• Vasodilatory factors include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGl2), and endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and vasoconstrictive factors include thromboxane (TXA2), norepinephrine, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). (beckman.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of vasoactive substances endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) during early chronic CRPS1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the vasoactive substances ET-1 and nitric oxide (NO) in intermediate/cold type CRPS1 in relation to inflammatory mediators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • this vasodilation was blocked by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (10(-4)M), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis from L-arginine, and by hemoglobin (10(-5)M). Dopamine, dobutamine, and papaverine induced vasodilation of the IMA regardless of the presence or absence of an intact intima, while norepinephrine induced profound IMA vasoconstriction, which was comparable to contraction to potassium ions or the constrictor peptide endothelin. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to these functions, it modulates vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing a number of vasoactive factors that may have vasodilatory effects, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and vasoconstrictor effects, such as thromboxane A 2 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This is primarily accomplished by timely and balanced production and release of endothelial relaxing factors, namely, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, or endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor [2C4], as well as endothelium-derived contracting autacoids, such as endothelin-1, thromboxane A2, angiotensin II, or superoxide anion. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Cell-type specific interaction of endothelin and the nitric oxide system: pattern of prepro- ET - 1 expression in kidneys of L-NAME treated prepro- ET - 1 promoter-lacZ-transgenic mice. (jsce-ip.com)
  • Vasospasm reducing the arterial circulation can also contribute to increasing hypoxia that precipitates the endothelium dysfunction leading to the reduced production of vasodilatative factors (PG, and nitric oxide) and the increase of vasoactive substances like endothelins and tromboxane. (rawveronica.com)
  • The vascular endothelium produces a number of important substances including endothelial-derived relaxing factor or nitric oxide, endothelin-1, prostacyclin, and tissue plasminogen activator. (health.am)
  • Important vasoactive substances are angiotensin-11, endothelin-1, and alpha-adrenergic agonists. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study compared release of vasoactive substances from canine coronary microvessels with that from paired conductance arteries. (bvsalud.org)
  • In HTN, the delicate balance between vasodilators and vasoconstrictors is disturbed, leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED) with excessive release of vasoconstrictor substances, such as ET-1 [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The response of different blood vessels to action of various relaxing and contractile vasoactive substances can be partly or YKL-06-061 entirely endothelium dependent, as well completely endothelium impartial [5C8]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • 10. Burnstock G. Release of vasoactive substances from endothelial cells by shear stress and purinergic mechanosensory transduction// J. Anat. (kiev.ua)
  • Vascular endothelium contributes importantly to regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It is currently thought to be the result of disturbances in a number of neural, renal, hormonal, and vascular mechanisms regulating blood pressure (BP), so crucial importance is given to the imbalance of a number of vasoactive factors produced by the endothelium. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 1. Introduction The endothelium has a central role in the regulation of blood pressure and flow through continuous modulation of vascular tone [1]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Finally, endothelial dysfunction can be seen as a improved creation of endothelium-derived contracting elements also, including angiotensin II, endothelins, superoxide anions, and cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids [10]. (mundial-brasil2014.net)
  • Taken together, the concerted actions of above factors lead to dysfunctional status of the vascular endothelium (endothelial dysfunction) (Fig. 1 ) [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
  • Bluo-Gal staining of kidney sections revealed intracellular blue particles as indicators of prepro-ET-1 promoter activity in tubular and vascular endothelium and glomerular cells. (jsce-ip.com)
  • The vascular endothelium modulates contractile responses to 5-HT and ET-1 in human subcutaneous resistance arteries but this effect is lost in patients with NPG, indicating a selective defect in agonist mediated release of endothelium derived vasodilators. (bmj.com)
  • The potent vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory mediator endothelin (ET)-1 plays a major role in this cascade. (nih.gov)
  • Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and is involved in several vascular disorders such as hypertension. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that has been shown to significantly impact many benign and malignant tissues by signaling through its two cognate receptors: ET(A) and ET(B). As ET-1 has a role in both normal and diseased kidney, we initiated studies to investigate endothelin axis expression and function in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (jsce-ip.com)
  • Biochemical evidence includes an imbalance in the prostacyclin:thromboxane ratio and high circulating concentrations of von Willebrand factor, endothelin, and cellular fibronectin. (health.am)
  • Endothelins action on ETA and ETB receptors (ETARs and ETBRs) [6 7 both G protein-coupled receptors that may activate multiple G proteins types and impact several signaling pathways [8]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Results Endothelin receptors in dorsal root ganglion neurons The expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in the rat lumbar DRG was analyzed in binding experiments using 125I-ET-1 as the radioligand. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • A binds to and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-1 and VEGFR-2. (silverchair.com)
