• During embryonic development, various niche factors act on embryonic stem cells to alter gene expression, and induce their proliferation or differentiation for the development of the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the human body, stem-cell niches maintain adult stem cells in a quiescent state, but after tissue injury, the surrounding micro-environment actively signals to stem cells to promote either self-renewal or differentiation to form new tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is because for regenerative therapies, cell proliferation and differentiation must be controlled in flasks or plates, so that sufficient quantity of the proper cell type are produced prior to being introduced back into the patient for therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • In hematopoietic tissues, a group of ECs are highly specialized and constitute the vascular HSPC niche to support HSPC maturation, expansion, and differentiation. (go.jp)
  • The team visualized endothelial differentiation step-by-step from the endoderm to the HSPC niche-constituting ECs via islet1+ endothelial progenitors by live imaging-based lineage tracing. (go.jp)
  • Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
  • There is an immense functional heterogeneity among stem cell within a population, considering proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Chemical inhibition of Notch signaling suppressed cell proliferation in the branchial sac and regeneration blastema and prevented OPO replacement and siphon muscle mass cell differentiation. (researchhunt.com)
  • During vertebrate embryogenesis , fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit expansion and differentiation properties in a supportive hematopoietic niche. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast with this model, this study shows that genetic ablation of the PSC does not cause an increase in blood cell differentiation or a loss of blood cell progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Further, premature blood cell differentiation when PSC specification or signaling was impaired, led to assigning the PSC a role equivalent to the vertebrate hematopoietic niche. (sdbonline.org)
  • The PSC contributes to lymph gland homeostasis by regulating blood cell differentiation, rather than by maintaining core progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
  • The discovery of the Posterior Signaling Center (PSC), a group of cells controlling blood cell differentiation in the larval Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland (LG), has made Drosophila a model to investigate the interaction between hematopoietic progenitors and their microenvironment. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • DHH/PTC1 signaling triggers differentiation of Leydig cells by up-regulating Steroidogenic Factor 1 and expression of cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage enzyme located outside testicular cord [ 145 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • Researchers identify the origin of endothelial cells that constitute the vascular niche for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in zebrafish. (go.jp)
  • When these islet1 -lineage ECs were specifically ablated, most of the HSPCs were lost from the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), a transient vascular niche for HSPCs in zebrafish (Figure 1B). (go.jp)
  • Therefore, this study provides evidence that the origin of ECs, at least in part, determines their specialization and heterogeneity in the HSPC niche in zebrafish. (go.jp)
  • In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. (mdpi.com)
  • In zebrafish, primitive hematopoiesis occurs at early somite stages in the intermediate cell mass (ICM) and the rostral blood island (RBI). (amegroups.org)
  • and the RBI cells are derived from the lateral mesoderm of the zebrafish head and differentiate into macrophages ( 4 - 8 ). (amegroups.org)
  • A single-cell resolution developmental atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion in zebrafish. (bvsalud.org)
  • To profile the developmental landscape of fetal HSPCs and their local niche, here, using single- cell RNA -sequencing, we deciphered a dynamic atlas covering 28,777 cells and 9 major cell types (23 clusters) of zebrafish caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, we identified an endothelial cell -specific G protein -coupled receptor 182, followed by in vivo and in vitro functional validation of its evolutionally conserved role in supporting HSPC expansion in zebrafish and mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • [2] [17] It has been shown in zebrafish that Müller glia undergo dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells . (iiab.me)
  • My lab studies these mechanisms in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate species whose embryos bear considerable genetic and anatomical similarity to those of humans. (ucsf.edu)
