• Images of the head of a 9-year-old mixed-breed dog with a 3-week history of ataxia and an acute-onset, nonprogressive, right-sided head tilt and a 6-month history of visual and hearing impairment and ocular discharge. (avma.org)
  • The sources of ataxia within the nervous system include spinal cord sensory pathways, vestibular system and the cerebellum. (vin.com)
  • These include vestibular ataxia, nystagmus, and strabismus. (ncraoa.com)
  • What is Vestibular Ataxia? (ncraoa.com)
  • Unlike the spinal cord or cerebellar (affecting the largest part of the brain, the cerebellum) types, vestibular ataxia stems from malfunctions in the inner ear and brainstem. (ncraoa.com)
  • Ataxia affects a pet's ability to coordinate their head, legs, and body. (vin.com)
  • Vestibular ataxia is caused by a problem in the vestibular system in the inner ear or within the balance center in the brain, both of which contribute to balance. (vin.com)
  • Pets with vestibular ataxia may have a head tilt, walk like they are going in a circle rather than straight ahead, and may have odd back-and-forth eye movements called nystagmus. (vin.com)
  • She showed rotary nystagmus, head tilt, and severe ataxia. (baywing.net)
  • Vestibular ataxia classically produces a head tilt although other symptoms are often present as well. (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • Central vestibular ataxia (brainstem is affected) - These dogs typically have an altered mental state (e.g., drowsiness). (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • Peripheral vestibular ataxia (inner ear is affected) - Dogs may have drooping on one side of their face (Horner's Syndrome) if facial nerves are affected. (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • Proprioceptive ataxia is different from vestibular and cerebellar ataxia because symptoms occur from the neck down (the head is not affected). (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • Additional signs of vestibular disease such as a head tilt and abnormal nystagmus are often present. (vin.com)
  • Veterinary Partner notes that a disruption of cranial nerve VIII causes vestibular disease, which manifests as an unsteady gait, weakness, head tilt and nystagmus (abnormal eye movement). (hillspet.com)
  • Along with a head tilt, affected dogs will having something known as nystagmus. (vitalvet.org)
  • Reversing the head maneuver causes the particles to move in the opposite direction, producing nystagmus in the same axis but reversed in direction of rotation. (medscape.com)
  • When repeating the head maneuvers, the otoliths tend to become dispersed and thus are progressively less effective in producing the vertigo and nystagmus (hence, the concept of fatigability). (medscape.com)
  • You may also notice a head tilt and rapid back-and-forth eye movements (nystagmus). (petsradar.com)
  • Vestibular disorders can result in nystagmus because the vestibular system and the oculomotor nuclei are interconnected. (msdmanuals.com)
  • or altered vestibular function may benefit from computerized videonystagmography (VNG) or electronystagmography (ENG), which quantifies spontaneous, gaze, or positional nystagmus that might not be visually detectable. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If your canine has an idiopathic vestibular disease and he cannot eat or is dehydrated from vomiting, you must consider keeping him in the vet clinic. (oxfordpets.com)
  • And while it's natural to think the worst when these symptoms arise, they - along with some other disturbing signs - can also indicate a much less serious condition called idiopathic vestibular disease in dogs. (thewildest.com)
  • Idiopathic vestibular disease is the most commonly diagnosed form of vestibular disease in pets. (thewildest.com)
  • With idiopathic vestibular disease, the cause is typically unknown, and treatment isn't required as it often resolves by itself with supportive care. (thewildest.com)
  • There's a very loose rule of thumb: If there is gradual or complete improvement within 72 hours, it's likely the dog has idiopathic vestibular disease and additional testing is not necessary. (thewildest.com)
  • Because of this, some scientists assert that "canine idiopathic vestibular disease" is a more accurate term ("idiopathic," meaning the disease's cause is unknown). (ncraoa.com)
  • Idiopathic vestibular disease is the most common form of vestibular disease in dogs and cats. (vin.com)
  • Idiopathic vestibular health problem is a short-term problem that settles by itself. (thehealthesenior.biz)
  • Idiopathic vestibular disease is a short-term disorder that settles by itself. (deafgz.com)
  • While idiopathic vestibular disease can recur in dogs after initial improvement, it is less common than with strokes and the interval between episodes is typically longer with idiopathic vestibular disease (months or more) versus strokes (days to weeks or more). (lyotomachida.net)
