TrypanosomaParasitesNeglected TropicalTrypanosomesCHAGAS DISEASESchistosomiasisGlossinaLeishmaniasisOnchocerciasisInfectionEpidemiologyTriatomine bugsTriatominaePathogensCruziPathophysiologyHumansAfricaMalaria vectorImportant vectorsEndemicBurden of vector-borneTransmissionSleeping SicknessMetacyclicAfricanLivestockSpeciesInsecticidePopulationsPentamidineControlCattleEpidemiologicalAmericanHuman and animal
Trypanosoma15
- Considering the lack of state-of-the-art knowledge on camel trypanosomiasis in Somalia, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. (researchgate.net)
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (East African or Rhodesian African trypanosomiasis) transmitted by infected tsetse flies ( Glossina morsitans ). (medscape.com)
- It is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , which is transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors and is found only in the Americas (mainly, in rural areas of Latin America where poverty is widespread). (cdc.gov)
- African human trypanosomiasis is caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , transmitted through the bite of tsetse flies. (who.int)
- Human African trypanosomiasis is infection with protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei , transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly. (msdmanuals.com)
- Here, we examined the niche use of seven triatomine species that occur in Mexico, based on whether they are infected or not with Trypanosoma cruzi , the vectors and causative parasites of Chagas disease, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- Members of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , the causal agent of Chagas disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ceballos, L.A. Long-term reduction of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals following deforestation and sustained vector surveillance in northwestern Argentina. (uba.ar)
- Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . (biomedcentral.com)
- Our group has been isolating and characterising molecular chaperones from Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human and animal African trypanosomiasis as well as from Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. (ru.ac.za)
- A rare form of trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma lewisi , has been reported in 8 individuals. (medscape.com)
- What is the vector that transmits the Trypanosoma parasite? (microblife.in)
- Chagas disease (CD) is a disease caused by the protozoan flagellate of the Kinetoplastid order Trypanosoma cruzi , whose vector is an insect belonging to the Reduviidae family and subfamily Triatominae popularly known as barber 1 . (bvsalud.org)
- This mechanism of transmission contrasts with that of the two subspecies of African trypanosomes that cause human disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which are transmitted via the saliva of their vectors, and with the mechanism by which a nonpathogenic trypanosome found in the Americas, Trypanosoma rangeli , is transmitted to its mammalian hosts. (medscape.com)
- The epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi is the multiplying stage of the parasite that grows in the gut of the insect vector and also in cell-free culture medium as shown here. (medscape.com)
Parasites8
- Parasites & Vectors, 2016, 9:605. (fao.org)
- Parasites & Vectors, 2015, 8:284. (fao.org)
- The vector potential of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks for Babesia microti parasites under experimental condition. (obihiro.ac.jp)
- Parasites & Vectors. (obihiro.ac.jp)
- A hot and humid climate is often an ideal environment for the survival of both parasites and their eggs and it also makes possible the development of a multitude of vector insects. (asnom.org)
- Molecular chaperones play a wide range of roles in the cell and they are required to assist both parasites as they move from a cold blooded insect vector to a warm blooded mammalian host. (ru.ac.za)
- Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is caused by trypanosome parasites that are transmitted by tsetse flies. (who.int)
- is the main vector for trypanosomes the parasites that cause trypanosomiasis. (microblife.in)
Neglected Tropical1
- Abstract Malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are vector-borne protozoal infections with a disproportionately high impact on the most fragile societies in the world, and despite malaria-focused research gained momentum in the past two decades, both trypanosomiases and leishmaniases remain neglected tropical diseases. (unl.pt)
Trypanosomes6
- Although general laboratory studies may be helpful, a definitive diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis requires actual detection of trypanosomes. (medscape.com)
- Diptera: Glossinidae) vector trypanosomes, the causal pathogens of trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. (bioone.org)
- Named for the single-celled trypanosomes that infiltrate the bloodstream during a tsetse bite, trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, kills perhaps a million cattle a year around the world. (mongabay.com)
- Reducing the human reservoir of trypanosomes in parallel with the reduction and eventual elimination of the vector is critical, but cannot be done without strengthening disease surveillance, providing treatment and developing new drugs to replace those that are becoming less effective through development of resistance in the trypanosome. (who.int)
- Late in the course of African trypanosomiasis, trypanosomes appear in the interstitial fluid of many organs, including the myocardium and eventually the central nervous system. (msdmanuals.com)
- Two sorts of electrocuting device have been particularly useful for studying the behaviour of tsetse flies (Glossina spp), the vectors of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. (sun.ac.za)