  • The niche saves stem cells from depletion, while protecting the host from over-exuberant stem-cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, the minimum probability of double-hit mutant generation corresponds to purely symmetric division of SCs with a large proliferation rate of border stem cells along with a small, but non-zero, proliferation rate of central stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In adult mammals, the number of newly generated cells match the number of lost cells, so they exhibit a fixed organismal size despite of massive stem cell proliferation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Injury of fish brain creates special conditions for the implementation of genetic programs aimed at strengthening the proliferation of progenitor cells, as well as the activation and proliferation activity in the neuronal stem cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Dysregulated cell proliferation underlies all forms of oncogenesis. (wisc.edu)
  • Chemical inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway reduced the levels of cell proliferation in the branchial sac, a stem cell niche that contributes progenitor cells to the regenerating OS, and in the OS regeneration blastema, where siphon muscle mass fibers eventually re-differentiate. (researchhunt.com)
  • 2007). The stem cells of the branchial sac initiate proliferation in response to distal injuries and invade the wounded areas to form the blastema (Jeffery, 2015b). (researchhunt.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs regulate the G1-S transition and promote rapid proliferation. (ca.gov)
  • Dr. Rajaguru Aradhya and Jagla, K., "Insulin-dependent Non-canonical Activation of Notch in Drosophila: A Story of Notch-Induced Muscle Stem Cell Proliferation", in Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer: Molecular Biology of Notch Signaling, vol. 1227, J. Reichrath and Reichrath, S., Eds. (amrita.edu)
  • The word 'niche' can be in reference to the in vivo or in vitro stem-cell microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists are studying the various components of the niche and trying to replicate the in vivo niche conditions in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, even these conditions may not truly mimic in vivo niche conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Though the concept of stem cell niche was prevailing in vertebrates, the first characterization of stem cell niche in vivo was worked out in Drosophila germinal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] By continuous intravital imaging in mice, researchers were able to explore the structure of the stem cell niche and to obtain the fate of individual stem cells (SCs) and their progeny over time in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • A similar dependence of self-renewal potential on proximity to the niche border was reported in the context of hair follicle, in an in vivo live-imaging study. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are tackling functional heterogeneities on somatic stem cells by combining metabolic reporters in vivo with lineage progression. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The existence of niches has long been predicted from mammalian studies, but identifying stem cells in their native environments in vivo has remained a challenge in most vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Un rôle majeur des prostaglandines dans l'hématopoïèse, ainsi mis en évidence, a pu être étendu à la souris chez qui un traitement par la prostaglandine PGE2 provoque la multiplication des CSH in vivo et in vitro, un résultat qui génerera très probablement des applications cliniques. (hypotheses.org)
  • This study aims to characterize the role of biomechanical modulation of the hemogenic vascular niche in HSC formation in vivo and in vitro, with the overall goal of identifying the signaling pathway(s) connecting select biophysical forces to the gene regulatory network controlling HSC commitment. (grantome.com)
  • Transcription factor induction of vascular blood stem cell niches in vivo. (stembook.org)
  • These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying hematopoietic niche for HSPC expansion in vivo and provide insights into improving protocols for HSPC expansion in vitro . (bvsalud.org)
  • Probing cell type-specific functions of Gi in vivo identifies GPCR regulators of insulin secretion. (ca.gov)
  • Stem-cell niche refers to a microenvironment, within the specific anatomic location where stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, it is still unclear when and how the fate of HSPC niche-constituting ECs is determined. (go.jp)
  • The ontogeny and fate of stem cells have been extensively investigated by lineage-tracing approaches. (nature.com)
  • Christophorou N, Mende M, Lleras-Forero L, Grocott T, Streit A (2010) Pax2 coordinates epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate in the inner ear. (springer.com)
  • While mechanical properties of the niche, including sheer stress and circumferential stretch, are increasingly recognized as important stem cell cues in many contexts, the mechanism(s) by which mechanotransduction drives commitment to hemogenic fate and HSC productionduring vertebrate development remain largely unexplored. (grantome.com)
  • Microenvironmental control of hematopoietic stem cell fate via CXCL8 and protein kinase C. Cell Rep. 2023;42(5):112528. (stembook.org)
  • PGE alters chromatin through H2A.Z-variant enhancer nucleosome modification to promote hematopoietic stem cell fate. (stembook.org)
