immune response will be focused to that subdominant epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meanwhile, if the dominant epitope is introduced with the subdominant epitope, the immune response will be directed against the dominant epitope while silencing the response against the subdominant epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Having the immune response focused on a specific immunodominant epitope is useful because it allows the strongest immune response against a certain pathogen to dominate, thus eliminating the pathogen fast and effectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The immunodominant epitope can be mutated in the virus, thus allowing HIV to avoid the adaptive immune response when reintroduced from latency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results demonstrate an association between the frequency of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses targeting an immunodominant DRB1*11-Gag41 complex and HIV control, highlighting the important contribution of a single class II MHC-peptide complex to the immune response against HIV-1 infections. (nih.gov)
  • We aimed at identifying further targets of protective anti-HAdV immune response and characterizing immunogenic epitopes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Flavivirus E protein contains immunodominant antibody epitopes that are conserved (cross-reactive) between different flaviviruses or unique to each virus (type-specific) ( 10 - 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 2-OADHC is composed of E1, E2, and E3 subunits, E2 being the immunodominant epitope targeted by antimitochondrial antibody-M2. (medscape.com)
  • Sera from each period ( n = 185 and n = 693) were screened in an epitope blocking enzyme immunoassay for flavivirus antibody detection. (who.int)
  • Extensive variation, comparable to that of continuous epitopes within the hypervariable immunodominant site A (the VP1 G-H loop), was found. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effective immune cells to eliminate the viral agents are cytotoxic T cell (Tc), natural killer cell (NK), and macrophage. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Immune control of viral infections is heavily dependent on helper CD4 + T cell function. (nih.gov)
  • Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections: Will COVID-19 Follow Suit? (c19early.org)
  • These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of the evolutionary forces in an immunodominant CD8 epitope in hepatitis C virus at a population level. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Journal of viral hepatitis, 17(12), 872-878. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Journal of viral hepatitis, 18(10), 692-699. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • In such a setting, laboratory tests for drug-induced hepatitis, metabolic disease, viral hepatitis, and various autoimmune diseases may also be obtained to assist in establishing the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we compared adenoviral vaccine vectors with the capacity to induce equally potent immune responses against non-dominant and immunodominant epitopes of murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). (ku.dk)
  • This can be in concordance with an additional theory which states that immunodominance may be dependent on the affinity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to the immunodominant epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of immunodominance in B cell activation focuses on the affinity of epitope binding to the B-cell receptor (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of new immunodominant epitopes will facilitate and broaden immune assessment strategies to identify patients suitable for T-cell transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we analyzed B-cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of the HN protein from the vaccine strain LaSota using pepscan technology with LaSota-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein consists of a cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane region, stalk region and globular head [ 8 ] and is responsible for binding to sialic acid-containing cell surface receptors and possesses neuraminidase (NA) activity to prevent viral self-aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific cell lines were obtained at high rate for both HIV controllers (16/17) and efficiently treated patients (19/20) in response to the immunodominant Gag293 peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides evidence that HIV controllers harbor a pool of high avidity memory CD4+ T cell precursors directed against an immunodominant Gag peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, we showed that the magnitude of the HIV-2 gag-specific T-cell response is inversely correlated with plasma viral load, particularly when responses are directed against an epitope, 165 DRFYKSLRA173 , within the highly conserved Major Homology Region of gag-p26. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Known as the adaptive immune cell, Tc plays the most crucial role in the immune clearance of the viral agent. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that vaccination targeting non-dominant epitopes facilitates potent virus-induced T-cell responses against immunodominant epitopes during subsequent challenge with highly invasive virus. (ku.dk)
  • In contrast, when an immunodominant epitope was included in the vaccine, the T-cell response associated with viral challenge remained focussed on that epitope. (ku.dk)
  • Notably, this association was lost over time in T cells specific for the dominant T cell epitopes, and these cells were fully capable of expanding in response to a new viral challenge. (ku.dk)
  • There was a diverse pattern of T-cell recognition across the proteome, with the recognition of Nef being immunodominant as early as 3 weeks postinfection. (columbia.edu)
  • Almost 90% of lost T-cell responses were coincidental with autologous viral epitope escape. (columbia.edu)
  • Collectively, T-cell epitope recognition is not a static event, and temporal patterns of IFN-γ-based responses exist. (columbia.edu)
  • The breadth and strength of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were higher in patients with more severe disease, which the authors postulate could be a result of higher viral loads or infecting inoculum. (faisafrica.com)
  • The impact of immunodominance is immunodomination, where immunodominant epitopes will curtail immune responses against non-dominant epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • That is, those within the 'goldilocks zone' for affinity will be available for subsequent T helper stimulation, allowing for class switching, affinity maturation and thus, resulting in immunodominance to that particular epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • ORF5 encodes a highly variable envelope protein, GP5, which plays an important role in viral infectivity and contains immunological domains related to viral neutralization (23, 24). (researchsquare.com)
  • By contrast, virus in elite controller macaques showed little evidence of variation in epitopes recognized by immunodominant CD8 + T lymphocytes, implying that these cells play a role in viral control. (wustl.edu)