CHAGAS DISEASE7
- The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. (harvard.edu)
- Vector mapping and bloodmeal metabarcoding demonstrate risk of urban Chagas disease transmission in Caracas, Venezuela. (harvard.edu)
- Chagas disease ( T. cruzi infection) is also referred to as American trypanosomiasis. (cdc.gov)
- Testing this prediction is key, especially for vector-borne diseases including Chagas disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- Vector-borne transmission does not occur in the Caribbean, but rare vector-borne cases of Chagas disease have been noted in the southern United States. (virginia.gov)
- American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, affects millions of people throughout the Americas. (medscape.com)
- Chagas disease is a vector transmitted disease also known as American trypanosomiasis. (sfasu.edu)
Schistosomiasis1
- Earlier this year, I attended a workshop in Arusha, Tanzania to train research scientists from South Africa, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Botswana, Kenya and Tanzania on how to use products derived from NASA satellites to monitor climate and environmental factors that influence the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis and Rift Valley Fever. (nasa.gov)
Glossina1
- Transmission was successfully halted on Zanzibar by sterile insect technique (SIT) of the vector Glossina austeni. (wikipedia.org)
Leishmaniasis2
- The burden of vector-borne dis- through scaling up access to interven- pesticides, WHO also encourages coun- eases has increased every year since then, tions (Figure 1), and strengthening tries to institute management strategies including recent outbreaks of dengue, capacity in medical entomology and (rotation of pesticides and their use in Rift Valley fever and leishmaniasis [3]. (who.int)
- Five other diseases (leprosy, leishmaniasis, yaws, Buruli ulcer and Human African Trypanosomiasis) require individual case management. (who.int)
Onchocerciasis1
- In order to achieve their cycle of development most of these insects need water, either stagnant water such as for the vectors of malaria and trypanosomiasis or running water such as for onchocerciasis. (asnom.org)
Infection1
- New cases of vector-borne T cruzi infection usually occur in persons who live in primitive houses in areas where the sylvatic cycle is active. (medscape.com)
Epidemiology3
- Background: The behaviour of insect vectors has an important bearing on the epidemiology of the diseases they transmit, and on the opportunities for vector control. (sun.ac.za)
- Reliable information about vector density and malaria transmission risk is essential for understanding variations in disease epidemiology and targeting intervention programs, which are useful tools at the continental and national scales, but are less appropriate in a context of local-scale variations in disease patterns that often vary within a few kilometers distance. (biomedcentral.com)
- Epidemiological data, Epidemiology, American trypanosomiasis . (bvsalud.org)
Triatomine bugs1
- The insect vectors are called triatomine bugs. (medika.life)
Triatominae1
- This parasite is usually transmitted to humans by Triatominae insects as vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogens3
- Ambrosia beetles from the genus Xyleborus are important vectors of fungal pathogens in forest and agricultural systems, yet the influence of temperature on their morphological development has been poorly studied. (bvsalud.org)
- Mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) are known to be vectors of a large number of pathogens around the globe and are considered as prime candidates for transmitting (re-)emerging vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Europe [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The increased mobility of humans, that has also increased the mobility of livestock and pathogens, as well as environmental modifications and climate changes can contribute to the (re-)emergence of vector-borne diseases [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cruzi1
- The infective forms of T cruzi are contained in the feces of the insect vectors and gain entry into its mammalian hosts through contamination. (medscape.com)
Pathophysiology1
- To protect companion animal and human health, it is important for veterinary practitioners to have an accurate and current understanding of the geographic distribution, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vector-borne disease, and many recent studies document important changes in all of these factors. (elsevierhealth.com)
Humans4
- Sleeping sickness, known also as trypanosomiasis, is a debilitating and potentially deadly disease to humans that also kills perhaps 1 million cattle each year. (mongabay.com)
- Tsetse flies, of which there are some 23 species, are the vectors of trypanosomiasis, a disease that is a major cause of death and sickness in both humans and livestock throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. (fao.org)
- The human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as the sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by T. brucei and transmitted to humans by bites of the tsetse fly. (uni-marburg.de)
- These nuisance situations can eventually lead to autochthonous VBD cases, when in non-endemic areas infectious reservoirs, either humans (travellers, temporary workers) or animals (livestock, migrating animals) come in contact with high density of mosquito vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Africa5
- African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is an illness endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. (medscape.com)
- The COMBAT project: controlling and progressively minimizing the burden of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Africa. (fao.org)