  • The maintenance of stem or progenitor cell fate relies on intrinsic factors as well as local cues from the cellular microenvironment and systemic signaling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Together, this study shows that the PSC is dispensable for blood cell progenitor maintenance and reveals the key role of the conserved transcription factor Col as an intrinsic regulator of hematopoietic progenitor fate. (sdbonline.org)
  • Dlx1 and Dlx2 control neuronal versus oligodendroglial cell fate acquisition in the developing forebrain. (ca.gov)
  • Indian hedgehog regulates intestinal stem cell fate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development. (ca.gov)
  • Feedback regulation of cell fate decisions within tissues is one strategy by which developing embryos buffer a wide range of perturbations to achieve healthy outcomes. (ucsf.edu)
  • My research seeks to understand feedback mechanisms that underlie cell fate and tissue pattern robustness, as well as the disease states that arise when these mechanisms fail. (ucsf.edu)
  • It constitutes a basic unit of tissue physiology, integrating signals that mediate the balanced response of stem cells to the needs of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • They also serve as specialized vascular niches that provide instructive signals to tissue-specific stem cells or parenchymal cells for tissue formation and repair. (go.jp)
  • We have generated several transgenic lines to explore how neuromasts are created after embryonic development (Development 144, 687-697), which are their cells of origin and which and how they integrate the signals from the environment to trigger organ formation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The inner ear contains sensory epithelia composed of mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons that work in concert to detect sound and positional information and transmit those signals to the brain. (springer.com)
  • Blood cell production in the Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland , is controlled by intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Understanding how signals might inform cells of their positional identity, directionality, and interactions and organize these functions in diverse tissue-specific patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, recent advances in microscopy revealed that both signal-producing and receiving cells could extend signaling filopodia named cytonemes and selectively deliver or receive signals through cytoneme-cell contact sites 4 - 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • These findings bring along a paradox - not only do signals instruct cells and organize discrete cellular patterns, but cells also control the patterns of signal presentation and reception by organizing the distribution of cytonemes and cytoneme contacts 6 , 9 . (biorxiv.org)
  • This interdependent relationship of signals and signaling cells through cytonemes, however, would require precise spatiotemporal coordination between cytoneme contact formation and signal release. (biorxiv.org)
  • Maintaining HSCs depends on signals provided by a complex micro-environment, called the « niche », which is made of vascular and osteoblastic cells. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • [7] Paneth cells support the physical barrier of the epithelium by providing essential niche signals to their neighboring intestinal stem cells. (handwiki.org)
  • islet1 + -derived ECs (green) are mainly located in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), a transient vascular niche for HSPCs. (go.jp)
  • VCAM-1+ macrophages guide the homing of HSPCs to a vascular niche. (amegroups.org)
  • The overall goal is to integrate the different communications between the vascular niche and the LG, and between the PSC and hemocyte progenitors, in order to have a global view of hematopoietic stems cells maintenance of and the control of Drosophila hematopoiesis in normal conditions and upon parasitsism. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • Another interesting and little known aspect is the posttraumatic ability of fish to form active neurogenic niches. (intechopen.com)
  • Investigation of the structural organizations of neurogenic niches and special conditions of the extracellular environment, as well as the interactions between neighboring cells in a neurogenic niche, is interesting and relevant direction in the study of the neuronal stem cells biology. (intechopen.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the role of Pax6 in embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis, namely, production of new neurons from neural stem/progenitor cells, because Pax6 is intensely expressed in these cells from the initial stage of CNS development and in neurogenic niches (the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle) throughout life. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
  • and b) how do stem cells in different tissues coordinate their functions for the fish to maintain its shape during permanent growth? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Without the self-renewing capacity of stem cells, these tissues quickly cease to function properly, leading to various conditions including infertility, anemia and immunodeficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First proposed by Schofield in 1978 [ 3 ], the niche hypothesis posits that specific locations or microenvironments within tissues prevent the maturation of resident stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Not only is this overall arrangement conserved, but the manner in which these axial tissues are produced is similar across vertebrate species. (silverchair.com)
