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VibrationHair Cells, AuditoryHairHair Cells, Auditory, InnerHair Cells, Auditory, OuterHair Cells, VestibularSaccule and UtricleCochleaOrgan of CortiHair FollicleHand-Arm Vibration SyndromeEar, InnerStereociliaHair Cells, AmpullaHearingMechanotransduction, CellularHair ColorHair DiseasesLateral Line SystemBasilar MembraneHair RemovalRaynaud DiseaseSpiral GanglionEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemFingersHair DyesHair PreparationsTranscription Factor Brn-3CAcoustic MaculaeVestibule, LabyrinthMechanoreceptorsElectric CapacitanceHearing LossHearing Loss, Noise-InducedRana catesbeianaCochlear NerveTectorial MembraneNeomycinCochlear DiseasesCochlear Microphonic PotentialsStria VascularisDeafnessHandTurtlesPhysical StimulationCiliaChinchillaOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousOccupational ExposureMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningSoundEndolymphNeurons, EfferentCochlear DuctOccupational DiseasesOtolithic MembraneRegenerationAuditory ThresholdGuinea PigsAcoustic StimulationTouchAlopeciaGerbillinaeGentamicinsVocal CordsNoiseZebrafishTympanic MembraneAccelerationPyridinium CompoundsNeurons, AfferentPacinian CorpusclesSkin TemperatureHearing Loss, SensorineuralProprioceptionMuscle SpindlesBiomechanical PhenomenaChickensMembrane PotentialsAnimals, NewbornSemicircular CanalsSensory ThresholdsArmTime FactorsOff-Road Motor VehiclesNeck MusclesReflex, StretchOrgan Culture TechniquesPhonationEar, MiddleSpectrum Analysis, RamanBackVestibulocochlear NerveConstruction IndustryBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsBatrachoidiformesRailroadsPresbycusisElectrophysiologySensation Disorders
EardrumOssiclesVibrateImpulsesSensoryCochlearAmplify the soundCalled the cochleaCortex in the temporalTympanicCanalLoudSignals to the brainBones amplifyIncusCarriesTransmitsExposureElectricalStimulationVestibularMiddle ear amplifiesOuterStereociliaBone conductionStapesNervesReceptorsStimulateReach the cochleaCause the fluidBasilar membraneExternalHearing impairmentFilled with fluidDamageEustachianStimulatesLine the cochleaCilia
Eardrum17
  • The eardrum vibrates from the incoming sound waves and sends these vibrations to three tiny bones in the middle ear. (cdc.gov)
  • Sound waves, which are vibrations, enter through the outer ear and reach the middle ear to vibrate the eardrum. (medel.com)
  • The eardrum vibrates, and sends the vibrations to the middle ear. (webmd.com)
  • Vibrations caused by the sound waves on the eardrum also causes the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes bones in the middle ear to vibrate. (betterhearing.org)
  • The outer ear includes the pinna , which is the visible part of the ear that protrudes from our heads, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane , or eardrum. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Sound waves entering the ear travel through the external auditory canal before striking the eardrum and causing it to vibrate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The sound waves pass through the auditory canal and reach the tympanic membrane, better known as the eardrum. (livescience.com)
  • The malleus, also known as the hammer, is connected to the eardrum and transmits sound vibrations to the incus, also known as the anvil. (hearingresearch.org)
  • When your outer ear collects sound waves, the vibrations funnel into the ear canal, through the eardrum, and into the middle ear, where they vibrate tiny bones called ossicles. (soundrelief.com)
  • The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear and helps to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sound vibrations that occur in the air are transmitted through the external auditory canal, the eardrum and the chain of auditory ossicles to the vestibular window of the labyrinth, causing wave-like movements of the perilymph, which, propagating, are transmitted to the spiral organ and excite receptors. (bystudin.com)
  • The outer ear includes the external auditory canal, a tube that leads from the outer ear to the eardrum. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • The ossicles translate mechanical vibrations received at the eardrum into the inner ear. (sierranevadahac.com)
  • First, the external ear canal picks up vibrations from sound and transmits them to the eardrum, causing it and three small attached auditory bones (called ossicles) in the middle ear to vibrate. (gerbes.com)
  • Your eardrum sends these vibrations through small bones in your middle ear (ossicles) into your inner ear (cochlea). (hearingsolutiongroup.com)
  • Now, these eardrum vibrations are moved to the ossicles present in middle ear. (ahrihospital.com)
