angiogenesis
- Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. (mybiosource.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. (origene.com)
binds
- VEGF-B167 binds heparin and neuropilin-1 whereas the binding to neuropilin-1 of VEGF-B186 is regulated by proteolysis. (origene.com)
- sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 - also known as soluble VEGF receptor-1) binds and reduces free circulating levels of the proangiogenic factors VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PlGF (placental growth factor). (wikipedia.org)
inhibition
- These results suggest that CRT and MV observed in OCT increase with increased levels of VEGF-B. This study shows that overexpression of VEGF-B may have an impact on CRT and MV of DR patients, thus targeting VEGF-B inhibition may have therapeutic beneficial implications. (arvojournals.org)
- VEGF-B levels are overexpressed in vitreous of diabetic patients, and the levels are higher in developed stages of DR. Correlation results show that CRT and MV increase with increased levels of VEGF-B. Targeting VEGF-B inhibition may have therapeutic beneficial implications. (mdpi.com)
- Kendall R, Thomas K. Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor. (wikipedia.org)
proliferation
- It functions as the main mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, tubular morphogenesis and sprouting. (mybiosource.com)
- Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. (mybiosource.com)
- Expression of VEGF-D has been shown to have a vascular protective role and inhibit SMC neointimal proliferation, therefore expression of VEGF-D should prolong graft survival. (clinicaltrials.gov)
gene
- This gene encodes one of the two receptors of the VEGF. (mybiosource.com)
- It is a combination product consisting of a replication deficient Adenovirus containing the human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (Ad-VEGF-D) gene and a biodegradable local delivery device (collar) made of collagen. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor B also known as VEGF-B is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VEGF-B gene. (wikipedia.org)
PlGF
- Placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family, binding to VEGF-R1. (arvojournals.org)
- In normal pregnancy, the pro-angiogenic factor PlGF increases during the first two trimesters and decreases as pregnancy progresses to term. (wikipedia.org)
apoptosis
- Angiogenic VEGF-B activity during ocular neovascularization may be due to its survival effect, rescuing neovessels from apoptosis. (arvojournals.org)
lymphangiogenesis
- Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a homologue of VEGF family, plays a key role in lymphangiogenesis. (ahajournals.org)
blood vessels
- during certain pathologies can act as antiangiogenic factor to prevent overgrowth of blood vessels. (arvojournals.org)
- In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-B plays a less pronounced role in the vascular system: Whereas VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions, VEGF-B seems to play a role only in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
splice
- Soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1) is a splice variant of VEGF receptor 1 (Flt-1) which is produced by a variety of tissues.These proteins act as a receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
vitreous
- Vitreous VEGF-B levels are significantly increased in DR patients. (arvojournals.org)
- The purpose of this study was to correlate vitreous angiogenic cytokines (VEGF-B and PIGF) levels in DR measured by ELISA and demonstrate its correlation with quantitative measurements of central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume (MV) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). (arvojournals.org)
- ELISA was used to quantify vitreous VEGF-B (pg/ml) (n=24) and vitreous PIGF (pg/ml) (n=18). (arvojournals.org)
- Correlation between vitreous VEGF-B and CRT was statistically significant, positive and moderate: 0.441 (p ≤ 0,05). (arvojournals.org)
- Correlation between vitreous VEGF-B and MV was statistically significant, positive and robust: 0.716 ( p ≤ 0,01). (arvojournals.org)
- The knowledge gap about VEGF-B expression and how its levels are altered in diabetic eyes were the focus of this investigation that was addressed by comparing and correlating vitreous VEGF-B between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. (mdpi.com)
- VEGF-B levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vitreous samples ( n = 33) from diabetic ( n = 25) and non-diabetic ( n = 8) patients. (mdpi.com)
- Optical coherence tomography from diabetic patients was evaluated for central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume (MV). Mean vitreous VEGF-B concentration was higher in diabetic (18.82 ± 1.44 pg/mL ) vs. non-diabetic patients (17.90 ± 0.32 pg/mL) ( p = 0.006), and in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (19.03 ± 1.52 pg/mL) vs. non-PDR (NPDR) patients (18.18 ±0.96 pg/mL) ( p = 0.025). (mdpi.com)
survival
- VEGF-B is a vascular survival factor, safeguarding the balance between blood vessel growth and degeneration. (arvojournals.org)
receptor
- The signalling and trafficking of this receptor are regulated by multiple factors, including Rab GTPase, P2Y purine nucleotide receptor, integrin alphaVbeta3, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, etc. (mybiosource.com)
