• Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30030132) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30030132) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30030132) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • SnRK1: a versatile plant protein kinase that limits geminivirus infection. (ncsu.edu)
  • us pharmacological inhibitors such as Picroto in GABAA receptor antagonist, Pertussis to in Gi protein coupled receptor pathway inhibitor, Herbimycin A tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Chelerythrine chloride protein kinase C inhibitor, not Wortmannin A phosphoinositide 3 kinase inhibitor, H 89 cAMP dependent protein kinase A inhibitor for 1 hr at 37 C with 5% CO2 in humidified air prior to the addition of human SIZP. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)
  • STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. (nature.com)
  • In addition to these promotion-flowering genes, TERMINATING FLOWER ( TMF ) encodes an ALOG family protein and affects inflorescence organization in tomato. (nature.com)
  • Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The paper, Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments , looked at seeds maturing under vegetative canopies, simulated by adding a green filter to light. (botany.one)
  • After germination, plants enter a juvenile vegetative phase and then transition to an adult vegetative phase before producing reproductive structures. (elifesciences.org)
  • The transcriptional activator Put3p allows yeast cells to utilize proline as a nitrogen source through expression of the PUT1 and PUT2 genes. (openrepository.com)
  • The reduced expression of most of these genes in htz1Delta cells was reversed by the deletion of SIR2 (sir2Delta) suggesting that H2A.Z antagonizes telomeric silencing. (sdbonline.org)
  • We further defined groups of genes that best classified the cells parsed into 12 distinct cell clusters to generate a scaled expression heat map of discriminative gene sets for each cluster. (stowers.org)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After, universal and conserved genes were used (cytoskeleton actin and tubulin protein genes) that have brought with them greater resolution in the identification and classification of supergroups [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For vegetative caulinary meristem, the notion of 3-component zonation is defended (axial apical zone, reserved territory, lateral leaf initiating zone, medullary meristem giving the pith), defined on cytological and functional criteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The total duration of the cell cycle, in hours, and that of its phases (G1,S,G2,M) show that the axial apical zone has the longest cycle, the lateral zone the shortest cycle and the medullary meristem a cycle of intermediate duration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only the presynthesis phase G1, by its lengthening in the axial zone, its shortening in the lateral zone and, to a lesser degree, in the medullary meristem, ensures the control of proliferation in the vegetative meristem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following pre-flowering phase is characterized by the reactivation of the axial apical zone, the cessation of foliar initiation and the rapid differentiation of the cells of the medullary meristem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell cycle is stopped at G1 in the meristem of dormant buds, in that of the embryo contained in the seed or in the cotyledonary bud of the fully inhibited Pea. (wikipedia.org)
  • A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
  • Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
  • Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
  • For annual plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana , proper determination of the flowering time is critical for plant reproductive success because a switch from vegetative to reproductive development is irreversible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nup2 is a nonessential nucleoporin that functions in nuclear transport, boundary activity, and telomere silencing in mitotically dividing cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • These attachment sites are linked to actin-bundles that surround the nucleus via an Ndj1-Mps3-Csm4 protein bridge that spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Requirement of Cdc42 for Salmonella typhimurium -induced cytoskeletal reorganization and nuclear responses in cultured cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
  • Trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which consist of ca. thirty distinct proteins called nucleoporins. (nih.gov)
  • The asymmetrical distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP drives cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through karyopherins, a family of nuclear transport carrier proteins that bind to Ran-GTP. (nih.gov)
  • Beginning of metaphase is characterized by the absence of nuclear membrane and nucleolus and the appearance of thread-like fiber called spindle fiber starting from the the poles of the cell. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Plant cells that have been transformed by the plasmid can be selected on media containing the antibiotic, and then cultured to generate new, transgenic plants. (jrank.org)
  • The transition from the juvenile vegetative to the adult vegetative stage, during which plants acquire reproductive competence, is known as vegetative phase change. (elifesciences.org)
  • Plants grow and develop by splitting and reproducing their cells. (groworks.co.uk)