  • When the soundwave hits the eardrum, a vibration is created, which passes through three tiny bones within the middle ear called the malleus, incus and stapes. (nelsonhearing.com)
Ossicles19
  • The sound vibrations travel through the ossicles to the inner ear. (medel.com)
  • This vibration results in movement of the three ossicles. (lumenlearning.com)
  • These vibrations are passed across the middle ear by three tiny bones: the malleus, incus and stapes (sometimes known as the hammer, anvil and stirrup, known together as the ossicles). (ndcs.org.uk)
  • In the middle ear, the eardrum's vibrations move the Malleus (hammer), the Incus (anvil) and the Stapes (stirrup) bones of the middle ear, collectively known as the ossicles. (nyogmd.com)
  • Movement of the ossicles causes vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea, the hearing portion of the inner ear. (nyogmd.com)
  • As the cochlear fluid vibrates, it moves thousands of tiny hair-like nerve cells that line the cochlear walls, which serves to convert the mechanical energy of the ossicles into the requisite electrical nerve impulses. (nyogmd.com)
  • The tympanic cavity is lined with mucosa and filled with air and the auditory ossicles, which are three tiny bones called the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup), according to Encyclopedia Britannica . (livescience.com)
  • This vibration moves the ossicles, transmitting sound further into the ear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • After the ossicles amplify the sound waves, the vibrations enter the cochlea. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These vibrations are then transmitted through the ossicles, which amplify the sound before passing it to the inner ear. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • These vibrations are then passed onto the ossicles, which act as a mechanical amplifier, increasing the intensity of the vibrations. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • When the vibrations from the ossicles reach the cochlea, the fluid inside vibrates. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • The vibrations are amplified via the auditory ossicles and sent to the cochlea in the inner ear. (lu.se)
  • These vibrations transmit to the inner ear through a series of tiny bones known as the ossicles. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • The ossicles take mechanical vibrations received at the tympanic membrane, increase the strength of these vibrations and transmit them into the inner ear. (otanahearing.com)
  • The cochlea changes the mechanical vibrations from the tympanic membrane and the ossicles into a sequence of electrical impulses. (otanahearing.com)
  • When they strike the tympanic membrane, the waves cause it to vibrate, setting off a chain of vibrations along the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) to the membrane of the oval window at the entrance to the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • These vibrations are transmitted to three small bones in the middle ear (called ossicles), then through the oval window into the inner ear, where they enter the cochlea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To help prevent damage to hair cells, the muscles in the middle ear contract to decrease the movement of the ossicles caused by loud noises, This response to loud noises is called the acoustic reflex. (msdmanuals.com)
Vibrate6
Impulses19
  • The hair cells turn the vibrations into electrical nerve impulses. (medel.com)
  • Hair cells convert the vibrations into electrical impulses that the auditory nerve sends to your brain, and your brain interprets as sound. (webmd.com)
  • As hair cells become activated, they generate neural impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. (lumenlearning.com)
  • That vibration generates nerve impulses that travel through the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are translated into sounds. (991thewhale.com)
  • These cells translate vibrations into electrical impulses that are carried to the brain by sensory nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A lifetime of noise exposure, plus age-related changes in the auditory nerve which relays sound impulses to the brain, takes a toll. (healthydirections.com)
  • These impulses travel from the cochlea up the auditory nerve, where they are received and given meaning and relevance by the brain. (nyogmd.com)
  • Here, the vibrations stimulate fluid and tiny hair cells, which translate the vibrations into electrical impulses. (soundrelief.com)
  • The brain detects these impulses via the auditory nerve and interprets them. (soundrelief.com)
  • These vibrations are then converted to electrical impulses in the inner ear. (infolific.com)
