Vertebrate muscle fibers skeletal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Actin isoforms differ slightly in their N-terminus and the sequences of each are perfectly conserved in higher vertebrates. (thermofisher.com)
In higher vertebrates, there are two kinds of muscle tissue: striated or striped muscle and smooth or plain muscle. (4build.eu)
In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)

SVCT2 expression increases in cultures of both, slow and fast muscle-derived myoblasts, as they fuse to form mainly fast myotubes. (nih.gov)
In contrast, IGF-1 promotes the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (unab.cl)
Stimulation of skeletal myoblasts with MSTN resulted in a transient increase in the pSmad3:Smad3 ratio and Smad-dependent transcription. (unab.cl)
Preincubation of skeletal myoblasts with IGF-1 blocked MSTN-induced Smad3 activation, promoting myod expression and myoblast differentiation. (unab.cl)
Myoblasts differentiating within the dermomyotome eventually form the skeletal musculature of the trunk, while the sclerotome develops into the vertebrae and ribs. (medscape.com)
Our research indicates that intrinsic differences between myoblasts before overt differentiation leads to diversity in muscle fiber types. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
These lineages are defined are distinct types of embryonic myoblasts that are committed to the differentiation of diverse, lineage-based, muscle fiber types. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
The goal of our on-going research is to define and characterize the transcriptional complexes resident on the FGFR1 regulatory regions as well as those interactions off the promoter that govern its expression in both proliferating myoblasts and differentiated muscle fibers. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage. (lookformedical.com)

Skeletal muscle, the muscle tissue that vertebrates can actively control, has a unique microscopic structure that allows it to generate force and regain lost tension. (aps.org)
dollar}\beta{dollar}-Fodrin mRNA, which was present, stayed at constant levels in skeletal muscle tissue from embryo to adult. (umaryland.edu)
Dedicated muscle tissue in multicellular organisms tends to exhibit a comforting structural homology, to effect that one could recognise striated muscle in a jellyfish and feel a warm kind of brotherly Verbundenheit, but it evolved probably at least four separate times in separate clades rather than arising from some early eumetazoan ancestor. (derangedphysiology.com)
At the most basic level we can separate muscle tissue into smooth and striated, where the striations originate from a repeating pattern of regularly arranged proteins, whereas "smoothness" is conferred by an irregular arrangement without a repeating pattern. (derangedphysiology.com)
2. Connective tissue Holding other tissues Muscle tissues differ in their physical appearance, anatomy, location within the body and whether their contraction is controlled consciously or unconsciously. (4build.eu)
Muscle tissue facilitates locomotion, movements of body parts, heat generation and organ protection. (4build.eu)
cat muscle anatomy study weird reference muscles skeleton animal deviantart sphynx feline Small RNA sequencing of pectoral muscle tissue reveals microRNA-mediated gene modulation in chicken muscle growth J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). (4build.eu)
There are 3 types of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscles or striated muscles are attached to bones. (4build.eu)
Muscle cells or myocytes are the basic units of the muscle tissue. (4build.eu)
contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone Functions: Internal structural building tissue of the body is called the skeletal tissue. (4build.eu)
Oct 23, 2015 Muscle tissue can be of three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. (4build.eu)
tissue muscular muscle skeletal smooth cardiac biology. (4build.eu)
There are four main tissues in the body - epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. (4build.eu)
A number of reports have implied that intestinal microbiota control the growth and function of muscle tissue in humans and animals. (4build.eu)
More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
The diaphragm divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals through a partition of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. (microscopyu.com)
How does the cardiac muscle tissue respond when stimulated? (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Cardiac muscle tissue, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle tissue that forms the heart. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
This muscle tissue, which contracts and releases involuntarily, is responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Dense connective tissue with elastic fibers is present in the cardiac/fibrous skeleton. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
What is the specific function of cardiac muscle tissue? (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Cardiac muscle is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in the heart and is responsible for the ability of the heart to pump blood. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
What type of muscle tissue forms the muscular wall of the heart? (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, with the other two being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
It is involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Walls of heart are made up of myocardium, the striated but involuntary cardiac muscle tissue. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
Muscle tissue can be divided functionally and morphologically ( striated or non-striated). (rxcostore.com)
Skeletal muscle tissue have calcium saved and don't need any from the skin. (rxcostore.com)
2010 However reflecting their adipogenic potential FAPs can also give rise to ectopic adipocytes that accumulate in degenerating muscle tissue (Uezumi et al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Muscle injury results in quick activation of the innate immune system which exerts pleiotropic effects on regenerating muscle mass (Brunelli and Rovere-Querini 2008 Tidball and Villalta 2010 Within minutes of injury neutrophils infiltrate hurt skeletal muscle mass and launch tissue-damaging reactive molecules which exacerbate muscle mass damage (Tidball 1995 This initial burst of security damage caused by the innate immune system is followed by a wave of reparative macrophages. (scienceexhibitions.org)
The Solnhofen Plattenkalk ( Fig. 1 ) is a Late Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätte preserving many vertebrates and invertebrates with soft tissue, most famously Archaeopteryx lithographica ( Rauhut, Foth & Tischlinger, 2018 ). (peerj.com)
The lowest levels of tissue oxygenation were found in the pectoral muscle fibres of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus , which lacks the respiratory pigments haemoglobin and myoglobin. (biologists.com)
destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle. (wordinn.com)
inflammation of muscle tissue. (wordinn.com)
a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue. (wordinn.com)
the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat. (wordinn.com)
rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes. (wordinn.com)
a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment. (wordinn.com)
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. (lookformedical.com)
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels. (lookformedical.com)