  • The Hh gene family encodes a secreted protein that plays a critical regulatory role in the process of embryogenesis and environmental stabilization in adult tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates [ 44 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • In this paper, we review the different protocols available to study human Plasmodium species either by using stem cell or alternative animal models. (wjgnet.com)
  • Across vertebrate species, definitive HSCs are believed to be generated in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. (amegroups.org)
  • We believe that the increase in the number of H2S-producing cells constitutes a response to oxidative stress, and the overproduction of H2S neutralizes the reactive oxygen species. (intechopen.com)
  • Transplantation-based screen identifies inducers of muscle progenitor cell engraftment across vertebrate species. (stembook.org)
  • In mammalian species, every single cell has this clock machinery and acts as an independent oscillator that works in synchrony with other oscillating cells in a multi-oscillatory system. (databasefootball.com)
  • Many of the mechanistic insights into how niches regulate stem cell maintenance have been obtained using invertebrate models such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we focus on the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell niche and review recent studies that have begun to reveal how intricate crosstalk between various signaling pathways regulates stem cell maintenance, how the extracellular matrix modulates the signaling output of the niche and how epigenetic programming influences cell development and function both inside and outside the niche to ensure proper tissue homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty years following Schofield's seminal publication, Xie and Spradling provided compelling experimental evidence that a cellular niche supports the maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila adult ovary [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, the study of the Drosophila ovary and testis has greatly enhanced our understanding of the basic principles that govern niche formation and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EBF transcription factor Collier directly promotes Drosophila blood cell progenitor maintenance independently of the niche. (sdbonline.org)
  • In the lymph gland , an hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larva, a group of cells called the Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC), whose specification depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier (Col) and the HOX factor Antennapedia (Antp), has been proposed to form a niche required to maintain the pool of hematopoietic progenitors (prohemocytes). (sdbonline.org)
  • They also showed that cross-regulation between col and eya in muscle progenitor cells is required for specification of muscle identity, revealing a new parallel between the myogenic regulatory networks operating in Drosophila and vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
  • Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division: recent advances and implications for stem cell biology. (ca.gov)
  • Prior to the PhD he also worked in the laboratory of Dr. Maneesha Inamdar, JNCASR, India, where he worked on the characterization of pericardial cells in Drosophila Melanogaster. (amrita.edu)
  • In Drosophila , FGF produced in wing-disc cells regulates the development of the disc-associated air-sac-primordium (ASP). (biorxiv.org)
  • Control of blood cell homeostasis in Drosophila larvae by the posterior signalling centre. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • Size control of the Drosophila hematopoietic niche by bone morphogenetic protein signaling reveals parallels with mammals. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • My expertise is in the areas of regeneration, evolution, the nervous system and cell biology. (stanford.edu)
  • The concept of the cellular niche represents one of the central paradigms in stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)
  • Our studies integrate molecular genetics, genomics, biochemistry and cell biology to address fundamental questions in virus replication and virus-cell interactions. (wisc.edu)
  • While originally trained in engineering, he completed a 5 year "re-training" in cell biology via an NIH K25 award which transitioned his lab to more biology and medically focused work. (wisc.edu)
  • His main research areas are developmental biology, cell morphogenesis, adult stem cells and cardiac function analysis. (amrita.edu)
  • Several factors are important to regulate stem-cell characteristics within the niche: cell-cell interactions between stem cells, as well as interactions between stem cells and neighbouring differentiated cells, interactions between stem cells and adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix components, the oxygen tension, growth factors, cytokines, and the physicochemical nature of the environment including the pH, ionic strength (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second wave, referred to as definitive hematopoiesis, temporarily occurs in the fetal liver and transitions to the bone marrow and thymus, where multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) contribute to the generation of all blood lineages ( 1 - 3 ). (amegroups.org)