  • Pieces of DNA may enter through these temporary pores, and sometimes protoplasts will be transformed as the new DNA is stably incorporated (i.e., able to be transmitted in mitotic cell divisions). (jrank.org)
  • The result of mitotic cell division is two daughter cells which are genetically identical to both each other and the parent cell. (sciencetopia.net)
  • This Special Issue, "Plant Cell Wall Proteins and Development", will cover a selection of recent research topics in the field of cell wall biology focused on cell wall proteins and their roles during development. (mdpi.com)
  • Fission yeast Myo51 is a meiotic spindle pole body component with discrete roles during cell fusion and spore formation. (openrepository.com)
  • Although Myo52 has been shown to have roles in vacuole distribution, cytokinesis and cell growth, Myo51 has no as yet discernible function in the vegetative life cycle. (openrepository.com)
  • Silencing at mating locus HMR requires silencers, and one of the roles of the silencer is to recruit Sir proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Several of these kinases have known roles in regulating cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemical demonstra- inflammation has also been noted in the peripheral nerves tion of viral antigen within the brain and vegetative nerve ( 5 ), myocardium ( 1 , 6 , 7 ), and adrenal glands ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • a severe and sometimes fatal Type 1 reaction in a susceptible person after a second exposure to a specific antigen (e.g., food, pollen, proteins in latex gloves, or penicillin) after previous sensitization. (cdc.gov)
  • In htz1Delta cells, Sir2 and Sir3 spread into flanking euchromatic regions, producing changes in histone H4 acetylation and H3 4-methylation indicative of ectopic heterochromatin formation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Much of the current understanding of these processes is derived from analyses of nucleosomal histones that represent the major histone species within cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • The histone H2A.F/Z (H2AZ) variant is a functionally distinct, highly conserved histone subgroup that likely represents a separate evolutionary lineage of histone H2A proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, we uncover distinct functions for this motor protein during mating and meiosis. (openrepository.com)
  • Our results indicate that Cac2 and Hir1 have distinct localization patterns during different stages of the Tetrahymena life cycle and suggest that Cac2 might be dispensable for chromatin assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The red algae form a distinct group characterized by having eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles , chloroplasts that lack external endoplasmic reticulum and contain unstacked (stroma) thylakoids , and use phycobiliproteins as accessory pigments , which give them their red color. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unsupervised analyses uncovered 12 distinct classes from 7,088 high-quality cells. (stowers.org)
  • Here we identified Nup2 in a pool of enriched proteins that co-purify with tagged Ndj1 from meiotic cell extracts. (biorxiv.org)
  • Several common birth defects, such as Down's syndrome, result from aneuploidy arising during meiotic cell divisions. (nih.gov)
  • the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is a well-known expression host used to express homologous and heterologous proteins in a number of industrial applications. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Class V myosins are dimeric actin-associated motor proteins that deliver cellular cargoes to discrete cellular locations. (openrepository.com)
  • Carrel's ideas about cellular immortality convinced his many contemporaries that cells could be maintained indefinitely. (asu.edu)
  • Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Papillomaviruses infect epithelial cells of cutaneous or mucosal origin in a variety of vertebrate hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Modulation of chloride secretory responses and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells by the Salmonella effector protein SigD. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing DNA replication programs reveals large timing shifts at centromeres of endocycling cells in maize roots. (ncsu.edu)
  • We also established that P. anserina developmental programs require H3K27me3-mediated silencing, since loss of the PaKmt6 EZH2-like enzyme caused severe defects in most aspects of the life cycle including growth, differentiation processes and sexual reproduction, whereas loss of the PaKmt1 SU(VAR)3-9-like enzyme resulted only in marginal defects, similar to loss of PaHP1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vegetative, Asexual and Sexual Reproduction. (recruitmentresult.com)
  • The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