  • It's possible that your dog could have more than one episode of idiopathic vestibular disease. (lyotomachida.net)
  • With idiopathic vestibular disease, marked improvement is usually evident in this time frame, with the pet returning to normal in 7 to 14 days (although in some dogs, a head tilt will still persist). (lyotomachida.net)
  • This is not typical for Idiopathic Vestibular Disease. (baywing.net)
  • Idiopathic vestibular syndrome: many cases of vestibular disease in older cats have no known cause. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Idiopathic vestibular syndrome has no specific cure. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Examples include middle or inner ear infections and idiopathic vestibular disease, which typically occurs in geriatric dogs. (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • Common symptoms include a head tilt, vertigo , nausea, and difficulty walking (or even standing). (thewildest.com)
  • For a dog showing the symptoms of vestibular disease, veterinarians will first review the possible causes, check for infection, and may advise the use of an MRI. (thewildest.com)
  • While the cause is most often idiopathic (unknown), there may be other potential sources for your pup's vestibular disease symptoms. (thewildest.com)
  • What Are the Symptoms of Vestibular Disease in Dogs? (thewildest.com)
  • Luckily, the symptoms of vestibular disease usually only last a day or two. (healthypetvetclinic.com)
  • As you can imagine, the symptoms of vestibular disease in dogs relate to a loss of balance and not knowing which way is up. (vitalvet.org)
  • After it is certain that vestibular disease is the cause of the pet's symptoms, very little can be done. (pawztocare.com)
  • If you've noticed concerning neurological or vestibular symptoms in your dog such as increased or decreased appetite, loss of balance, vomiting and seizures, you are likely very concerned for your four-legged friend's health and searching for answers. (atlanticcoastvet.com)
  • That said, the first typical symptoms of brainstem disease are vestibular symptoms (loss of balance) and weakness on one side of the body. (atlanticcoastvet.com)
  • For example, when you are vitamin D deficient, you may experience a decrease in the effectiveness of the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance leading to vertigo symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo episodes, and a feeling of motion sickness. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • When this happens, you can experience debilitating symptoms that worsen when you excessively move your head. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • Properly aligned and balanced Upper Cervical spine promotes better functioning of your nervous and vestibular system for long-term relief from vertigo and other symptoms related to vestibular dysfunction. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • Some disorders are not actually disorders at all, rather they are symptoms of accidents involving head trauma or a prolonged lack of oxygen to the brain. (dogvills.com)
  • Visit IsItMyEyes.com to find out if your head tilt , neck ache, headache, or other symptoms could be caused by a vision misalignment. (vision-specialists.com)
  • A number of things can cause vestibular disease symptoms, but sometimes the cause is unknown. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Vets usually diagnose vestibular disease based on your cat's symptoms. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Immediate treatment of vestibular disease symptoms includes supportive treatment and treating any underlying cause. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Vestibular disease is a neurological issue that's commonly diagnosed in older dogs. (petloverscentre.com)
  • In a nutshell, the vestibular apparatus is the neurological equipment responsible for perceiving your body's orientation relative to the earth (determining if you are upside down, standing up straight, falling, etc.), which informs your eyes and extremities how they should move accordingly. (vin.com)
  • To diagnose vestibular disease, the veterinarian carefully performs diagnostic tests, examining the ear canals and performing a neurological exam. (pawztocare.com)
  • Mohamed Elrakhawy, M.D., resident physician in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University at Buffalo, explains that ​there are five organs in each inner ear responsible for determining the body's orientation. (scifidimensions.com)
  • Vestibular disease in dogs is a balance disorder of the inner ear that affects the vestibular system. (thewildest.com)
  • Moving forward, both ear canals are examined and if an infection is suspected, antibiotic medication will be discussed, as inner ear disease is a possible cause of vestibular signs. (thewildest.com)