- Another VEGF receptor is KDR). (wikipedia.org)
- VEGF-B exerts its effects via the FLT1 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
angiogenic
- In contrast, levels of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1 remain stable during the early and middle stages of gestation and increase steadily until term. (wikipedia.org)
- Both balance in circulating angiogenic factor and blood pressure modulation in pregnancy may be a continuum, with the diagnosis of preeclampsia at the extreme. (wikipedia.org)
- Khalil A, Muttukrishna S, Harrington K, Jauniaux E, 2008 Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy with Alpha Methyldopa on Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Pregnancies with Hypertensive Disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- Blood pressure augmentation and maternal circulating concentrations of angiogenic factors at delivery in preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies. (wikipedia.org)
- Lam C, Lim KH, Karumanchi S. Circulating Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis and Prediction of Preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
- Urinary angiogenic factors cluster hypertensive disorders and identify women with severe preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
cells
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major growth factor for endothelial cells. (mybiosource.com)
- Required for VEGFA-mediated induction of NOS2 and NOS3, leading to the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells. (mybiosource.com)
- Growth factor for endothelial cells. (origene.com)
protein
- Serum levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-A and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined employing specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (ahajournals.org)
- This protein is structurally and functionally similar to vascular endothelial growth factor C. Read-through transcription has been observed between this locus and the upstream PIR (GeneID 8544) locus. (origene.com)
- Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1 or sVEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase protein that disables proteins that cause blood vessel growth. (wikipedia.org)
kinase
- Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
- First Trimester Placental Growth Factor and Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 and Risk for Preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
- Establishing Reference Values for Both Total Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 and Free Placental Growth Factor in Pregnant Woman. (wikipedia.org)
family
- Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is one of the enigmatic members of the VEGF family. (mdpi.com)
- VEGF-B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family, of which VEGF-A is the best-known member. (wikipedia.org)
therapeutic
- This report provides information on the therapeutic development based on the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors dealing with mechanism of action, comparative analysis at various stages covering Filed, Phase III, Phase II, Phase I, IND filed, Preclinical, Discovery and unknown stages, therapeutics assessment by monotherapy and combination products and molecule type drug information. (sbwire.com)
significantly
- In Kaplan-Meier analyses, low-VEGF-C (P=0.014, by log-rank test), but not high-hsCRP or high-VEGF-A, was significantly associated with MACEs. (ahajournals.org)
- P=0.04), but not hsCRP or VEGF-A, were inversely and significantly associated with MACEs after adjustment for age, gender, and established risk factors. (ahajournals.org)
disease
- However, the relationship between serum VEGF-C levels and cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease is unknown. (ahajournals.org)
FLT1
- Vascular endothelial growth factor B has been shown to interact with FLT1. (wikipedia.org)
role
- VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
beneficial
- sFlt-1 thereby blunts the beneficial effects of these proangiogenic factors on maternal endothelium, with consequent maternal hypertension and proteinuria. (wikipedia.org)
patients
- Patients in renal failure on hemodialysis depend on adequate and sustained vascular access. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- A low VEGF-C value may serve as a predictive marker of cardiovascular events in patients with ASO. (ahajournals.org)
risk
- Urinary Placental Growth Factor and Risk of Preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
several
- Binding of vascular growth factors to isoform 1 leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. (mybiosource.com)
receptors
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a family of closely related growth factors having a conserved pattern of eight cysteine residues and sharing common VEGF receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- VEGF-A exerts its actions through two receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Carmeliet, P., and Collen, D., Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in vascular development. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- VEGF is generated as multiple isoforms of two families, VEGF xxx and VEGF xxx b and mediates its effects through specific receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 and co-receptors, neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2. (ersjournals.com)