  • The authors have previously reported that the Salmonella typhimurium SigD protein, a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase involved in invasion of the host cell, inhibits yeast growth, presumably by depleting an essential pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate, and also that a catalytically inactive version, SigD R468A , was able to arrest growth by a different mechanism that involved disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The amino-terminal non-catalytic region of Salmonella typhimurium SigD affects actin organization in yeast and mammalian cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In interphase cells, GTP-bound Ran (Ran-GTP) is the major form in nucleus while GDP-bound Ran (Ran-GDP) is the predominant form in cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • During these sub-phases, cell grows and volume increases by producing proteins and other cell organelles, nucleus stains darkly, chromosomes get duplicated, division takes place and various other biosynthesis takes place and the cell is metabolically very active. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Division of nucleus during the cell cycle known as karyokinesis. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular analysis suggested that Esc2p contributed to silencing in a manner similar to Sir1p and probably helped recruit or stabilize the other Sir proteins, while Htz1p present at HMR assembled a specialized chromatin structure necessary for silencing (Dhillon, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • We suggest that acceleration of rate of the divisions and partial cell cycling synchronization takes place at this point. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interphase is the time period between two successive cell divisions where the cell prepares itself for the process. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Arlette Nougarède, wife Lance, born in 1930 in Narbonne, is a cell biologist specializing in plant development from embryogenesis to flowering. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1910s, Alexis Carrel, a French surgeon and biologist, concluded that cells are intrinsically immortal. (asu.edu)
  • In contrast, the 'facultative' heterochromatin corresponds to the deposition of H3K27me3 on gene-rich regions, whose silencing is transient and dynamic across developmental processes, allowing cell type-specific differentiation and rapid adaptation of gene expression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An infection is established in the basal layer of the epithelium, and a complex viral life cycle is carried out, dependent on the differentiation state of the host cell [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As progeny cells migrate towards the epithelial surface, a differentiation pathway is triggered, leading to changes in viral gene expression, genome amplification, and assembly of progeny virions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)
  • The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. (asu.edu)
  • At the end of telophase, two nuclei in a single cytoplasmic cell is formed. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Finally, cytoplasm divides between two newly formed nuclei and new daughter plant cells are formed. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Cell wall proteomics, as well as numerous genetic or biochemical studies, have revealed the high diversity of CWPs, among which proteins acting on polysaccharides, proteases, oxido-reductases, lipid-related proteins and structural proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells. (asu.edu)
  • After a seed has germinated, the shoot progresses through a juvenile vegetative phase, an adult vegetative phase and ultimately, when conditions are right, a reproductive phase ( Figure 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The juvenile-to-adult transition, or vegetative phase change, is controlled by the activity of microRNA-156. (elifesciences.org)
  • A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. (asu.edu)
  • To counteract constraints imposed by nucleosome structure, cells deploy two major classes of multiprotein enzymes, which covalently modify the nucleosome core histones or catalyze nucleosome mobility in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent fashion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Floral transition is a critical event in the life cycle of a flowering plant as it determines its reproductive success. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replicate plant cells or protoplasts that are placed under identical conditions of tissue culture do not always grow and differentiate to produce identical progeny (clones). (jrank.org)
  • Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
  • In modern science, epithelium is a type of animal tissue in which cells are packed into neatly arranged sheets. (asu.edu)
  • Cassava begomovirus species diversity changes during plant vegetative cycles. (ncsu.edu)
  • It is generally accepted that H3K27me3-enriched heterochromatin maintains transcriptional repression established during early development and regulates cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mohanty B, Takahashi H, de los Reyes BG, Wijaya E, Nakazono M, Lee DY (2016) Transcriptional regulatory mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenase 1-deficient mutant of rice for cell survival under complete submergence. (ttu.edu)
  • Geminiviral V2 Protein Suppresses Transcriptional Gene Silencing through Interaction with AGO4. (ncsu.edu)
  • in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our data suggests that in rice, miR159 positively regulates organ size, including stem, leaf, and grain size due to the promotion of cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
  • De los Reyes BG, Yun SJ, Herath V, Xu F, Park MR, Lee JI, Kim KY (2012) Phenotypic, physiological and molecular evaluation of chilling stress response of rice at the vegetative stage. (ttu.edu)
  • The basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune , which completes its life cycle in ∼ 10 d, is a notable exception insofar as it can be cultured on defined media and there are a wealth of molecular tools to study its growth and development. (nature.com)