  • When a cat is battling a severe infection, they may lose their sense of balance or suffer "head tilt," which is characterized by the persistent turn of the head that usually indicates an issue in with the middle or inner ear. (pictures-of-cats.org)
  • For example, if your dog received a blunt force injury to the head, this can damage its inner ear, leading to vestibular system complications. (ncraoa.com)
  • Peripheral vestibular disease is caused by disorders of the inner ear (the body's balance center), whereas central vestibular disease arises from balance issues within the brain. (pawztocare.com)
  • Benign positional vertigo (BPV) is caused by calcium carbonate particles called otoliths (or otoconia) that are inappropriately displaced into the semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth of the inner ear. (medscape.com)
  • With balance retraining and vestibular rehabilitation, our goal is to improve balance function and visual motor control, increase general activity levels, and help your body compensate for inner ear disorders. (fyzical.com)
  • Our harmonizing feeling lies in our ears: The vestibular system is housed in the inner ear and is in charge of equilibrium. (thehealthesenior.biz)
  • The systems infected include the brain and brain stem, as well as vestibular system, or the inner ear. (greatpetcare.com)
  • Balance receptors in the inner ear (the vestibular system) provide information to the CNS about head and body movements. (cdc.gov)
  • These include (but are not limited to) infections of the inner ear, head injury, drug or environmental toxicity, cerebrovascular insults, degenerative changes due to aging or illness, and autoimmune reactions. (cdc.gov)
  • The vestibular system is comprised of the brainstem and inner ear. (wherearethepetfoodchampions.com)
  • It is a series of head movements to reposition the canaliths in your inner ear. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cats with this form of vestibular disease are less likely to recover. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Also, there are many medicines available to control vomiting and nausea related to vestibular disease. (oxfordpets.com)
  • In older dogs we can sometimes have a stroke-like episode called vestibular disease which can cause a head tilt. (askavetquestion.com)
  • Patients often blame themselves or feel like they're losing it when dealing with vertigo," says Joey Remenyi, MClinAud-vestibular audiologist, neuroplasticity therapist, and author of Rock Steady: Healing Vertigo or Tinnitus with Neuroplasticity . (scifidimensions.com)
  • Another study published in the Journal of Vestibular Research found that there were elevated cortisol levels in dizzy patients with a diagnosed cause of vertigo, compared to those with idiopathic dizziness. (scifidimensions.com)
  • Vertigo is an illusion of motion (an illusion is a misperception of a real stimulus) and represents a disorder of the vestibular proprioceptive system. (medscape.com)
  • Benign positional vertigo is one of the few neurologic entities the emergency physician can cure at the patient's bedside by performing a series of simple and safe head-hanging maneuvers. (medscape.com)
  • Vertigo in young patients is more likely to be caused by labyrinthitis (associated with hearing loss) or vestibular neuronitis (normal hearing). (medscape.com)
  • To learn more about the connection between head and neck injuries and vertigo, download our complimentary e-book by clicking the image below. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • If you've ever had to endure injuries or physical trauma in the neck or head, don't be surprised if vertigo and other health concerns come out at some point after the incident. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • When the Upper Cervical bones become misaligned, it can interfere with the functioning of your vestibular system and put undue pressure on your brainstem, an integral part of your nervous system, which can all lead to vertigo episodes. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • Therefore, correcting this misalignment is crucial to ensure your vestibular and nervous systems no longer have to deal with interference, function normally again, and reduce and potentially eliminate vertigo episodes. (atlasspinalcare.com)
  • Changes in body posture that require shifting one's weight or moving the head are particularly problematic, and can induce vertigo. (cdc.gov)
  • Avoid head positions that trigger positional vertigo. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Computerized VNG or ENG caloric testing quantifies the strength of response of the vestibular system to cool and warm irrigations in each ear, enabling the physician to discriminate unilateral weakness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dogs suffering from the vestibular syndrome may manifest some heavy panting even after small walks. (lyotomachida.net)