- VEGF receptors, co-receptors and isoforms are expressed differentially in NF and FF. (ersjournals.com)
- In available biopsy or resection specimens, additional molecular staining of VEGF pathway related proteins will be performed (such as VEGF, VEGF receptors, HIF). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- VEGF receptors are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (wikipedia.org)
- All members of the VEGF family stimulate cellular responses by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (the VEGFRs) on the cell surface, causing them to dimerize and become activated through transphosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
- The VEGF receptors have an extracellular portion consisting of 7 immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane spanning region and an intracellular portion containing a split tyrosine-kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
- Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-binding portions from the extracellular domains of human VEGF receptors 1 and 2, that are fused to the Fc portion of the human IgG1 immunoglobulin. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of these therapies target VEGF receptors rather than the VEGFs. (wikipedia.org)
- Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. (wikipedia.org)
- This local action of FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) with their RTK receptors is classified as paracrine signalling. (wikipedia.org)
- Cluster of differentiation VEGF receptors Holmes K, Roberts OL, Thomas AM, Cross MJ (October 2007). (wikipedia.org)
permeability
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is both a growth factor and permeability factor, involved in tissue repair and as such, has been proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
- VEGF also enhances microvascular permeability and is sometimes referred to as vascular permeability factor. (wikipedia.org)
- AZ2171 (cediranib), a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been shown to have anti-edema effects by reducing the permeability and aiding in vascular normalization. (wikipedia.org)
- Vascularity, as well as vascular permeability, is enhanced in the decidualizing endometrium. (wikipedia.org)
inhibitors
- VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have become first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (ahajournals.org)
- Our findings suggest that the use of VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors does not adversely affect long-term renal function even in the setting of new-onset hypertension or reduced renal function at baseline. (ahajournals.org)
- 7 , 8 Understanding of this critical mechanism led to the development of targeted therapies including the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, and more recently, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs), which are now used as standard of treatment for metastatic RCC (mRCC). (ahajournals.org)
- Naperville, IL -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 07/24/2014 -- Reportstack, provider of premium market research reports announces the addition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors -Pipeline Insights, 2014 market report to its offering DelveInsights,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors-Pipeline Insights, 2014, report provides comprehensive insights about pipeline drugs across this mechanism of action (MOA). (sbwire.com)
- A key objective of the report is to establish the understanding for all the pipeline drugs that fall under Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors. (sbwire.com)
- This report provides information on the therapeutic development based on the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors dealing with mechanism of action, comparative analysis at various stages covering Filed, Phase III, Phase II, Phase I, IND filed, Preclinical, Discovery and unknown stages, therapeutics assessment by monotherapy and combination products and molecule type drug information. (sbwire.com)
- Later studies into the consequences of VEGF inhibitor use have shown that, although they can reduce the growth of primary tumours, VEGF inhibitors can concomitantly promote invasiveness and metastasis of tumours. (wikipedia.org)
- While a very large number of agents targeting various molecular pathways are being developed and tested, the main classes and agents that are now being used in lung cancer treatment include: Inhibitors of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's):erlotinib (Tarceva)[unreliable medical source? (wikipedia.org)
- Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)bevacizumab (Avastin)[unreliable medical source? (wikipedia.org)
activity in endothelial cells
- This receptor complex has increased VEGF signalling activity in endothelial cells (blood vessels). (wikipedia.org)
placental
- It thereby inhibits the activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor subtypes VEGF-A and VEGF-B, as well as to placental growth factor (PGF), inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels in the choriocapillaris or the tumour, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- After ovulation, in placental mammals, the endometrial lining becomes hypertrophic and vascular under the influence of oestrogens and progesterone. (wikipedia.org)