  • These HSCs are primarily derived from endothelial cells within the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta. (amegroups.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), first produced in the developing vertebrate embryo, supply the lifelong foundation of the blood and immune systems. (grantome.com)
  • Likewise, while the number of transplanted HSCs is well known to directly impact engraftment efficiency, there are currently no established clinical protocols to successfully expand donor-harvested HSCs, nor to differentiate embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into functional HSCs in vitro. (grantome.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), produced in the developing embryo, form the foundation of our blood system. (grantome.com)
  • Vertebrate Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are responsible for lifelong maintenance of blood cells. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • The cellular and molecular communication between vertebrate HSCs and their niche remains poorly understood. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • The recent development of stem cell research and the possibility of generating cells that can be stably and permanently modified in their genome open a broad horizon in the world of in vitro modeling. (wjgnet.com)
  • In addition to the new in vitro systems, in recent years there were also significant advances in the development of new animal models that allows studying the entire cell cycle of human malaria. (wjgnet.com)
  • Thanks to recent progresses, stem cells have been extensively employed to study Plasmodium liver and blood cycle in vitro . (wjgnet.com)
  • Application of various small molecules and recombinant proteins to mouse embryonic stem cells at specific time points in vitro has enabled recapitulation of developmental cues with subsequent formation of inner ear organoids. (springer.com)
  • Culture of rabbit caecum organoids by reconstituting the intestinal stem cell niche in vitro with pharmacological inhibitors or L-WRN conditioned medium. (inra.fr)
  • In collaboration with mathematicians, we focus on how many stem cells and stem cell types are required to setting up a functional organ during embryogenesis and in an already developed organism. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Both methods have contributed extensively to our current knowledge on the lineage relation of differentiated cells during embryogenesis, the potential of stem cell populations to generate or re-generate missing cell types, and the cell autonomous or non cell autonomous effects of many genes during development and disease. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • To identify direct Collier (Col) targets in different cell types, ChIP-seq was used to map Col binding sites throughout the genome, at mid-embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • The genetic pathways that regulate the establishment of skeletal muscle in the embryo have been studied extensively, and many of the genes that govern muscle stem cell maintenance and commitment are redeployed during adult homeostasis and regeneration. (pasteur.fr)
  • However, there are some important distinctions between prenatal development and regeneration - in the context of the cells, niche, anatomy and the regulatory genes employed. (pasteur.fr)
  • The regeneration of the oral siphon (OS) and other distal structures in the ascidian occurs by epimorphosis involving the formation of a blastema of proliferating cells. (researchhunt.com)
  • Since Notch SR 144528 signaling is usually involved in the maintenance of proliferative activity in Tal1 both the and vertebrate regeneration blastema, the results suggest a conserved evolutionary role of this signaling pathway in chordate regeneration. (researchhunt.com)
  • 2010). As adult age, the pool of stem cells may decline or lose potency, resulting in reduced regeneration capacity (Jeffery, 2015b). (researchhunt.com)
  • Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, finding out molecular mechanisms by which reactive astrocytes can be coaxed into neurons will be of utmost importance for regenerative therapies as these astrocytes are the imminent cell types around the lesion site. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that neurons in the brain and cells of the vascular network both express multiple genes for voltage gated Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels homologous (based on sequence) to mammalian ion channel genes. (stanford.edu)
  • These organoids contain functional mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons, which phenocopy functional components of the inner ear responsible for detection of positional information. (springer.com)
  • Pax6 is a highly conserved transcription factor among vertebrates and is important in various developmental processes in the central nervous system (CNS), including patterning of the neural tube, migration of neurons, and formation of neural circuits. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [1] They are found in the vertebrate retina , which serve as support cells for the neurons, as all glial cells do. (iiab.me)