Muscle Tissues There are three types of muscle in animal bodies: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac. (4build.eu)
Depending on what type of muscle tissues animals are using, they will use ATP differently to generate work. (4build.eu)
Mostly responsible for initiating movement of an organism, muscle tissues have a range of other functions based on their types. (4build.eu)
Locomotion and movements are due to muscular tissues contain highly contractile muscle cells. (4build.eu)
Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles , and connective tissues involved. (lookformedical.com)

Recent progress in defining molecular components of pathways controlling early stages of myogenesis has been substantial, but regulatory factors that govern the striking functional specialization of adult skeletal muscle fibers in vertebrate organisms have not yet been identified. (elsevierpure.com)
A fundamental aspect of skeletal myogenesis involves extensive rounds of cell fusion, in which individualmyoblasts are incorporated into growing muscle fibers. (huji.ac.il)
This region contains putative binding sites for several representative myogenesis-related transcription factors and nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT), a transcription activator involved in regeneration of mammalian adult skeletal muscle. (afpm.org.my)
During vertebrate myogenesis, myoblast cell populations proliferate and fuse to form multinucleated muscle fibers that express a battery of contractile protein genes. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

Trying to guess the examiners' minds from the way this syllabus item is positioned (in the "musculoskeletal" section), we can infer that the detailed anatomy and physiology of cardiac muscle is probably intended for the cardiovascular section , and what they wanted from us here is more of a comparison of the ultrastructural elements that distinguish the three muscle types. (derangedphysiology.com)
This certainly seems to be the spirit of Question 11 from the second paper of 2015, which asked for a comparison of the anatomy and physiology of skeletal and smooth muscle. (derangedphysiology.com)
Our findings on the age of the inactivating mutation in the MYH16 gene raise the intriguing possibility that the decrement in masticatory muscle size removed an evolutionary constraint on encephalization, as suggested by the anatomy of the muscle attachments relative to the sutures. (johnhawks.net)
A great deal is known about the anatomy of the dinosaurs, given the preservation of their skeletal elements in the fossil record. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Fisher studies the functional anatomy and evolution of the musculoskeletal system in vertebrates and cephalopods. (asu.edu)