  • Papillomaviruses undergo a complex life cycle requiring regulated DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We isolated X1 neoblasts cells enriched in high piwi-1 expression (Neoblast Population), and profiled ∼7,614 individual cells via scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of each cluster's gene signatures was validated using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-stained with piwi-1 and largely confirmed the cell clusters revealed by scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
  • 11 Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Development and New Trends in Radiochemistry Molecular imaging (using fotex PET payapl SPET radiotracers) will encompass in the future imaging of gene expression, protein expression, often referred to as an expiry date, the stock is trading at above 100, 1,000 is received. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • First, expression of SigD R468A caused accumulation of large unbudded cells and loss of septin organization, while SigD expression caused none of these effects. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A. mongolicus has a growth cycle of 2 to 3 years, and its root is often harvested in the spring or autumn, before being dried under the sun. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The jointless ( j ) mutant produces indeterminate inflorescences that revert to vegetative growth after the production of two or three flowers 16 , 17 . (nature.com)
  • Second, growth inhibition by SigD R468A was mediated by a cell cycle arrest in G2 dependent on the Swe1 morphogenetic checkpoint, but SigD-induced growth inhibition was cell cycle independent. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plant cell walls surround cells and provide both an external protection and a mean for cell-to-cell communication. (mdpi.com)
  • Plant Cell and Environment 33:2209-2230. (ttu.edu)
  • Loss of Small-RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in the Plant Cell Cycle Promotes Germline Reprogramming and Somaclonal Variation. (ncsu.edu)
  • It takes place in plant cell and animal cell by cell plate method and call furrow method respectively. (sciencetopia.net)
  • In case of plant cell, the remnants of spindle fiber organizes at the center of the cell. (sciencetopia.net)
  • In the 1960s, however, Carrel's thesis about cell immortality was put into question by the discovery that human diploid cells can only proliferate for a finite period. (asu.edu)
  • Our current studies on this complex focus on functional dissection of the multiple domains within this large protein and on interacting proteins that may be essential for the function of the RanBP2 complex. (nih.gov)
  • The juvenile vegetative phase has a critical role in plant development. (elifesciences.org)
  • First identified in Drosophila, the conserved Polycomb group (Pc-G) protein complexes were shown to be both writers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2) and readers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, PRC1) of H3K27me3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • functional characterization of nat/ncs2 proteins of aspergillus brasiliensis reveals a genuine xanthine-uric acid transporter and an intrinsically misfolded polypeptide. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Free-living amoebas (FLAs) develop their lives in the environment and are characterized by the lack of a cell wall in the trophozoite stage, which allows them to extend their cytoplasm to mobilize, resulting in the formation of pseudopods, further enabling them to feed on smaller microorganisms, mainly bacteria or decaying particles. (hindawi.com)
  • When the constriction or furrow meets, the cytoplasm divides to give two daughter animal cells. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Similarly, vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex organizes at the middle of the cell to form solid plate-like structure called cell plate. (sciencetopia.net)
  • Removal of the H3K9me binding protein PaHP1 provided further support to the notion that each type of heterochromatin requires the presence of the other. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mass spectrometric analysis identified seven phosphorylated amino acids on the BPV E1 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Not only does Myo51 transiently localise to a foci at the site of cell fusion upon conjugation, but overexpression of the Myo51 globular tail also leads to disruption of cell fusion. (openrepository.com)
  • Upon entry into a basal epithelial cell, the infecting genome is transiently amplified to approximately 50 to 200 copies, establishing a latent infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histological analysis of stem, leaf and mature spikelet hull showed the reduced number of small vascular bundles (SVB), less number of small veins (SV) between two big veins (LV) and less cell number in outer parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PDD is a fatal disease of psittacine birds ganglioneuritis of the vegetative nerve plexuses of the crop, associated with nonsuppurative encephalitis and ganglion- euritis of the upper intestinal tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared with Affymetrix One-Cycle labeled extracts, NuGEN system protocols utilizing oligo(dT) and random hexamer primers, and cDNA target preparations instead of cRNA, achieved percent present rates up to 55% on Plus 2.0 arrays. (openrepository.com)