  • They are the only retinal glial cell that shares a common cell lineage with retinal neurons. (iiab.me)
  • [4] Müller glia have also been implicated to serve as guidepost cells for the developing axons of neurons in the chick retina. (iiab.me)
  • As glial cells, Müller glia serve a secondary but important role to neurons . (iiab.me)
  • In the adult brain, the Tlx protein is responsible for generating new neurons from tissue stem cells. (dkfz.de)
  • This is where neural or brain stem cells reside, which are responsible for generating new neurons if needed. (dkfz.de)
  • When the scientists switched off Tlx, there were no more detectable stem cells in the brain and the formation of new neurons ceased. (dkfz.de)
  • HSPCs are multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate to give rise to all blood cell lineages. (go.jp)
  • We follow stem cell derived lineages in different organs to learn whether fish use the same stem cells to maintain homeostasis replacemente and to drive growth, or if they have dedicated populations for each feature. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We combine these lines with a living toolkit to study stem cell lineages that relies on the generation of colourful (genetic) mosaics, and we named the toolkit Gaudi after the famous spanish architect. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • [3] Like the other epithelial cell lineages in the small intestine, Paneth cells originate at the stem cell region near the bottom of the gland. (handwiki.org)
  • [2] Furthermore, among the four aforementioned intestinal cell lineages, Paneth cells live the longest (approximately 57 days). (handwiki.org)
  • We are particularly interested in learning how organs can adapt to the changing organismal size , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms for stem cell coordination within and among organs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)
  • Finally, future evo-devo models may require what [http://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/lucia-jacobs Lucia Jacobs] refers to as "cog-evo-devo" (Jacobs 2012), the recognition that both information and cognition evolve and develop, are causal agents in the dynamics of complex replicators, and are increasingly important in determining their future, via such mechanisms as collective ethics, empathy, and niche construction, as higher intelligence emerges. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Astrocytes bear multiple vital functions such as maintaining the ion homeostasis, contributing to the blood-brain barrier, restoring synaptic integrity, regulating immune response, and acting as neural stem cells ( Kettenmann and Ransom, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple Forms of Neural Cell Death in the Cyclical Brain Degeneration of A Colonial Chordate. (stanford.edu)
  • Chambers S, Fasano C, Papapetrou E (2009) Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. (springer.com)
  • Cells from this region contribute to the neural tube and the somites, as well as to the notochord. (silverchair.com)
  • However, a subset of Müller glia has been shown to originate from neural crest cells. (iiab.me)
  • These insights will probably inform the study of mammalian niches and how their malfunction contributes to human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prospectively identifying these cells and determining how they differ from their normal stem cell counterparts will probably provide important insights into the origin and progression of malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Contrasting gene decay in subterranean vertebrates: insights from cavefishes and fossorial mammals. (inra.fr)
  • In particular in intestinal crypt, two distinct groups of SCs have been identified: the "border stem cells" located in the upper part of the niche at the interface with transit amplifying cells (TAs), and "central stem cells" located at the crypt base. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors. (ca.gov)
  • Paneth cells, located at the base of the crypts of the small intestinal mucosa, and displaying bright red cytoplasmic granules. (handwiki.org)
  • They are located below the intestinal stem cells in the intestinal glands (also called crypts of Lieberkühn) and the large eosinophilic refractile granules that occupy most of their cytoplasm . (handwiki.org)
  • When exposed to bacteria or bacterial antigens , Paneth cells secrete several anti-microbial compounds (notably defensins and lysozyme ) that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense into the lumen of the intestinal gland, thereby contributing to maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier by controlling the enteric bacteria. (handwiki.org)
  • Paneth cells are found throughout the small intestine and the appendix at the base of the intestinal glands. (handwiki.org)
  • [4] There are on average 5-12 Paneth cells in each small intestinal crypt. (handwiki.org)
  • Small intestinal crypts house stem cells that serve to constantly replenish epithelial cells that die and are lost from the villi . (handwiki.org)
  • Protection and stimulation of these stem cells is essential for long-term maintenance of the intestinal epithelium , in which Paneth cells play a critical role. (handwiki.org)