Initiated by neural impulses and subsequent calcium release, skeletal muscle fibers contract (actively generate force) as a result of repetitive power strokes of acto-myosin cross-bridges. (frontiersin.org)
Myoglobin expression was limited, however, to fibers located centrally within the limb which coexpress myosin isoforms characteristic of type I, IIA, and IIX fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
Actin filaments interact with myosin to assist in muscle contraction as well as aiding in cell motility and cytokinesis. (thermofisher.com)
muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. (4build.eu)
In muscle contraction myosin filaments comes in contact with thin actin filaments and rotate on them. (sureden.com)
1. When a muscle fiber is at rest, then myosin binding site of actin filaments is blocked by troponysinn so muscle cannot contract. (sureden.com)
2. But when, myosin binding site is exposed on actin filament, then muscle can contract freely. (sureden.com)
Here, we focused on the torafugu (Takifugu rubripes) myosin heavy chain gene, MYHM2528-1, which is specifically expressed in neonatal muscle fibers produced by indeterminate muscle growth. (afpm.org.my)
This signaling culminates in regulation of transcription factors governing expression of the slow myosin heavy chain 2 gene - indicative of the slow muscle fiber phenotype. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. (lookformedical.com)

We previously showed that bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs were able to form multi-layered bundles with aligned myofibers. (nature.com)
We also demonstrated the feasibility of using these 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs to treat critical-sized muscle defect injuries with structural and functional restoration in a rodent model 2 . (nature.com)

Much of our research focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers and their respective phenotypes. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

Muscle fibers contain parallel filaments of proteins that are linked by "cross bridges. (aps.org)
By changing their shape and orientation, these cross bridges can force the filaments to slide relative each other, resulting in muscle contraction. (aps.org)
Once innervated, the protein filaments inside every skeletal muscle fiber slide past when no weapons are at hand osrs one another to provide a contraction, which is defined by the sliding filament theory. (rxcostore.com)
Multiple branching of actin filaments in lamellipodia of vertebrate fibroblasts. (ucsd.edu)

fsTnI concentration in increased peripheral blood when fast twitch fibers were damaged. (wikipedia.org)

These findings suggest that SVCT2-mediated uptake of vitamin C could play diverse roles on skeletal muscle development and physiology. (nih.gov)
physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers. (wordinn.com)

Vertebrates and invertebrates have distinct but similar modes of encoding this information. (sciencebeta.com)

I studied these proteins in order to identify new spectrin binding proteins, to determine how the spectrins and ankyrins are assembled into a subsarcolemmal skeleton during development, and to learn how different alternatively spliced forms are disposed in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers. (umaryland.edu)
In embryonic muscle, which contained both spectrin and fodrin, the three subunits appeared to co-assemble at the membrane, whereas in adult, some regions of the membrane skeleton contained both {dollar}\alpha{dollar}-fodrin and {dollar}\beta{dollar}-spectrin, while others contained only {dollar}\beta{dollar}-spectrin. (umaryland.edu)
2. As they are linked with skeleton, so called skeletal muscles. (sureden.com)
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. (lookformedical.com)