  • The inner ear is responsible for converting vibrations into electrical impulses sent to the brain. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • As vibrations cause the liquid in the cochlea to ripple, the hair cells sway, and their movement triggers electrical impulses. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • These impulses travel along the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • The hair cells change the movement into electrical impulses. (otanahearing.com)
  • 5. These electrical impulses are transmitted to the hearing (auditory) nerve and up to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound. (otanahearing.com)
  • The vibrations in the fluid stimulate the tiny, critical hair cells within the cochlea to convert sound waves into nerve impulses for transmission to the brain. (gerbes.com)
  • Sensorineural hearing loss involves a problem with the inner ear (cochlea), or with the transmission of electrical impulses along the auditory nerve, or with the brains' inability to process and comprehend the incoming electrical impulses. (hearingsolutiongroup.com)
  • After detecting the frequency or pitch of a sound, each hair cell generates nerve impulses that are transferred immediately along the auditory nerve. (ahrihospital.com)
  • The hair cells initiate nerve impulses that tell the brain which way the head is moving so that appropriate action can be taken to maintain balance. (msdmanuals.com)
Sensory11
  • Tiny sensory hair cells within the cochlea capture the vibrations and transform them into electrical signals. (betterhearing.org)
  • The cochlea is a fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells (hair cells) of the auditory system ( [link] ). (lumenlearning.com)
  • In simple terms, it is the damage to the sensory part or the Hair Cells and the nerves. (earguru.in)
  • Industrial noise: potentiating interactions - part 1: noise and vibration interactions: effects on hearing - part 2: the relation between hearing loss, sensory cell loss and tuning characteristics in the chinchilla. (cdc.gov)
  • In additional experiments, hearing loss, sensory cell loss and tuning characteristics were investigated in chinchillas after acoustic overstimulation. (cdc.gov)
  • There are hair cells, which are sensory cells, on top of the membrane. (americanhunter.org)
  • The sensory taste cells are specialised cells on the tongue, taste buds, which can distinguish between five tastes: sour, sweet, salty, umami and bitter. (lu.se)
  • Your auditory system is one of your body's most complex and delicate sensory systems. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • A colorized scanning electron micrograph showing sensory hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. (tutorstate.com)
  • Sensory cells, called hair cells, bend in the cochlea as the fluid is disrupted by the mechanical vibrations. (otanahearing.com)
  • Specifically, they've wanted to know how the protein helps sensory receptors called hair cells in the ear convert vibrations from the environment into electrical signals, which the brain interprets as sound. (azolifesciences.com)
Cochlear6
Amplify the sound3
  • These forces amplify the sound-induced vibrations within the tissues of the cochlea to enhance quiet sounds and sharpen frequency tuning. (usc.edu)
  • These bones amplify the sound vibrations and then these are sent to the cochlea which is snail-shaped structure full with fluids in the inner ear. (scirp.org)
  • The bones amplify the sound vibrations and send them to the inner ear, called the cochlea. (americanhunter.org)
Called the cochlea2
Cortex in the temporal2
  • Auditory information is shuttled to the inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and finally to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain for processing. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Talk into the ear and follow the sound's path via the ear canal into the auditory cortex in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. (lu.se)
Tympanic2
Canal11
  • They treat hearing loss through bone conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear-this is in contrast to regular hearing aids, which amplify acoustic sounds that enter the ear canal. (healthyhearing.com)
  • The outer ear consists of the pinna, which is the external skin and cartilage on both sides of our heads that we think of when we hear the word "ear," as well as the external auditory canal. (nyogmd.com)
  • Sound waves are funneled through the external ear and piped into the external auditory canal, according to Nebraska Medicine . (livescience.com)
  • The auditory canal is the part of the ear hole that can easily be seen when looking at an ear up-close. (livescience.com)
  • Tiny hairs line the ear canal to help to keep out dirt and other foreign objects. (earhealth.co.nz)