  • Graded BMP signaling within intestinal crypt architecture directs self-organization of the Wnt-secreting stem cell niche. (ucsf.edu)
  • It was also shown that the two SC compartments acted in accord to maintain a constant cell population and a steady cellular turnover. (wikipedia.org)
  • I use a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates advanced single cell RNAseq, imaging, multi-parameter flow cytometric isolation of cellular populations and transplantation assays to elucidate the cellular and genetic changes associated with neuronal degeneration process in young and old colonies. (stanford.edu)
  • Stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis, particularly in organs that exhibit high rates of cellular turnover such as the skin, intestine and hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such defects are often associated with changes in cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK kinase cascade, which promotes cell survival and growth. (wisc.edu)
  • Initial analysis of Collier/Early B Cell Factor function in the lymph gland revealed the role of the Posterior Signaling Center (PSC) in mounting a dedicated cellular immune response to wasp parasitism. (sdbonline.org)
  • These islet1 -expressing cells surprisingly originate not from the mesoderm, the germ layer classically defined to give rise to ECs, but from the endoderm. (go.jp)
  • Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion and signaling. (biorxiv.org)
  • Using a molecular-biological trick, the investigators induced an overproduction of Tlx by the brain stem cells of mice. (dkfz.de)
  • They found that islet1 -expressing cells are the progenitors of the venous ECs that constitute the majority of the HSPC niche (Figure 1A). (go.jp)
  • The present results clearly demonstrate that ECs originating from the endoderm via islet1 + endothelial progenitors play a specialized role in forming a functional vascular HSPC niche (Figure 1C). (go.jp)
  • Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L et al (2012) Restoration of auditory evodked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. (springer.com)
  • Collier is expressed in a core population of lymph gland progenitors and cell autonomously maintains this population. (sdbonline.org)
  • [14] Studies in human models have demonstrated that Müller glia have the potential to serve as stem cells in the adult retina [15] and are efficient rod photoreceptor progenitors. (iiab.me)
  • The larval LG contains hematopoietic progenitors (pro-hemocytes) for three types of differentiated hemocytes: the plasmatocytes which are monocyte-like cells involved in phagocytosis, the crystal cells which are required for melanisation, an insect-specific immune and wound-healing response, and the lamellocytes which are devoted to encapsulation of foreign bodies too large to be phagocytosed. (stemcells-live.fr)
  • Multiple roles for Med12 in vertebrate endoderm development. (ca.gov)
  • citation needed] A Nature Insight review defines niche as follows: "Stem-cell populations are established in 'niches' - specific anatomic locations that regulate how they participate in tissue generation, maintenance and repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • At distinct anatomical sites, bone tissue harbors multiple types of skeletal stem cells, which may independently supply osteogenic cells in a site-specific manner. (nature.com)
  • Overproliferation of stem cells is equally undesirable and can disrupt normal tissue homeostasis, possibly contributing to tumor formation and growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vertebrate skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate after repeated and complete destruction of the tissue, yet limited information is available on how muscle stem and progenitor cells, and other nonmuscle cells, reestablish homeostasis after the regenerative process. (pasteur.fr)
  • The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • During development, intercellular communication of morphogens is critical for embryonic cells to determine their positional identity, directionality, and interactions in an organized pattern to sculpt tissue. (biorxiv.org)
  • The discrete tissue-specific organization of morphogen signaling is known to be dependent on the ability of signal-receiving cells to selectively sense and respond to a specific signal 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • As a result, cell division activity in the subventricular zone increased, the cells left their habitual environment called stem cell niche, and started forming glioblastoma-like tissue lesions. (dkfz.de)
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) line blood vessels and can serve as specialized vascular niches for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), a special environment where HSPCs reside and self-renew. (go.jp)
  • Specialized ECs, besides those lining lumenized vessels, constitute an instructive niche for HSPCs. (go.jp)