More recent studies reported that subunits of fast skeletal muscle troponin (fsTnI, fsTnT, fsTnC) were expressed at significant levels in smooth muscle cells of mouse blood vessels, bladder and bronchi. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of fsTnI was also found in non-muscle cells, such as human corneal epithelial cells and cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
The function of fsTnI expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells is unclear. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly, muscle fatigue, i.e., the decline of the generable force level over time, is differentiated between central fatigue , i.e., the inability of the neural network to provide sufficient stimulation, and peripheral fatigue , i.e., the inability of the muscle cells to provide energy through metabolic activities (cf. (frontiersin.org)
dollar}\beta{dollar}-fodrin was present at the sarcolemma of muscle cells and assembled into membrane skeletal structures in late embryonic muscle, but decreased in muscle fibers after birth and was absent from the sarcolemma of adult myofibers. (umaryland.edu)
dollar}\beta{dollar}-Spectrin was expressed at the membrane of muscle cells at all ages, but was especially prevalent in adult fibers, where it appeared to replace {dollar}\beta{dollar}-fodrin. (umaryland.edu)
Smooth muscle actin is found on smooth muscle vessel walls, gut wall, myometrium, myoepithelial cells in breast and salivary glands. (thermofisher.com)
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is abundant in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, it has also been shown that smooth muscle actin appear in stress fibers of fibroblastic cells during pathological situations involving contractile phenomena such as wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. (thermofisher.com)
Frogs Muscle cells are also called as myocytes. (4build.eu)
Hence they are called smooth muscle cells. (4build.eu)
These constructs (mm 3 -cm 3 scale) consisted of tens to hundreds of long parallel myofiber bundles, containing densely packed, highly viable, and aligned muscle cells. (nature.com)
Intro The regenerative response of skeletal muscle mass to ICAM4 injury is dependent within the quiescent populace of skeletal muscle mass stem cells termed the satellite cells which reside beneath the basal lamina of each myofiber (Brack and Rando 2012 Wang and Rudnicki 2012 Upon injury these quiescent satellite cells become triggered and undergo proliferation providing rise to myogenic progenitors (MPs) that ultimately differentiate into mature myofibers. (scienceexhibitions.org)
2008 In addition to satellite cells recent studies have recognized an important part for fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in muscle mass regeneration and its fatty degeneration (Joe et al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
The close association of FAPs with regenerating muscle mass fibers along with their manifestation of factors that influence myogenic differentiation such as IL-6 and IGF-1 suggests that these stromal cells may perform a supportive part in myogenic differentiation (Joe et BV-6 al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
2009 potentially reflecting the reduced secretion of myogenic growth element IGF-1 by these cells (Wynes and Riches 2003 While these studies demonstrate a facilitative part of innate immune cells in muscle mass regrowth after injury a direct molecular link between the innate immune system and muscle mass progenitor biology remains to be founded. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Muscle fiber are long, thread like cells. (sureden.com)
Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle and myogenic C2C12 cells were used to study the effects of MSY3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro on its sub-cellular localization and activity, by blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway, by Akt depletion and over-expression, and by mutating potential MSY3 phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
This study highlights a previously undescribed Akt-mediated signaling pathway involved in the repression of myogenin expression in myogenic cells and in mature muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Wilson-Rawls' research focuses on understanding the regulation of cell fate during development and regeneration with an emphasis on skeletal muscle stem cells and gametogenesis. (asu.edu)
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. (lookformedical.com)
Beta-Alanine capsule is a non-essential amino acid that's used by muscle cells to synthesize Carnosine. (senkathir.net)

This induction of myoglobin expression within the early postnatal period was accompanied by increased expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, and exhibited a time course similar to the upregulation of myoglobin and mitochondrial protein expression that can be induced in adult muscle fibers by continuous motor nerve stimulation. (elsevierpure.com)
When one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated to contract, a gap junction transfers the stimulation to the next cardiac cell. (stockingisthenewplanking.com)
The cross-sectional space, the size of the muscle fiber at relaxation, and the frequency of neural stimulation. (rxcostore.com)
Direct electrical stimulation of muscle fibers in vitro is also being employed in our studies. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

Members of the families of structural proteins, called spectrins and ankyrins, are present on the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemma of vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers. (umaryland.edu)
To identify {dollar}\beta{dollar}-spectrin-binding proteins, I constructed a cDNA expression library from rat skeletal muscle mRNA. (umaryland.edu)
Smooth Muscle Actin belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. (thermofisher.com)
Somewhere in our hominid evolutionary history when our ape ancestors diverged from the common ancestor we share with chimpanzees, we acquired a point mutation in a gene that codes for muscle proteins. (thepunchlineismachismo.com)
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA's) are also essential ones and they account for approximately 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins. (senkathir.net)
On the other hand, they account for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins. (senkathir.net)

In adult animals, myoglobin is expressed selectively in oxidative, mitochondria-rich, fatigue-resistant myofibers, and it provides a convenient marker for this particular subset of specialized fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
We observed that, as skeletal muscle progressed from perinatal to postnatal and adult developmental stages, MSY3 protein became gradually dephosphorylated and accumulated in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, forced expression of Akt in adult skeletal muscle induced MSY3 phosphorylation and myogenin derepression. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the significance of myogenin regulation in adult muscle, the Akt/MSY3/myogenin regulatory circuit is a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle degenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)