  • The ear canal, also called the external auditory meatus, is the other important component of the outer ear. (otanahearing.com)
  • The ear canal is lined with only a few layers of skin and fine hair, and is a highly vascularized area. (otanahearing.com)
  • The auricle and external acoustic meatus (or external auditory canal) compose the external ear. (medscape.com)
  • The external acoustic meatus (external auditory canal) is formed by cartilage and bone (temporal). (medscape.com)
  • The mandibular condyle sits anterior to the bony portion of the external acoustic meatus (external auditory canal). (medscape.com)
  • The mastoid air cells sit behind the bony portion of the canal (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Loud20
  • Loud noise can damage cells and membranes in the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • Listening to loud noise for a long time can overwork hair cells in the ear, which can cause these cells to die. (cdc.gov)
  • However, if loud noise damaged too many of the hair cells, some of them will die. (cdc.gov)
  • Repeated exposures to loud noises will over time destroy many hair cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The stereocilia (hair cells) of the inner ear can become subjected to bending from loud noises. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the resultant oxygen tension and diminished blood supply reaching the outer hair cells, their response to sound levels is lessened when exposed to loud sounds, rendering them less effective and putting more stress on the inner hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Physical activity also results in an increase in metabolic activity, which has already been increased as a result of the vibrations of loud sounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loud noise damages the hair cells in the cochlea. (webmd.com)
  • Prolonged exposure to loud noise causes the death of some of these cells. (webmd.com)
  • Loud noise can also damage the auditory nerve. (webmd.com)
  • But loud, intense sound exposure can destroy some hair cells in your ear, causing permanent damage even if some healthy hair cells remain and you can hear well enough. (webmd.com)
  • Different sounds cause different types of vibration which produce how loud we perceive a sound or the type of tone. (betterhearing.org)
  • Very loud sounds, especially during long periods of exposure, destroy the hair cells in certain regions of the cochlea. (991thewhale.com)
  • Exposure to loud noises damages the tiny hair cells in the inner ear that convert vibrations into signals the brain interprets as sound-and once these hair cells are gone, they can't grow back. (healthydirections.com)
  • Damage to the auditory system by loud sounds can be avoided by hearing protection devices (HPDs) such as earmuffs, earplugs, or both for maximum attenuation. (noiseandhealth.org)
  • Exposure to loud noises, such as music concerts or construction sites, can also damage the hair cells in the inner ear and lead to hearing loss. (hearingresearch.org)
  • Loud noises can hurt the hairs or nerve cells that send sound signals to the brain, especially when exposed for long periods. (westchambershearing.com)
  • However, if you shout into someone's ear, it can register at about 115 decibels and this is loud enough to cause damage to the auditory system. (clearhearingseattle.com)
  • While one loud concert probably won't permanently damage your auditory system, repeated exposure can lead to permanent threshold shift (PTS) . (nelsonhearing.com)
  • However, despite this protective reflex, loud noise can still damage and destroy hair cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Signals to the brain5
  • The auditory nerve carries the electrical signals to the brain where they are understood as sounds. (betterhearing.org)
  • The auditory never transports these signals to the brain subsequently. (scirp.org)
  • The Auditory nerves carry the signals to the brain. (earguru.in)
  • These hair cells are responsible for sending electrical signals to the brain, which are interpreted as sound. (hearingresearch.org)
  • One branch of this nerve, the auditory nerve, carries sound signals to the brain and another carries balance signals. (msdmanuals.com)
Bones amplify2
Incus2
  • Also called the hammer, it transmits sound vibrations to the incus, which passes them to the stapes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The incus then transmits the vibrations to the stapes, also known as the stirrup, which is connected to the cochlea in the inner ear. (hearingresearch.org)
Carries7
  • In addition to damaging hair cells, noise can also damage the auditory nerve that carries information about sounds to your brain. (cdc.gov)