  • Permanent growth in fish depends on stem cells, and in the lab we are mainly interested in two topics: a) are the same individual stem cells driving growth and maintaining homeostasis? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The niche model is consistent with many observations made in mammalian cell transplantation experiments, but difficulties in unequivocally identifying individual stem cells within their native environment prevented further testing of this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Essential roles of cytonemes or cytoneme-like filopodia have been discovered in many vertebrate and invertebrate systems and are implicated in most signaling pathways, including Hh, Dpp, FGF, EGF, Ephrin, and Wnt under various contexts 4 - 18 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Historically, lineage analysis in vertebrates was performed on entire populations of cells using either transplantation approaches or genetic tools like Cre/LoxP mediated recombination. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Müller glia are derived developmentally from two distinct populations of cells. (iiab.me)
  • However, it remains unclear whether there is functional crosstalk between these two types of skeletal stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Thus, crosstalk between periosteal and growth plate stem cells is essential for post-developmental skeletal growth. (nature.com)
  • In endochondral bone formation, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-expressing RZSCs are the source of growth plate chondrocytes, which give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts as well as bone marrow skeletal stem cells 1 . (nature.com)
  • A recent study identified cathepsin K ( Ctsk )-Cre expressing PSCs as a unique class of skeletal stem cells residing in the periosteum 3 . (nature.com)
  • The proliferative potential of the two groups was unequal and correlated with the cells' location (central or border). (wikipedia.org)
  • Outside the stem cell niches, however, these glial cells are not neurogenic. (frontiersin.org)
  • Müller glia , or Müller cells , are a type of retinal glial cells , first recognized and described by Heinrich Müller. (iiab.me)
  • The first wave, defined as primitive hematopoiesis, takes place in the extraembryonic yolk sac and generates transitory hematopoietic cell populations consisting of primitive erythrocytes. (amegroups.org)
  • 2018 . DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.028. (epfl.ch)
  • By using a quantitative 4D analysis on the stem cells we aim at linking the metabolic state of a stem cell to its future clonal progression in its intact niche. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Evidence of temporary airway epithelial repopulation and rare clonal formation by BM-derived cells following naphthalene injury in mice. (ca.gov)
  • Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of CHT niche components for HSPC development, with a focus on the transcription factors and ligand -receptor networks involved in HSPC expansion. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2017 . DOI : 10.1002/stem.2719. (epfl.ch)
  • 2017 . DOI : 10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.004. (epfl.ch)
  • These results were confirmed by transcriptomic analyses that highlighted the specific genes involved in these cell death pathways. (stanford.edu)
  • The team identified an unexpected origin for the vascular HSPC niche. (go.jp)
  • In addition, the entire vascular network undergoes slow rhythmic contractions that appear to arise from processes endogenous to vascular epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Unlike the other epithelial cell types, Paneth cells migrate downward from the stem cell region and settle just adjacent to it. (handwiki.org)
  • The niche must have both anatomic and functional dimensions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major role of the Müller cells is to maintain the structural and functional stability of retinal cells. (iiab.me)
  • In the ventricular and subventricular regions of trout telencephalon, CBS+ cells, as well as neuroepithelial and glial types, were detected. (intechopen.com)
  • Postnatal deletion of Numb/Numblike reveals repair and remodeling capacity in the subventricular neurogenic niche. (ca.gov)
  • Scientists from the divisions of Professor Dr. G nther Sch tz and Professor Dr. Peter Lichter at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) have recently shown in mouse brains that brain stem cells in the subventricular zone are characterized by a specific molecule: Protein Tlx, a transcription factor, which stimulates the activity of various genes. (dkfz.de)
  • Periosteal stem cells (PSCs) and growth plate resting zone stem cells (RZSCs) critically contribute to intramembranous and endochondral bone formation, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. (ca.gov)
  • The progenitor cell can then divide and differentiate into a number of retinal cell types, including photoreceptor cells , that may have been damaged during injury. (iiab.me)
  • In the cerebellum, we revealed neuroglial interrelations, in which H2S is probably released from the astrocyte-like cells with subsequent activation of the neuronal NMDA receptors. (intechopen.com)
  • Despite these apparent differences in definitive hematopoiesis between fish and mammals, the definitive HSC niche functions to actively recruit stem cells and maintain their plasticity throughout adulthood ( 2 , 4 , 5 ). (amegroups.org)
  • The team published their findings in the journal Developmental Cell . (go.jp)
  • Developmental Cell (2022) 57 (7): 854. (biologists.com)