The overlapping of enhancer elements of the TnT gene promoter with the upstream TnI gene structure may be a critical factor in the preservation of the close linkage of TnI and TnT gene pairs The phylogenetic tree in Fig. 2 summarizes the evolutionary lineage of fsTnI isoforms in vertebrate species. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate TnI isoforms demonstrated that each of the muscle type-specific isoforms is more conserved across species than the three isoforms in one given species, indicating early diverged functions of the muscle fiber type-specific isoforms as well as the conservation of functions for each muscle fiber type. (wikipedia.org)
WASp-family elements appear therefore to act as universal mediators of the myogenic cell-cell fusion mechanism underlying formation of functional muscle fibers, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. (huji.ac.il)
Australopithecus and Paranthropus have larger jaw muscles than early Homo species like H. habilis and H. erectus . (johnhawks.net)
More than 62,000 vertebrate species have been identified. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
The vertebrate species now living represent only a small portion of the vertebrates that have existed. (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Figure 15.36 Examples of critically endangered vertebrate species include (a) the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), (b) the Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki), and (c) the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi). (opentextbooks.org.hk)
Transcellular oxygen flux was modelled mathematically in the aerobic skeletal muscles of perciform fish species living at widely different temperatures (Antarctica, sub-Antarctica and the Mediterranean Sea). (biologists.com)

When the muscle contractions are full, ATP is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and enters the cytoplasm. (rxcostore.com)
In vertebrates, skeletal muscle contractions are neurogenic as they require synaptic input from motor neurons. (rxcostore.com)
shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions. (wordinn.com)
an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart. (wordinn.com)
muscle-building exercises (or a system of musclebuilding exercises) involving muscular contractions against resistance without movement (the muscles contracts but the length of the muscle does not change). (wordinn.com)
fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest. (wordinn.com)
Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles . (lookformedical.com)

Antibodies specific for the small ankyrins made by these short transcripts showed them to be located at the Z line and M line of skeletal muscle, in contrast to the full-length ankyrin, which was present only at the sarcolemma. (umaryland.edu)

In vertebrates, limb velocity and movement (muscle length and the rate of change) are encoded by one group of sensory neurons (Type Ia sensory fiber) and another type encode static muscle length (Group II neurons). (sciencebeta.com)
To determine the load on a limb, vertebrates use sensory neurons in the Golgi tendon organs: type Ib afferents. (sciencebeta.com)

Absorbs - stomach and intestinal lining (gut) Filters - the kidney Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles, and control the movements of an organisms as well as many other contractile functions. (4build.eu)
Vertebrates are among the most recognizable organisms of the animal kingdom ( Figure 15.36 ). (opentextbooks.org.hk)

Morphologically skeletal myocytes are elongated and tubular and seem striated with a number of peripheral nuclei. (rxcostore.com)

Since it was shown that the SSC-effect was also visible in studies not related to the previously mentioned mechanism 6 and the SSC-effect was present on the fiber level (meaning no serial-elastic component such as aponeurosis and tendon) 11 , another mechanism must also play a role in the SSC performance enhancement. (nature.com)
Internal elastic lamina and fine elastic fibers in adventitia are autofluorescent. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (lookformedical.com)

a) Apes (and monkeys, but let's talk about apes because they are roughly the same size as humans) are several times stronger than humans, because their skeletal musculature is stronger at a molecular level. (thepunchlineismachismo.com)

Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)

The aim of this research is to identify and characterize the molecular regulatory circuitry that establishes these myogenic cell lineages and which thereby establish fast versus fast/slow muscle fiber types, independent of innervation, and dependent of cell lineage commitment. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

For example, consider the stretch reflex, in which stretch across a muscle is detected by a sensory receptor (e.g., muscle spindle, chordotonal neurons), which activates a motor neuron to induce muscle contraction and oppose the stretch. (sciencebeta.com)
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
A single motor neuron is prepared to innervate multiple muscle fibers, thereby causing the fibers to contract on the similar time. (rxcostore.com)

whole mount of distal portion of middle cerebral artery showing network of varicose fibers. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints. (sciencebeta.com)
Most vertebrates possess three basic types of proprioceptors: muscle spindles, which are embedded in skeletal muscle fibers, Golgi tendon organs, which lie at the interface of muscles and tendons, and joint receptors, which are low-threshold mechanoreceptors embedded in joint capsules. (sciencebeta.com)