  • Since this proline motif was also associated with stronger gag-specific CTL responses, we investigated the impact of these prolines on proteasomal processing of the protective 165 DRFYKSLRA173 epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The dominant CTLs that arise were activated sooner so therefore proliferate faster than subdominant CTLs that were activated later, thus resulting in a greater number of CTLs for that immunodominant epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral sequence data reveal that an escape variant is the dominant residue in both genotypes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • High affinity of the peptide to the TCR contributes to the T cell's survival and proliferation, allowing for more clonal selection of the immunodominant T cells over the subdominant T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the opposite end of the scale where BCRs have low affinity for the epitopes, these B cells are outcompeted for stimulation by B cells with BCRs that have higher affinities for their respective epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enumeration of peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2-S1/M-reactive IFN-γ CD4 + and CD8 + T cells does not predict viral clearance from the lower respiratory tract or poor clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (nature.com)
  • The results provide direct evidence that escape mutations in this epitope are associated with fitness costs and that the antiviral effect of HLA-B*08-restricted T cells is sufficiently strong to force the virus to adopt a relatively unfavorable sequence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • If you think of an HIV epitope as a hot dog and the MHC as a bun, the 'meal' is what gets presented to CD4+ T cells," says lead study author Srona Sengupta, an M.D./Ph.D. candidate in immunology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (news7.asia)
  • Six optimized CD8+ epitopes were defined, with peptide-MHC pentamer-positive cells displaying the central and effector memory phenotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Not only is this strategy hit or miss, but the method doesn't allow for the real-world chemical and molecular interactions that can impact how epitopes are produced and function. (news7.asia)
  • JCVI is currently working with collaborators in Colombia and Nicaragua to collect sera from patients suspected to harbor ZIKV and to sequence the viral genome from these patients. (jcvi.org)
  • Among the methods for identifying epitopes, peptide scanning technology, such as pepscan, has been widely used due to its high sensitivity and rapidity [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If we can identify which epitopes are 'immunodominant' - the ones that elicit the strongest immune system response to the virus - then we may have the essential ingredients for the long-sought recipe to make an effective HIV vaccine," explains Sadegh-Nasseri. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Sengupta adds that 35 epitopes identified in the recent studies were previously unknown. (news7.asia)
  • Four potential viral zoonoses associated with wildlife have previously been documented in New Zealand: three flaviviruses (Johnston Atoll virus, 16,17 Saumarez Reef virus and an unnamed Hughes group virus 17 ) and one alphavirus (Whataroa virus 18 ). (who.int)
  • Our data demonstrate that the 165 DRFYKSLRA173 epitope is most efficiently processed from precursors that contain two flanking proline residues, found naturally in low viral-load patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To be able to play its active role, Tc requires induction of pMHC which is a complex molecule of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) and a viral epitope. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • This leads to initial IgM response directed at the strongly binding epitope, and the subsequent IgG response focused on the immunodominant epitope. (wikipedia.org)
  • So, this review highlights the various types of NPs used in the techniques that have worked in the new paradigm in viral vaccinology for infectious diseases. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, 38 constructs were also created through a collaboration with Harvard university, aiming at mimicking the structure of the MPER on the surface of the viral particles. (europa.eu)
  • The recently identified, globally predominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) is highly transmissible, even in fully vaccinated individuals, and causes attenuated disease compared with other major viral variants recognized to date 1 - 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • This epitope represents a potentially attractive target for vaccination strategies since it is conserved across all genotypes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Over the upcoming year, JCVI anticipates screening both retrospective and prospective human serum samples for ZIKV, with the assumption that many of these samples are from individuals infected with other viral diseases (e.g. (jcvi.org)
  • Custom peptide arrays will be constructed to identify immunodominant epitopes in human serum, which we will then optimize as an ELISA-based diagnostic for use in developing countries. (jcvi.org)
  • Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay: a requirement to evaluate viral contamination in human semen. (cdc.gov)
  • Six immunodominant epitope-specific regions were frequently targeted by recovering patients: three in the spike protein, two in membrane protein and one in the nucleocapsid protein (NP). (faisafrica.com)
  • The immunodominant epitope will be a BCR that has a particular 'goldilocks' amount of affinity for its epitope determined by equilibrium binding affinity. (wikipedia.org)
  • To distinguish between ZIKV and other viral diseases, we are developing a highly sensitive and specific ZIKV diagnostic PCR assay. (jcvi.org)
  • A neutralization test in vitro showed that the peptide-specific mouse antisera of IDE4 (242-256 aa) and HN341-355, a reported neutralizing linear epitope, could partially neutralize avirulent LaSota as well as virulent strains at similar levels, suggesting that IDE4 might be a potential neutralizing linear epitope. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The key puzzle is that some of the virally infected people can recover without any specific treatment while others persisted with the viral agent. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Other specific initiatives were conducted such as evaluation of the sublingual route for immunization, investigation of the Principal Immunodominant Domain (PID) of gp41, and direct HIV inhibition with an Ag family which demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities comparable to the antiretroviral drug T20 (Fuzeon). (europa.eu)
  • However, late viral escape from a narrowly directed immunodominant Gag-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte (CTL) response has been linked to AIDS progression in these individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most common response identified was that to a DR53 restricted epitope, aa281-295. (ox.ac.uk)