• therapeutic
  • This report provides information on the therapeutic development based on the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors dealing with mechanism of action, comparative analysis at various stages covering Filed, Phase III, Phase II, Phase I, IND filed, Preclinical, Discovery and unknown stages, therapeutics assessment by monotherapy and combination products and molecule type drug information. (sbwire.com)
  • beneficial
  • sFlt-1 thereby blunts the beneficial effects of these proangiogenic factors on maternal endothelium, with consequent maternal hypertension and proteinuria. (wikipedia.org)
  • anti-VEGF drugs
  • A 2017 review update studying the effects of anti-VEGF drugs on diabetic macular edema found that while all three studied treatments have advantages over laser therapy, there was moderate evidence that aflibercept is significantly favored in all measured efficacy outcomes over ranibizumab and bevacizumab, after one year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bergers and Hanahan concluded in 2008 that anti-VEGF drugs can show therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer and in an increasing number of human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • tumor
  • In a mouse model three doses per week of drugs designed to inhibit SRPK1 activity inhibited tumor vasculature and growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • As this tumor suppressor is commonly inactivated in epithelioid sarcoma, cell division can fail to appropriately halt, resulting in unregulated cellular growth and the formation of cancer tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Tumor development is a complex process that requires cell division, growth, and survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic alterations that lead to de-regulation of the autocrine Wnt pathway result in transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other pathways, in turn contributing to proliferation of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pazopanib
  • They can involve monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab, antibody derivatives such as ranibizumab (Lucentis), or orally-available small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinases stimulated by VEGF: lapatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, and pazopanib. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anti-VEGF agents such as pazopanib have shown promise across several different carcinomas and in soft tissue sarcomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuroprotective
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been shown to display neuroprotective effects following ischemia, suggesting that VEGF may potentially be applied as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of other neurological diseases. (wiley.com)
  • VEGF was found to be neuroprotective against cell death of primary E14 murine ventral mesencephalic neurons induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment in vitro . (wiley.com)
  • Our results support a potential neuroprotective role for VEGF in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (wiley.com)
  • Efficacy
  • The study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal dexamethasone implant as adjunctive therapy to Anti-VEGF treatment in the study eye of treatment naïve subjects with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • intracellular
  • It is thought to play a role in regulation of both constitutive and alternative splicing by regulating intracellular localization of splicing factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • neovascularization
  • Recent work using immunopathologic techniques have shown that VEGF is upregulated in both experimentally induced uveitis and in uveitic eyes as well, with no evidence of neovascularization. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • levels
  • It is thought that abnormally high levels of VEGF (or its presence in places where it shouldn't be expressed) cause disease. (blindness.org)
  • Therefore, one would expect salivary VEGF levels to be proportionate to the amount of stomach acid. (drmyhill.co.uk)
  • There is a huge amount of research that has been done with respect to VEGF, most of which is to do with high levels. (drmyhill.co.uk)
  • However, the reverse is also true and low levels of VEGF would be a pointer towards hypochlorhydria. (drmyhill.co.uk)
  • The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of Zometa (zoledronic acid, 1 mg per week versus 4 mg every four weeks) on the circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • genes
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B, 2 (BHLHB2), p21cip1 and DDIT4 - these transcripts were also upregulated - are known to be direct target genes [47,52, (nih.gov)
  • Most embryos that carry knockouts for vasculogenesis genes (VEGF, VEGFR2) die in utero before analysis can occur. (ufl.edu)
  • The gene encodes for a transcription factor that belongs to the Hairy/Enhancer of Split (Hes) subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix factor genes which encode transcriptional repressors that function as downstream targets to regulate cell fate during tissue development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanotransduction of these physical cues to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can also trigger the promotion or repression of certain genes which are responsible for vasodilation, cell alignment, and other shear stress-mitigating factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • upregulation
  • Upregulation of PHACTR1 by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been described in breast cancer cell lines, potentially pointing to a connection with the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is also implicated in genetic predisposition to migraine9 and has a key role in Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, two inherited connective tissue disorders causing aortic dissection. (wikipedia.org)
  • metastasis
  • Later studies into the consequences of VEGF inhibitor use have shown that, although they can reduce the growth of primary tumours, VEGF inhibitors can concomitantly promote invasiveness and metastasis of tumours. (wikipedia.org)
  • actin
  • DR reduced microvessel density and VEGF expression in the astrocytoma, while increasing recruitment of pericytes, positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA). (hindawi.com)
  • cell migration
  • Accumulating data suggests that, while this molecule is, in general, part of growth signaling complex, it plays a more profound role in controlling cell migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • epithelial
  • These complexes, which help regulate cell growth in addition to creating and maintaining epithelial layers, are known as adherens junctions and they typically include at least cadherin, β-catenin, and α-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • maturation
  • VEGF-C is a dimeric, secreted protein, which undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation resulting in multiple processed forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • With progressing maturation, the affinity of VEGF-C for both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 increases and only the fully processed, mature forms of VEGF-C have a significant affinity for VEGFR-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • adhesion
  • Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), an endothelium-specific member of the cadherin family members of adhesion protein (Bach et al . (code3systems.com)
  • While less attention is directed at α-catenin in studies involving cell adhesion, it is nonetheless an important player in cellular organization, function and growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumors
  • One approach used by tumors to upregulate growth and survival is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autocrine signaling plays critical roles in cancer activation and also in providing self-sustaining growth signals to tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • increases
  • The study of vascular or remodelling in the embryo is widely believed to have been pioneered by Thoma in 1893 when he observed that increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel diameter, even going so far as to postulate that blood flow might be responsible for the growth and development of blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • blood
  • Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye, a family history of the condition, migraines, high blood pressure, and obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • development
  • However, a diffusive model of vascular development would seem to fall short of the complexity of capillary beds and the interwoven network of arteries and veins. (wikipedia.org)
  • occur
  • In order to activate VEGF-C, a second cleavage has to occur between the N-terminal propeptide and the VHD. (wikipedia.org)
  • human
  • Vascular remodelling is a process which begins at day 21 of human embryogenesis, when an immature heart begins contracting, pushing fluid through the early vasculature. (wikipedia.org)
  • polypeptide
  • A heat-stable polypeptide present in these extracts, ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 (APF-1), was found to become covalently attached to the model protein substrate lysozyme in an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent process. (wikipedia.org)
  • This form is referred to as "intermediate form" or pro-VEGF-C and it consists of two polypeptide chains of 29 and 31 kDa. (wikipedia.org)