To these researchers, the estimate held meaning because of its correspondence with early evidence of fossil Homo, which had smaller jaw muscles than earlier hominins. (johnhawks.net)
Their rich fossil record of skeletal elements and teeth are ideal for analyses of ecological interactions and evolutionary patterns in the marine realm (spanning approx. (peerj.com)
This skeletal feature makes it easier to identify the two main fossil groups. (a-z-animals.com)

Three homologous genes have evolved in vertebrates, encoding three muscle type-specific isoforms of TnI. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)
20% of the original mass invariably results in functional impairment with limited regeneration capacity, which requires reconstructive surgical procedures such as autologous muscle flap transfers 1 . (nature.com)

Fast skeletal muscle TnI was first cloned from a skeletal muscle cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)

In most vertebrates this protein is expressed in muscles that develop from the first pharyngeal arch, including temporalis , which in mammals is the largest muscle of the jaw. (johnhawks.net)
Dissections of cetacean orbits identified two distinct circular muscle layers that are uniquely more elaborate than the orbitalis muscles described in numerous mammals. (usuhs.edu)

Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in vertebrates that exerts its inhibitory function by activating Smad transcription factors. (unab.cl)

Analysis both in vivo and in primary satellite-cell cultures, shows that disruption of N-WASp function does not interfere with the program of skeletal myogenic differentiation, and does not affect myoblast motility, morphogenesis and attachment capacity. (huji.ac.il)
Myogenic differentiation is a complex and well-coordinated process for generating mature skeletal muscle fibers. (unab.cl)
This spatio-temporal promoter activity overlapped with known myogenic zones involved in teleost indeterminate muscle growth. (afpm.org.my)
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory factors coordinate the correct function and organization of many skeletal muscle functions. (biomedcentral.com)
We are also exploring the mechanisms that control myogenic cell proliferation versus differentiation in both skeletal and cardiac muscle development. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

7. Distiguish the pectoral girdle of all vertebrate classes. (msudenver.edu)

2. Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular divisions of the skeletal system. (msudenver.edu)

As AMPK is a key regulator of cellular energetics, phosphorylation of this site may provide an adaptive mechanism during energy deprivation in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. (wikipedia.org)

Neural input into this bioprinted skeletal muscle construct shows the improvement of myofiber formation, long-term survival, and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. (nature.com)

Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The TNNI2 gene is located at 11p15.5 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the fast twitch skeletal muscle troponin I (fsTnI). (wikipedia.org)
The three muscle fiber type-specific TnI-TnT gene pairs were likely originated from a TnI-like ancestor gene that presumably duplicated to form a closely linked fast TnI-like and fast TnT-like gene pair. (wikipedia.org)
Defects in the smooth muscle actin gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. (thermofisher.com)
The provocative idea that our genus arose with a deactivated muscle gene turned out to be wrong. (johnhawks.net)
Other primates express this gene in their jaw muscles, where it strengthens the bite force. (johnhawks.net)
Additionally, innervation modulates muscle fiber type and associated fiber type specific gene expression. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
Published results indicate that protein kinase C (PKC) activity in conjunction with innervation-induced activation of cell signaling mediated by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Gaq, and the 1,4,5 inositol triphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) differentially regulate fast versus slow muscle fiber type gene expression in innervated muscle fibers. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

2] These two types of sensory neurons compose muscle spindles. (sciencebeta.com)

an abnormal and usually permanent contraction of a muscle. (wordinn.com)
A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. (lookformedical.com)

In the last sentence of their discussion, Stedman and colleagues advanced a provocative hypothesis: Not only did Homo have smaller jaws and teeth, but reducing the jaw muscles may have enabled the evolution of larger brain size. (johnhawks.net)

The proprioceptive sense is believed to be composed of information from sensory neurons located in the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). (sciencebeta.com)
Nerve - A bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory and motor information from one body part to another. (en-academic.com)
Sensory information from a specific dermatome is transmitted by the sensory nerve fibers to the spinal nerve of a specific segment of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)

It is the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex in fast twitch skeletal muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
The inhibitory region of fsTnI was resolved in skeletal troponin whereas it was invisible in the cardiac troponin crystal structure. (wikipedia.org)

Muscle system consist muscle fibers as smallest unit. (sureden.com)