  • Vestibular Syndrome occurs when a dog's balance center suddenly goes haywire, and the dog begins to feel like the room is spinning. (dogvills.com)
  • Vestibular Syndrome can occur ideopathically or secondary to an ear infection . (dogvills.com)
  • There are two types of vestibular disease, peripheral and central, with peripheral vestibular disease being more common. (pawztocare.com)
  • Crane BT, Minor LB. Peripheral vestibular disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most rabbits with neurologic signs show vestibular dysfunction only. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the term "seizure" could mean an attack of syncope, cataplexy, vestibular dysfunction, or behavior related to pain, instead of a true epileptic seizure. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Three semicircular canals , positioned at approximately right angles to one another, are fluid-filled gyroscopes that signal head rotations to the brain (like nodding up and down, shaking side to side, and tilting left and right). (scifidimensions.com)
  • In addition, Horowitz says that when we're stressed, our hormone cortisol increases, which in turn affects our vestibular system, the part of the brain that controls balance and makes us feel off-kilter, as if we're on a boat while grounded. (scifidimensions.com)
  • A dog's vestibular system is composed of portions of the brain and ear and is responsible for maintaining balance. (thewildest.com)
  • A tumor in the brain could cause a head tilt, but again this would be uncommon in a young dog. (askavetquestion.com)
  • The short version is that the vestibular system consists of the structures of the middle ear, the nerves that carry their messages to the brain/central nervous system, and the brain/central nervous system itself. (vin.com)
  • These hair cells are part of sensory nerves that carry the appropriate message to the cerebellum (part of the brain that coordinates walking, running, and any other locomotion) and to four vestibular nuclei in the brain stem. (vin.com)
  • The name of the disease reflects the involvement of the vestibular system, the group of structures and nerves that are responsible for balance, found next to the middle ear and relaying information about which way is up to the brain. (vitalvet.org)
  • Because the otoliths are denser than the surrounding endolymph, changes in vertical head movement causes the otoliths to tilt the hair cells, which sends a signal informing the brain that the head is tilting up or down. (medscape.com)
  • As the otoliths move, endolymph moves along with them and this stimulates the hair cells of the cupula of the affected semicircular canal, sending a signal to the brain that the head is turning when it is not. (medscape.com)
  • In order to understand how Vestibular Rehabilitation works and the underlying corrective mechanisms, it is important to remember that the primary role of the vestibular system is to tell the brain where the head is in space. (fyzical.com)
  • Quite simply, the vestibular system is our internal reference telling the brain how our head is orientated - up, down, tilt, etc. (fyzical.com)
  • The ear is divided into three regions that function en masse to gather and also transmit noises to the brain: the outer ear, the center ear, and also the internal ear. (deafgz.com)
  • The vestibular systems signal to the brain to let the eyes and extremities know what they are supposed to do. (vin.com)
  • Long-term head down tilt bed rest, an established spaceflight analog, leads to a superior-posterior shift of the brain within the skull, 3 suggesting that microgravity exposure may lead to similar results. (nature.com)
  • Cancer and brain inflammation cause more severe vestibular disease. (joiipetcare.com)
  • These include behavioral causes, conditions that affect the brain and/or vestibular system (which is responsible for balance), and other medical concerns. (petsradar.com)
  • A blow to the head can cause damage and inflammation in the brain, which may result in circling. (petsradar.com)
  • Other causes of vestibular disease in dogs include ear infection , hypothyroidism , tumors, other diseases, and trauma. (thewildest.com)
  • People with chronic balance disorders are significantly disabled in many day-to-day functions, particularly those that require stabilizing the body during weight-shifting, bending, or rapid head motion. (cdc.gov)
  • Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) estimates that up to two-thirds of children with acquired deafness have severe vestibular deficits (NIDCD, 1995). (cdc.gov)