- Pregnancy protein 14 (PP-14), also called placental protein 12, and Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1(IGFBP1) appear to be specific products of the secretory and decidual lining. (wikipedia.org)
anti-VEGF drugs
- A 2017 review update studying the effects of anti-VEGF drugs on diabetic macular edema found that while all three studied treatments have advantages over laser therapy, there was moderate evidence that aflibercept is significantly favored in all measured efficacy outcomes over ranibizumab and bevacizumab, after one year. (wikipedia.org)
- Bergers and Hanahan concluded in 2008 that anti-VEGF drugs can show therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer and in an increasing number of human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
receptor tyrosi
- Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR, a type III receptor tyrosine kinase) also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a VEGF receptor. (wikipedia.org)
model of Parkinson's disease
- In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective capacity of VEGF in a model of Parkinson's disease. (wiley.com)
tumor
- In a mouse model three doses per week of drugs designed to inhibit SRPK1 activity inhibited tumor vasculature and growth. (wikipedia.org)
- As this tumor suppressor is commonly inactivated in epithelioid sarcoma, cell division can fail to appropriately halt, resulting in unregulated cellular growth and the formation of cancer tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Tumor development is a complex process that requires cell division, growth, and survival. (wikipedia.org)
- Genetic alterations that lead to de-regulation of the autocrine Wnt pathway result in transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other pathways, in turn contributing to proliferation of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
mRNA
- VEGF-A mRNA expression patterns are closely related to proliferation of blood vessels during the developing embryo and wound healing or in the ovary. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In the developing embryo VEGF-A mRNA is expressed by cells within tissues undergoing capillarization. (sigmaaldrich.com)
dopaminergic neurons
- VEGF likely functions via direct mechanisms by signaling through the neuropilin receptor expressed upon dopaminergic neurons in response to 6-OHDA treatment. (wiley.com)
vasculature
- VEGF-C may play roles in the development of the veinous and lymphatic vasculature systems. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Astrocytes control the development of the migration-promoting vasculature scaffold in the postnatal brain via VEGF signaling. (semanticscholar.org)
Pazopanib
- They can involve monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab, antibody derivatives such as ranibizumab (Lucentis), or orally-available small molecules that inhibit the tyrosine kinases stimulated by VEGF: lapatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, and pazopanib. (wikipedia.org)
- Anti-VEGF agents such as pazopanib have shown promise across several different carcinomas and in soft tissue sarcomas. (wikipedia.org)
bevacizumab
- With 89Zr-bevacizumab positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, VEGF can be visualized and quantified. (clinicaltrials.gov)
paracrine
- Local hypoxia is a potent inducer of VEGF-A expression from adjacent cells but it is not synthesized in endothelial cells, indicating a paracrine regulation of vessel formation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- VEGF, produced by carcinoma cells, acts through paracrine signaling on endothelial cells and through autocrine signaling on carcinoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
tumors
- Von Hippel Lindau disease (VHLD) is an inherited syndrome characterized by vascular malformations, kidney cancer, adrenal gland and pancreas tumors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- High levels of VEGF cause blood vessels to leak fluid, increasing the pressure in tumors similar to the increased pressure in lymphedema. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 are found in many human cancers and their excessive signaling may be critical factors in the development and malignancy of these tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- One approach used by tumors to upregulate growth and survival is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Autocrine signaling plays critical roles in cancer activation and also in providing self-sustaining growth signals to tumors. (wikipedia.org)
blood vessel
- VEGF-A (VEGF) is a potent growth factor for blood vessel endothelial cells, showing pleiotropic responses that facilitate cell migration, proliferation, tube formation, and survival. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Proliferative retinopathy refers to damaged caused by abnormal blood vessel growth. (wikipedia.org)
PDGF
- The Importance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) as a New Indicators of Myocardial Ischemic Injury in Comparison With Commonly Used Biomarkers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The measurements of VEGF, HGF, PDGF, troponin I, hsCRP, CK-MB and NT-proBNP are assessed twice i.e. as soon as possible after admission to hospital and 24h after the first measurements. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Neuroprotective