Muscle fiber kind is determined by the number of mitochondria within the muscle cell. (rxcostore.com)

5. A striated muscle cell is cylindrical, multinucleated with striations (strips of light & dark bands). (sureden.com)
5. A cardiac muscle cell is cylindrical, uni nucleated, striated (with strips) and branched. (sureden.com)
Striated muscle system has fibers which are cylindrical, multinucleated and with strips. (sureden.com)

While host nerve integration and formation of NMJs were evident within the implanted skeletal muscle constructs, we observed that the constructs did not support the full restoration of defected muscles at 8-week post-implantation, which is likely due to the delayed integration of host nerve. (nature.com)
And these molecules can be released from both nerve terminal (anterograde signal), and from muscle fiber (retrograde signal). (intechopen.com)
Electron micrograph of human omental vein showing longitudinal section of a sympathetic nerve axon containing neurotubules ( n ) in parallel with a smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) with typical pinocytic vesicles ( pv ). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
When injected into a muscle, viruses are close to nerve endings for longer periods and at higher concentrations than when systemically injected. (frontiersin.org)
Unique muscle cell/nerve co-cultures are generated to explore the cell-cell interactions leading to muscle cell diversity. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

The effects of enhanced promoter activity were observed at the outer region of the fast muscle and the dorsal edge of slow muscle in zebrafish larvae. (afpm.org.my)

The protein product of MYH16 is one of the heavy chain myosins, a kind of protein that works with actin to enable muscle fibers to contract. (johnhawks.net)
The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. (lookformedical.com)

They are also called as involuntary muscles. (4build.eu)
3. Their contraction is not under animal will, so called involuntary muscles. (sureden.com)

The temporalis muscle originates on the sides of the cranial vault, with its maximum extent marked either by a temporal line or by a sagittal crest. (johnhawks.net)
As origin of the temporalis muscle, we chose the entire surface of the temporal fossa (Figure 1), following the reconstruction proposed by Lambert et al. (researchgate.net)

Surprisingly, histological analysis showed the sperm whale ECM to contain both smooth and striated (skeletal) muscle layers while the ICM appeared to contain solely skeletal muscle fibers. (usuhs.edu)

Postdoctoral fellows have the opportunity to investigate numerous aspects of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal and cardiac muscle development. (rosalindfranklin.edu)

Slow and quick twitch muscle fibers have different contractile properties, which is why they're classified as "slow" or "fast" twitch, respectively. (rxcostore.com)

It is localized to membrane skeletal structures at all stages of development. (umaryland.edu)
This comparison suggests that progressive locomotor activity of neonatal animals may provide signals which trigger the development of the specialized features of oxidative, fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
These results support the hypothesis that MSY3 phosphorylation by Akt interferes with MSY3 repression of myogenin circuit activity during muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
Much of our research focuses on the mechanisms that establish and maintain skeletal muscle fiber type diversity during development. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a widespread phenomenon in the development of vertebrates. (karger.com)

We know of no homolog of the ICM but its function seems likely related to the complex vascular structures surrounding and deep to the retractor muscle. (usuhs.edu)

Anatomy64

Organisms48

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Higher vertebrates3

Myoblasts10

Tissue41

Tissues6

Myogenesis4

Anatomy5

Myosin10

Human skeletal muscle2

Differentiation of skeletal1

Filaments4

Fast twitch fibers1

Physiology2

Invertebrates1

Skeleton4

Cells23

Stimulation4

Proteins6

Adult4

Species8

Contractions7

Sarcolemma1

Limb2

Organisms2

Peripheral1

Elastic3

Musculature1

Synaptic1

Lineages1

Motor neuron4

Distal1

Tendons2

Fossil3

Isoforms1

Regeneration2

CDNA1

Mammals2

Exerts1

Myogenic5

Pectoral1

Appendicular1

Cardiac muscles1

Vitro1

Gene8

Spindles1

Contraction of a muscle2

Stedman1

Sensory3

Inhibitory2

Consist1

Mitochondria1

Cylindrical3

Nerve5

Dorsal1

MYOSINS2

Involuntary2

Temporalis muscle2

Smooth and striated1

Molecular1

Contractile properties1

Development5

Structures1