- Trypanosomiasis is a daily threat to more than 60 million men, women and children in 37 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 22 of which are among the least developed countries in the world. (who.int)
- Her MSc and PhD were both on vector-borne animal diseases in Africa: namely heartwater and trypanosomiasis. (nri.org)
- Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used all over the world (Africa, Asia, Latin America) since 1940 because of their efficiency in protecting crops and in the fight against the vectors of some endemic diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever and trypanosomiasis. (scialert.net)
Malaria vector3
- The product, 2GARD, is intended to be used for malaria vector control as an Indoor Residual Spray (IRS). (who.int)
- Anopheles plumbeus is a nuisance mosquito species and a potential malaria vector. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this survey, the nuisance mosquito species and potential malaria vector Anopheles plumbeus (Stephens, 1828) (Figure 1 ) was one of the most frequently collected mosquito species [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Important vectors1
- The most important vectors are thought to be horseflies (Tabanidae spp. (wikipedia.org)
Endemic2
- Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020). (fao.org)
- The Programme against African Trypanosomiasis, established in 1995, is a joint project of WHO, FAO, IAEA and OAU/Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources to support Member States in trypanosomiasis-endemic areas to reinforce surveillance and control of human and animal trypanosomiases. (who.int)
Burden of vector-borne1
- ABSTRACT The Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization is facing an increasing burden of vector-borne diseases. (who.int)
Transmission3
- In a recent study , researchers evaluate the cost of a tsetse fly vector control method in Cote D'Ivoire, that has recently achieved elimination of gHAT as a public health problem and is working towards absence of new infections and interruption of transmission. (beds.ac.uk)
- present links for Global studies and Regional studies, about diseases transmission by intermediate hosts or vectors. (bvsalud.org)
- Vector-borne transmission of Chagas occurs principally in rural areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America where air conditioning and screened windows are a rarity and home construction methods leave many gaps that allow the bugs to enter the home. (virginia.gov)
Sleeping Sickness4
- Animal trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana and nagana pest, or sleeping sickness, is a disease of vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
- Human African Trypanosomiasis , also called sleeping sickness, is a fatal disease if left untreated. (beds.ac.uk)
- This review does not include discussion of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) because that disease in infants and children is indistinguishable from disease in adults. (medscape.com)
- For information, see African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness). (medscape.com)
Metacyclic1
- The trypomastigote is the infective flagellated form of the parasite found in the blood of the mammalian hosts (blood trypomastigote) and in the hindgut of vectors (metacyclic trypomastigote). (medscape.com)
African17
- African Animal Trypanosomiasis" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
- No vaccine is available for African trypanosomiasis. (medscape.com)
- Patients who have recovered from late-stage East African trypanosomiasis should undergo lumbar punctures every 3 months for the first year. (medscape.com)
- Patients who have recovered from West African trypanosomiasis may no longer need to undergo lumbar punctures every 6 months for 2 years, depending on their treatment regimen. (medscape.com)
- BugBitten What influences the cost of vector control in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination? (beds.ac.uk)
- What influences the cost of vector control in Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) elimination? (beds.ac.uk)
- The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Achievements in relation to WHO road map targets for 2020. (fao.org)
- Human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: disease distribution and risk. (fao.org)
- Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. (fao.org)
- Guinea-worm disease (GWD), Buruli ulcer (BU) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) affect only or mainly the African continent. (who.int)
- Climate change and African trypanosomiasis vector populations in Zimbabwe's Zambezi Valley: A mathematical modelling study. (mongabay.com)
- However, given the progress made towards the control of American trypanosomiasis,2 and the potential lessons for the African trypanosomiasis eradication campaign, this report has been extended to cover more generally the control of trypanosomiasis . (who.int)
- WHA36.31 requesting WHO, inter alia , to strengthen support for control of African human trypanosomiasis. (who.int)
- The Pan African Trypanosomiasis and Tsetse Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) was established in Lomé during the OAU summit of Heads of State and Government in July 2000. (who.int)
- The main role of PATTEC is to promote at the highest political level control of trypanosomiasis, and the Campaign represents a strong, pan-African commitment to the fight against the disease. (who.int)
- In 2001, FAO adopted a resolution (4/2001) requesting support for African Member States and the PATTEC initiative in efforts to combat effectively human and animal trypanosomiases and their vectors. (who.int)
- In 2021, approximately 800 combined cases were reported to the WHO, with over 90% caused by T. b. gambiense (see WHO: Human African trypanosomiasis ). (msdmanuals.com)
Livestock2