  • Whether head tilting in dogs is normal or abnormal depends on the individual dog and the context of the behavior. (greatpetcare.com)
  • We consider that jaw muscle proprioceptive Vme neurons projecting to the III/IV and INC would sense spindle activity if the jaw muscle is stretched by gravity dragged mandible or connection between mandible and clavicle during head rolling. (listlabs.com)
  • In order to determine prognosis and choose treatment, one needs to figure out what has happened to the vestibular system. (vin.com)
  • In reality, true strokes are much less common in dogs and the prognosis for vestibular disease is normally much better as I'll discuss in a bit. (vitalvet.org)
  • What is the prognosis for Border Collie with vestibular disease? (lyotomachida.net)
  • What is the prognosis of vestibular disease? (lyotomachida.net)
  • The prognosis for recovery from vestibular disease is very much dependent on the underlying cause of the clinical signs. (lyotomachida.net)
  • When an old dog suddenly starts walking like a drunken sailor, with their head tilted, many pet parents assume it's due to a stroke or seizure. (thewildest.com)
  • If you have an old dog who has suddenly started to stumble and act drunk, developed a head tilt or even can't get up then there is a real chance they are suffering from a condition known as vestibular disease. (vitalvet.org)
  • Vestibular disease comes on suddenly and can look scarily as if your cat has had a stroke. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Vestibular signs are commonly (and usually incorrectly) referred to as a stroke. (vin.com)
  • Vestibular disease is commonly misdiagnosed as a seizure, stroke, or poisoning. (pawztocare.com)
  • Patients with head trauma may also sustain spinal trauma and should be handled cautiously until these injuries have been evaluated. (vin.com)
  • The otoliths may become displaced from the utricle by aging, head trauma, or labyrinthine disease. (medscape.com)
  • Some dog breed types, such as spaniels and brachycephalic breeds, may have a higher predisposition for vestibular disease in dogs. (thewildest.com)
  • According to one study , French Bulldogs, Bulldogs, King Charles Spaniels, Springer Spaniels, Boxers, Cocker Spaniels, and Golden Retrievers are some breeds with the highest odds of vestibular disease, but the condition can affect any dog breed including mixed breeds . (thewildest.com)
  • Dog breeds that are considered to be more intelligent are more likely to tilt their heads to listen more intently. (petloverscentre.com)
  • In elder damaged canines, a persistent, usually irreversible, head tilt might happen, yet this is unusual in pet cats. (thehealthesenior.biz)
  • In older damaged canines, a persistent, frequently long-term, head tilt may take place, yet this is unusual in felines. (deafgz.com)
  • When a medical issue is the cause of head tilting, the tilt will be persistent and may occur when the dog is still or moving, Lindell says. (greatpetcare.com)
  • Then the physical test will confirm the signs of vestibular disease. (oxfordpets.com)
  • For instance, anaemia can cause similar signs as a vestibular disease. (oxfordpets.com)
  • While a vascular accident is a possible cause of vestibular signs, it is a rare cause. (vin.com)
  • Neck ache and head tilt: signs of a subtle vision misalignment Just about everyone has experienced a sore neck at one time or another. (vision-specialists.com)
  • A cat with vestibular disease may have trouble keeping its balance. (healthypetvetclinic.com)
  • As well as balance, the vestibular system also helps with the control of posture and keeping the body (and head) horizontal or at least know which way up is! (vitalvet.org)
  • These sacs are filled with a fluid, and when the orientation of your head changes the shifting fluid agitates the hairs on your cells, producing the sensation of balance and movement. (nethercraft.net)
  • The vestibular system is a main contributor to physical balance. (fyzical.com)
  • Vestibular Rehabilitation is a form of Balance Retraining Therapy. (fyzical.com)
  • At FYZICAL, we have a comprehensive balance program that includes assessment and evaluation programs, balance retraining, and vestibular rehabilitation. (fyzical.com)
  • Well by definition old dog vestibular disease is an ailment that affects a dog's balance and is commonly observed in dogs that are 8 years old or more. (lyotomachida.net)
  • We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Cathers,Ian, AU - Day,Brian L, AU - Fitzpatrick,Richard C, Y1 - 2004/12/23/ PY - 2004/12/25/pubmed PY - 2005/6/25/medline PY - 2004/12/25/entrez SP - 229 EP - 34 JF - The Journal of physiology JO - J Physiol VL - 563 IS - Pt 1 N2 - We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is estimated that at least half of the overall population of the United States are affected by a balance or vestibular disorder sometime during life. (cdc.gov)