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been shown to display neuroprotective effects following ischemia, suggesting that VEGF may potentially be applied as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of other neurological diseases. (wiley.com)
- VEGF was found to be neuroprotective against cell death of primary E14 murine ventral mesencephalic neurons induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment in vitro . (wiley.com)
- Our results support a potential neuroprotective role for VEGF in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (wiley.com)
Cytokines
- The decidua secretes hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
isoforms
- Both NF and FF expressed VEGFR1 and 2, NRP-1 and 2 and VEGF xxx / xxx b isoforms. (ersjournals.com)
ligand
- Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A third receptor has been discovered (VEGFR-3), however, VEGF-A is not a ligand for this receptor. (wikipedia.org)
vitro
- In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. (wikipedia.org)
hypoxia
- VEGF-B expression is not regulated by hypoxia. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Efficacy
- The study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal dexamethasone implant as adjunctive therapy to Anti-VEGF treatment in the study eye of treatment naïve subjects with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Therapy
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also known as anti-VEGF therapy or anti-VEGF medication, is the use of medications that block vascular endothelial growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
intracellular
- It is thought to play a role in regulation of both constitutive and alternative splicing by regulating intracellular localization of splicing factors. (wikipedia.org)
cell
- Because this is extremely hard work and the body does not want to waste energy, the main regulator for the cell membrane tight junction is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (drmyhill.co.uk)
- This family represents the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) A. VEGF is an endothelial cell mitogen with many crucial functions such as embryogenic development and wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
neovascularization
- Recent work using immunopathologic techniques have shown that VEGF is upregulated in both experimentally induced uveitis and in uveitic eyes as well, with no evidence of neovascularization. (clinicaltrials.gov)
amino
- VEGF-D and VEGF-C share 23% amino acid sequence homology. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Neovasculogen is a plasmid encoding the CMV promoter and the 165 amino acid form of VEGF. (wikipedia.org)
inflammation
- This study will look for the presence in blood of a substance called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with uveitis (eye inflammation). (clinicaltrials.gov)
levels
- It is thought that abnormally high levels of VEGF (or its presence in places where it shouldn't be expressed) cause disease. (blindness.org)
- Therefore, one would expect salivary VEGF levels to be proportionate to the amount of stomach acid. (drmyhill.co.uk)
- There is a huge amount of research that has been done with respect to VEGF, most of which is to do with high levels. (drmyhill.co.uk)
- However, the reverse is also true and low levels of VEGF would be a pointer towards hypochlorhydria. (drmyhill.co.uk)
- The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of Zometa (zoledronic acid, 1 mg per week versus 4 mg every four weeks) on the circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
suggests
- This suggests a potential role for changes in VEGF bioactivity in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
binding protein
- A hypoxia response pathway via mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) including inactivation of EIF4EBP1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1) and finally resulting in increased mRNA translation is known to be inhibited by DDIT4 . (nih.gov)
platelet-derive
- Colocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGF-R β ) reduces pericyte ensheathment of tumor vessels. (hindawi.com)
- Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) coordinates pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts through PDGF-R β on vascular smooth muscle cells [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of numerous growth factors that regulate cell growth and division. (wikipedia.org)
- Platelet-derived growth factor is a dimeric glycoprotein that can be composed of two A subunits (PDGF-AA), two B subunits (PDGF-BB), or one of each (PDGF-AB). (wikipedia.org)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a protein that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor / vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. (wikipedia.org)
anti-vascular endoth
- Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is currently treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies and photodynamic therapy (PDT). (arvojournals.org)
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also known as anti-VEGF therapy or anti-VEGF medication, is the use of medications that block vascular endothelial growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
- Pegaptanib is a pegylated anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) aptamer, a single strand of nucleic acid that binds with specificity to a particular target. (wikipedia.org)
genes