  • The auditory nerve carries the electrical signals from the inner ear to the brain. (cdc.gov)
  • The auditory nerve also carries information from the brain to the cochlea. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hearing works in humans because of a series of events that changes soundwaves in the air into electrical signals, which the auditory nerve then carries to the brain. (americanhunter.org)
  • The auditory nerve carries the electrical signals from the cochlea to the brainstem, which processes the signals and sends them to the auditory cortex in the brain. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • Your auditory nerve then carries these signals to your brain through a complex series of steps. (hearingloss.org)
  • The auditory nerve carries this electrical signal to the brain, which turns it into a sound that we recognize and understand. (hearingloss.org)
Transmits1
  • But have you ever wondered how you hear or how your auditory system captures, transmits and deciphers sound? (earhealth.co.nz)
Exposure6
  • Listener fatigue (also known as listening fatigue or ear fatigue) is a phenomenon that occurs after prolonged exposure to an auditory stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • With more of such exposure, you will lose more hair cells until permanent hearing loss happens. (webmd.com)
  • The possibility that vibration exposure may potentiate the effects of exposure to noise, increasing the risk of damage to the ear and resultant hearing loss was investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • Chinchillas were exposed to a 30 hertz (Hz), 3g root mean square (RMS) and a 20Hz, 1.3g RMS cage vibration combined with a continuous noise of 95 decibels (dB), 125dB peak sound pressure level exposure paradigms. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect was only significant in the case of the stronger vibration exposure conditions and was particularly evident in the outer hair cell losses. (cdc.gov)
  • It is generally thought that exposure to sounds with an intensity of over 85 dBA, for a duration exceeding 8 h, can cause damage to the auditory system if no protection is provided,[1] with a trade-off between duration of unprotected exposure and intensity. (noiseandhealth.org)
Electrical20
  • As the waves peak, they cause tiny hair cells to bend, which converts the vibrations into electrical signals. (cdc.gov)
  • These neurons change the sound waves into electrical signals sent through the semicircular canals to the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
  • The auditory nerve sends the electrical signal to the brain to be interpreted into the sounds we hear. (hearingresearch.org)
  • As the hair cells move, they create a small electrical charge or signal. (ndcs.org.uk)
  • the hair cell portion of hearing is were the acoustical pressure waves are turned into electrical potentials) the electrial potentials transfer on the auditory nerve (I know thier is alot more to it) the electrical potentials are transfered to the brain which actually interpets the sound. (mast-victims.org)
  • Frequency was testing its hearing loss therapy, FX - 322 , in patients who have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is caused by damage to the tiny hair cells in the ear that turn vibrations into the electrical signals sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. (brave.com)
  • The Hair cells convert the sound vibration into electrical signals. (earguru.in)
  • The inner ear consists of the cochlea, which is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
  • These changes cause electrical pulses that then travel to the brain via an auditory nerve. (westchambershearing.com)
  • The cochlea is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • This causes the cilia to move, generating electrical signals that are sent to the auditory nerve. (lifetimehearingservices.com)
  • When that happens, chemicals rush into the cells, creating an electrical signal. (hearingloss.org)
  • Inside the cochlea are tiny hair cells that transmit the electrical signals along the auditory nerve to the brain. (infolific.com)
  • The hair cells convert the vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. (doms2cents.com)
  • This bending of the hair cells causes electrical signals to be sent to the brain by way of the auditory nerve. (otanahearing.com)
  • In the absence of this protein, electrical current can't enter hair cells, the conversion from vibration to electricity doesn't occur, and the brain cannot detect sound. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The stereocilia are then responsible for converting these vibrations into electrical pulses which are sent to the auditory cortex for processing and sound comprehension. (clearhearingseattle.com)