- Although the loss of direct livestock products (meat, milk, and blood) is problematic, the greatest impact of livestock trypanosomiasis is the loss of crop productivity due to loss of the animals' draught power in the field. (wikipedia.org)
- Traditional methods of control involve the use of insecticide spraying to eliminate the vector, and regular chemotherapy of livestock. (fao.org)
Species3
- Insects of several species are vectors. (harvard.edu)
- Control measures, particularly for parasitic and vector-borne diseases, have in the past depended on the use of pesticides which, if improperly used, have adverse affects on the environment and on non-target species. (fao.org)
- In 2010, in the Netherlands, the Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV) started a nationwide inventory of indigenous mosquitoes to acquire basic information on the composition, geographical distribution, biodiversity and environmental preferences of mosquito species. (biomedcentral.com)
Insecticide1
- In 2005, the Fifty-second Session of both insecticide-treated nets and for of vector-borne disease have often re- the Regional Committee for the Eastern indoor-residual spraying), is spread- sulted in significant use of pesticides Mediterranean issued resolution EM/ ing fast and compromises these efforts. (who.int)
Populations2
- Control and elimination strategies for HAT have focused on a combined approach of intensive screen-and-treat programmes for human and animal populations and deployment of tsetse vector control methods. (beds.ac.uk)
- WHO prequalification of vector control products primarily benefits populations most affected by vector-borne diseases by facilitating access to these prevention focused tools. (who.int)
Pentamidine1
- Three drugs (pentamidine, melarsoprol and eflornithine) can be used to treat trypanosomiasis successfully, but access to them is limited and treatment courses are long, difficult and not without side-effects, some of them serious. (who.int)
Control15
- In a recent study, researchers evaluate the cost of using 'Tiny Target' tsetse control in Cote D'Ivoire and demonstrate how vector ecology and geography can influence the cost of vector control strategies. (beds.ac.uk)
- To reach these targets interventions such as vector control, need to be cost-effective and easily deployable. (beds.ac.uk)
- Researchers in this study evaluate the cost of using Tiny Targets in different settings, and highlight how vector biology and human geography influence the cost of vector control. (beds.ac.uk)
- Progress in controlling these diseases is compromised by the limited number of vector control interventions, most of which rely on the use of pesticides. (who.int)
- This paper aims to draw the attention of policy- and decision-makers to the challenges the Region is facing in managing public health pesticides properly to control disease vectors and, based on the outcome of the survey, recommends a set of actions to guide national policy and to strengthen national capacity for the sound management and judicious use of public health pesticides. (who.int)
- 208 000 change, droughts and floods, and man- Source: [1] made factors including uncontrolled urbanization and lack of appropriate policies for vector control. (who.int)
- The International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control was established in 1949 to promote research and control of both human and animal trypanosomiases. (who.int)
- 10. At the technical level, PATTEC is mainly involved in preparing a large vector-control campaign with the aim of creating tsetse-free areas. (who.int)
- Within the framework of the Programme, WHO is responsible for research on and surveillance and control of human trypanosomiasis. (who.int)
- The cost-benefit analysis of investment in the vector control programme in Brazil indicates that there are savings of US$17 in medical care and disabilities for each dollar spent on prevention, showing that the programme is a health investment with very high return. (scielo.br)
- WHO's Prequalification Unit, Vector Control Product Assessment team (PQT/VCP) assesses vector control products and public health pesticide active ingredients to determine their acceptability and that they can be used safely, effectively and are manufactured to a high-quality standard. (who.int)
- Products that meet prequalification requirements are added to the WHO list of vector control products. (who.int)
- In some regions of Latin America, vector-control programs have succeeded in stopping the spread of this disease by spraying insecticides on walls and in cracks and crevices of home walls. (virginia.gov)
- This modeling approach based on remotely sensed information is potentially useful for counter measures that are putting on at the environmental side, namely vector larvae control via larviciding and water body reforming. (biomedcentral.com)
- Vector control - is it all in the attitude? (biomedcentral.com)
Cattle1
- This has led to the development of collars that store and gradually release these chemicals, reducing tsetse attack and thus trypanosomiasis incidence for cattle wearing these collars. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemiological1
- Background: Quantifying the effects of climate change on the entomological and epidemiological components of vector-borne diseases is an essential part of climate change research, but evidence for such effects remains scant, and predictions rely largely on extrapolation of statistical correlations. (sun.ac.za)
American1
- American trypanosomiasis). (msdmanuals.com)
Human and animal1
- We aimed to develop a mechanistic model to test whether recent increases in temperature in the Mana Pools National Park of the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe could account for the simultaneous decline of tsetse flies, the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis. (sun.ac.za)