  • Vestibular disease is the most common cause of sudden balance problems in cats. (joiipetcare.com)
  • The testing can be done under various conditions, including with the platform stationary or moving, flat or tilted, and with the patient's eyes open or closed, which can help isolate the contribution of the vestibular system to balance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Subjective body orientation in neglect and the interactive contribution of neck muscle proprioception and vestibular stimulation. (cognitiveatlas.org)
  • Actually, when the head tilts, which generates cervico-ocular reflex, not only the neck muscle is activated, but also the jaw muscle is stretched by gravity dragged mandible and/or tissue-muscle connection between the mandible and clavicle. (listlabs.com)
  • American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This vestibular disease is also known as the old dog's disease as it usually affects aged canines. (oxfordpets.com)
  • It affects the head, trunk and limbs. (vin.com)
  • Dog vestibular disease is a term that reflects abnormality in the vestibular part (balancing) of the nervous system. (oxfordpets.com)
  • Vestibular disease is an abnormality of your cat's nervous system. (joiipetcare.com)
  • Problematic head tilting may also occur when a dog is walking in a circle , Learn adds. (greatpetcare.com)
  • This is despite the fact that recently reported optic nerve structural changes are hypothesized to occur due to increased intracranial pressure occurring with fluid shifts towards the head in microgravity. (nature.com)
  • It may occur when you move your head in a certain position. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatosensory vestibular interaction" is a known extra source to facilitate VOR, and cervico-ocular reflex is a representative for torsional VOR compensation. (listlabs.com)
  • 5 Unknown Reasons Why Dogs Tilt Their Heads [+ Cute GIFs! (petloverscentre.com)
  • Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads: Are They Really Confused Or Acting Cute? (petloverscentre.com)
  • Read on to learn the 5 reasons why dogs tilt their heads and when it's a cry for help! (petloverscentre.com)
  • One of the more practical reasons why dogs tilt their heads is to help them see better. (petloverscentre.com)
  • According to their observation, dogs tilt their heads to listen carefully when their pawrent is explaining something. (petloverscentre.com)
  • There are several reasons why dogs tilt their heads. (petloverscentre.com)
  • Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads? (greatpetcare.com)
  • Though there is no evidence to suggest that dogs tilt their heads deliberately to look cuter, one study suggests a head tilt can increase their cuteness factor ( 2 ). (greatpetcare.com)
  • Vestibular disease occurs when the nerves have difficulty performing these functions. (pawztocare.com)
  • What on Earth is the Vestibular Apparatus? (vin.com)
  • The vestibular apparatus allows us to walk, even run, on uneven ground without falling, helps us know when we need to right ourselves, and allows our eyes to follow moving objects without becoming dizzy. (vin.com)
  • If there is trouble in the vestibular apparatus, then you may not properly perceive your orientation. (vin.com)
  • and of the vestibular apparatus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • One small study with 10 healthy volunteers investigated the stress response after vestibular stimulation and found that cortisol levels were elevated above resting levels during simulation. (scifidimensions.com)
  • These scientists represented disciplines that included molecular biology, molecular genetics, developmental neurobiology, auditory and vestibular morphophysiology, gravitational biology and motor control. (nih.gov)
  • Gravitational insecurity is a form of over-responsiveness to vestibular input. (nspt4kids.com)
  • There are many possible causes of vestibular disease, though the exact catalyst is often unable to be determined. (pawztocare.com)
  • While vestibular disease may cause your dog some mild discomfort, motion sickness and a lack of coordination, the good news is that the condition it isn't painful or dangerous and will likely clear-up on its own without treatment within a few weeks. (lyotomachida.net)
  • When it comes to ear-related triggers for head tilting, you may also notice your dog shaking their head . (greatpetcare.com)
  • The pet's head and torso sway and stagger (see video) and their feet step up high and wide in an exaggerated walk as though they are about to go up steps even though they're not. (vin.com)
  • The vestibular system helps your pet stay upright when walking forward and lets you walk or run on uneven ground without falling. (vin.com)
  • Trouble with other nerves controlling the head and face. (vin.com)