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B, 2 (BHLHB2), p21cip1 and DDIT4 - these transcripts were also upregulated - are known to be direct target genes [47,52, (nih.gov)
- Most embryos that carry knockouts for vasculogenesis genes (VEGF, VEGFR2) die in utero before analysis can occur. (ufl.edu)
- The gene encodes for a transcription factor that belongs to the Hairy/Enhancer of Split (Hes) subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix factor genes which encode transcriptional repressors that function as downstream targets to regulate cell fate during tissue development. (wikipedia.org)
- The mechanotransduction of these physical cues to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can also trigger the promotion or repression of certain genes which are responsible for vasodilation, cell alignment, and other shear stress-mitigating factors. (wikipedia.org)
inhibits
- showed that, in addition to stimulating endothelial cell proliferation, VEGF also inhibits neovascularization via its capacity to disrupt vascular smooth muscle cell function [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Ochsenbein AM, Karaman S, Proulx ST, Berchtold M, Jurisic G, Stoeckli ET, Detmar M (2016) Endothelial cell-derived semaphorin 3A inhibits filopodia formation by blood vascular tip cells. (springer.com)
- Increased expression of mir-126 inhibits cell proliferation of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro and prevents tomour growth through the targeting of EGFL7. (wikipedia.org)
upregulation
- Upregulation of PHACTR1 by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been described in breast cancer cell lines, potentially pointing to a connection with the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is also implicated in genetic predisposition to migraine9 and has a key role in Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes, two inherited connective tissue disorders causing aortic dissection. (wikipedia.org)
induce
- Tumors induce the proliferative vascular response of host blood vessels by influencing the local balance of angiogenic regulators, a rate-limiting step termed the angiogenic switch [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- On the other hand, studies in cells have shown that ceramide-inducing agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha α (TNFα) and palmitate induce the ceramide-dependent removal of a phosphate group (dephosphorylation) of the retinoblastoma gene product RB and the enzymes, protein kinases B (AKT protein family) and C α (PKB and PKCα). (wikipedia.org)
- Binding of these factors induce the transcription of the mir-126 pre-miRNA resulting in the formation of the hairpin pri-miRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- In endothelial cells, mir-126 is also released with in these bodies are upon absorption in a neighbouring cell induce the CXCL12 dependant vascular protection. (wikipedia.org)
tumor growth
- Angiogenesisthe growth of new blood vessels vessels from preexisting vesselsis an important physiological process and is considered to play a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. (code3systems.com)
- Local secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key factor in both tumor growth and ascites formation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
induces
- Blockage of VEGF signaling induces vessel normalization and inhibition of new vessel growth (16). (hindawi.com)
- The tight electrostatic binding of the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) to polyanions induces heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, a prothrombotic adverse drug reaction caused by immunoglobulin G directed against PF4/polyanion complexes. (bloodjournal.org)
metastasis
- Later studies into the consequences of VEGF inhibitor use have shown that, although they can reduce the growth of primary tumours, VEGF inhibitors can concomitantly promote invasiveness and metastasis of tumours. (wikipedia.org)
actin
- DR reduced microvessel density and VEGF expression in the astrocytoma, while increasing recruitment of pericytes, positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA). (hindawi.com)
cell migration
- Accumulating data suggests that, while this molecule is, in general, part of growth signaling complex, it plays a more profound role in controlling cell migration. (wikipedia.org)
mice
- 5 Previous studies have reported that abnormalities of vascular structure are present in homozygous AM knockout mice. (ahajournals.org)
- Mice engineered to specifically have vascular endothelium cells deficient in β-catenin showed disrupted adhesion between vascular endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41", or BHLHE41, is a gene that encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor repressor protein in various tissues of both humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
- The closest structural and functional relative of VEGF-C is VEGF-D. However, at least in mice, VEGF-C is absolutely essential for the development of the lymphatic system, whereas VEGF-D appears to be not necessary at all. (wikipedia.org)
vasculogenesis
- Vasculogenesis is the initial establishment of the components of the blood vessel network, or vascular tree. (wikipedia.org)
- Vasculogenesis occurs prior to vascular remodelling, but is a necessary step in the development of the blood vessel network and has implications on the identification of vessels as either arterial or venous. (wikipedia.org)