  • The movement activates the tiny hair cells that line the cochlea, creating an electrical impulse. (nelsonhearing.com)
  • This electrical impulse travels via the auditory nerve to the brain where it is interpreted as sound. (nelsonhearing.com)
  • When healthy, these hairs - more than 15,000 altogether - translate mechanical vibrations produced by sound into electrical signals and deliver them to the auditory nerve. (usc.edu)
Stimulation4
  • Outer hair cells serve as acoustic amplifiers for stimulation of the inner hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activation of hair cells is a mechanical process: the stimulation of the hair cell ultimately leads to activation of the cell. (lumenlearning.com)
  • With reduced auditory stimulation from the ears, the brain slowly loses its ability to process and comprehend sounds. (hearingsolutiongroup.com)
  • Use lossless audio file formats with high-quality headphones to optimize auditory stimulation. (hearingsolutiongroup.com)
Vestibular1
Middle ear amplifies1
Outer8
  • Outer hair cells respond primarily to low-intensity sounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can lead to fatigue and temporary hearing loss if the outer hair cells do not get the opportunity to recover through periods of silence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abstract: The exquisite sensitivity and frequency discrimination of mammalian hearing derive from forces generated by outer hair cells (OHCs) within the auditory portion of the inner ear, the cochlea. (usc.edu)
  • So far as microwaves being turned into acoustics, If you look into the auditory pathway -acoustics occur from external sound vibrations, entering the auditory pathway from the outer ear. (mast-victims.org)
  • They seem to have though it was the outer hair cells that were being directly stimulated to produce the effect. (mast-victims.org)
  • these changes were related to outer hair cell losses. (cdc.gov)
  • Conductive hearing loss occurs due to blockage or damage to the outer or middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss occurs due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
  • When everything is going smoothly, sound is collected by the outer ear and sent to the inner ear through a series of vibrations. (clearhearingseattle.com)
Stereocilia5
Bone conduction2
  • However, the attenuation can be limited by air conduction (AC) leakage around the earplugs and earmuffs by the occlusion effect (OE) and by skull vibrations initiating bone conduction (BC). (noiseandhealth.org)
  • Audiologic evaluation using ABR or auditory steady-state response provides frequency-specific hearing thresholds by air and bone conduction in each ear separately. (newbornprotips.com)
Stapes2
Nerves1
Receptors3
  • Therefore, hair cells that are in the base portion would be labeled as high-pitch receptors, while those in the tip of basilar membrane would be labeled as low-pitch receptors (Shamma, 2001). (lumenlearning.com)
  • The proteins in the cell membrane function as pumps, receptors and transporters and regulate which substances find their way into and out of the cell. (lu.se)
  • What directly activates the receptors of the auditory analyzer? (bystudin.com)
Stimulate1
  • High pitched sounds stimulate hair cells in lower portion of cochlea whereas the low pitched vibrations stimulate hair cells in the upper part. (ahrihospital.com)
Reach the cochlea1
Cause the fluid3
Basilar membrane3
External1
  • Actually, there may be additional physiological flanking mechanisms of hearing which would limit the attenuation provided by HPDs in the external auditory meatus (EAM). (noiseandhealth.org)
Hearing impairment2
  • Because they are not regeneratable in humans, any major damage or loss of these hair cells leads to permanent hearing impairment and other hearing-related diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • To do so, they must understand the nature of hearing loss and the equipment that can improve auditory reception, the linguistic and social development of children who have hearing impairment, and the educational and linguistic options available to children who are deaf or hard of hearing. (medscape.com)
Filled with fluid2
  • It's filled with fluid and contains thousands of tiny sound-sensitive cells. (ndcs.org.uk)
  • This conversion occurs in the cochlea, a spiral structure filled with fluid and lined with thousands of tiny hair cells. (earhealth.co.nz)
Damage4
Eustachian1
  • The middle ear inhabits the petrous portion of the temporal bone and is filled with air secondary to communication with the nasopharynx via the auditory (eustachian) tube (see the following image). (medscape.com)
Stimulates1
  • I think this hum effect is a auditory nerve reaction, that stimulates the auditory cortex. (mast-victims.org)
Line the cochlea1
Cilia2