morphogenesis
- Through this function, PHACTR1 is suggested to play a role in cell motility and vascular morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2000, Fleury proposed that instead of diffusive molecules bearing responsibility for the branching morphogenesis of the vascular tree, a long-range morphogen may be implicated. (wikipedia.org)
therapies
- Seventeen eyes of 16 patients were treated promptly with anti-VEGF therapies, PDT, or both. (arvojournals.org)
lumen formation
- Axnick J, Lammert E (2012) Vascular lumen formation. (springer.com)
epithelial
- These complexes, which help regulate cell growth in addition to creating and maintaining epithelial layers, are known as adherens junctions and they typically include at least cadherin, β-catenin, and α-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
maturation
- VEGF-C is a dimeric, secreted protein, which undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation resulting in multiple processed forms. (wikipedia.org)
- With progressing maturation, the affinity of VEGF-C for both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 increases and only the fully processed, mature forms of VEGF-C have a significant affinity for VEGFR-2. (wikipedia.org)
adhesion
- Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), an endothelium-specific member of the cadherin family members of adhesion protein (Bach et al . (code3systems.com)
- While less attention is directed at α-catenin in studies involving cell adhesion, it is nonetheless an important player in cellular organization, function and growth. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically
- Specifically, VEGF prevents pericyte coverage of nascent vascular sprouts leading to vessel destabilization. (hindawi.com)
neural
- Apart from vascular targets, VEGF-C is also important for neural development and blood pressure regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Tumors
- One approach used by tumors to upregulate growth and survival is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Autocrine signaling plays critical roles in cancer activation and also in providing self-sustaining growth signals to tumors. (wikipedia.org)
increases
- The study of vascular or remodelling in the embryo is widely believed to have been pioneered by Thoma in 1893 when he observed that increases in local blood flow cause widening of the vessel diameter, even going so far as to postulate that blood flow might be responsible for the growth and development of blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
vessel
- 7. Which process is defined as the growth of new blood vessel from preexisting vessels? (ufl.edu)
vessels
- In contrast to healthy vessels, tumor vessels are immature, often mal-shaped, irregular, and have a tortuous structure with a leaky endothelial cell lining [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This then reduces the growth of the blood vessels located within the eye and works to control the leakage and swelling. (wikipedia.org)
- Soon thereafter, it was shown to be a specific growth factor for lymphatic vessels in a variety of models. (wikipedia.org)
morphology
- It is known that mechanical forces can have a dramatic impact on the morphology and complexity of the vascular tree. (wikipedia.org)
blood
- Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye, a family history of the condition, migraines, high blood pressure, and obesity. (wikipedia.org)
development
- However, a diffusive model of vascular development would seem to fall short of the complexity of capillary beds and the interwoven network of arteries and veins. (wikipedia.org)
tissue
- Vascular remodelling is pertinent to wound healing and proper integration of tissue grafts and organ donations. (wikipedia.org)
occur
- In order to activate VEGF-C, a second cleavage has to occur between the N-terminal propeptide and the VHD. (wikipedia.org)
progression
- But, "the benefits are at best transitory and are followed by a restoration of tumour growth and progression. (wikipedia.org)
human
- Vascular remodelling is a process which begins at day 21 of human embryogenesis, when an immature heart begins contracting, pushing fluid through the early vasculature. (wikipedia.org)
rats
- In rats, pegaptanib was successful at blocking VEGF-mediated vascular leakage almost entirely. (wikipedia.org)
polypeptide
- A heat-stable polypeptide present in these extracts, ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 (APF-1), was found to become covalently attached to the model protein substrate lysozyme in an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent process. (wikipedia.org)
- This form is referred to as "intermediate form" or pro-VEGF-C and it consists of two polypeptide chains of 29 and 31 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic
- Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is an important risk factor of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (bio-protocol.org)
- However, outside of wound healing, chronic vascular remodelling in the adult is often symptomatic of cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
Mature
- This embryonic process is necessary for the future stability of the mature vascular network. (wikipedia.org)
tumour
- Thalidomide was discovered to inhibit tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 1991. (wikipedia.org)