  • This large body of evidence demonstrates the antitumor activity of endothelin receptor antagonists and provides a rationale for the clinical evaluation of these molecules alone and in combination with cytotoxic drugs or molecular inhibitors leading to a new generation of anticancer therapies targeting endothelin receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelins exert their effects by binding to two distinct cell surface ET receptors, ET A and ET B . The ET B receptor (ET B R) binds the three peptide isotypes with equal affinity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BTC binds and activates ErbB-1 and ErbB-4 homodimers and is further characterised by its unique ability to activate all possible heterodimeric ErbB receptors. (embl.de)
  • The receptor (5‐HTR) and transporter (5‐HTT) of serotonin (5‐HT), and VPAC [the receptors of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] are all coupled to G‐protein 128,136. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to study the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors ETA and ETB in normal human gingiva and cyclosporin-induced gingival fibroblasts. (jsce-ip.com)
  • The expression of ET-1 and its receptors was also examined in gingival fibroblast cells treated with CsA. (jsce-ip.com)
  • Physiological studies showed desTEBV grafts generated significantly greater contraction to depolarization with 60 mM KCl, as well as receptor-mediated activation with physiologically relevant vasoactive agents (10 µM Serotonin and 100 nM Endothelin-1) than ecTEBV. (wfu.edu)
  • Background Endothelin is certainly among the many regional mediators that are essential in pain era as well as the modulation of nociceptor responsiveness to unpleasant stimuli. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Treatment of SHRs with rosiglitazone (insulin sensitizer) and/or enalapril (ACE inhibitor) may simultaneously improve hypertension, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction by rebalancing insulin-stimulated production of vasoactive mediators. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) pro-inflammatory mediators and vascular changes play an important role in the sustained development and outcome of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Propofol inhibited the endothelin-1-induced Ca2+ influx, but this was significant only at supuraclinical concentrations. (silverchair.com)
  • Endothelin-1 plasma concentrations in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. (peertechzpublications.org)
  • In contrast to skeletal muscle resistance vessels, ET-1 contributes to the maintenance of skin microvascular tone through both ET A and ET B receptor-mediated vasoconstriction [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of propofol on endothelin-1-induced intracellular signaling in an aortic smooth muscle cell line, A10 cells, were examined. (silverchair.com)
  • The effect of propofol on the endothelin-1-induced Ca2+ influx into A10 cells was evaluated by measuring intracellular 45Ca2+. (silverchair.com)
  • These results suggest that propofol inhibits endothelin-1-induced intracellular signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Bluo-Gal staining of tissue sections revealed intracellular blue particles as indicators of prepro-ET-1 promoter activity. (jsce-ip.com)
  • A vasoactive substance is an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing blood pressure and/or heart rate through its vasoactivity, that is, vascular activity (effect on blood vessels). (wikipedia.org)
  • There was no relationship to adrenaline, dopamine or endothelin levels. (bmj.com)
  • Endothelin-1 and Hypertension" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/14671 (accessed November 30, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The use of vasoactive agents for patients with pulmonary hypertension may cause harm and unnecessary expense to persons with left heart disease or hypoxemic types of lung diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 6 ] Eisenmenger syndrome is considered part of the group 1 causes of pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • Background Endothelin-1 (ET-1) both stimulates nociceptors and sensitizes these to noxious stimuli an impact probably mediated with the ETA receptor (ETAR) expressed in sensory neurons. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Endothelin produced by vascular endothelial cells is a potent vasoactive peptide that elicits prolonged contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells. (silverchair.com)
  • ET-1 mediated contraction in control and patient arteries was reduced in the presence of (10 −5 M) nifedipine. (bmj.com)
  • Collecting lymphatic vessels are surrounded by smooth muscle cells, pumping lymph against pressure gradient, with contraction rate of 1-15 cycles/min. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Various vasoactive agents, such as prostanoids, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and endothelin antagonists, are approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
  • ET-1 receptor antagonists beside providing ideal tools for dissecting the ET axis at molecular level have demonstrated their potential in developing novel therapeutic opportunity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has propelled the development of several potent and selective ET-1 receptor antagonists. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Selective antagonists of 5-HT and ET-1 may, therefore, help to prevent vasospasm in patients with NPG. (bmj.com)
  • The Big ETs are then activated via proteolytic cleavage by the ET-converting enzymes (ECEs), ECE-1 and ECE-2 [ 14 ] ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Vibration white finger is likely driven by somatosympathetic reflex activation, increased á2c adrenergic receptor expression and endothelin-1 release. (cdc.gov)
  • Within this research we looked into ET receptor expression in DRG and using the patch clamp technique the effects of ET-1 on responses to capsaicin in DRG neurons. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • 48), 167S 170S (Printed in Great Britain) Expression of endothelin-1 and vasoactive intestinal contractor genes in mouse organs. (silverchair.com)
  • NO in turn inhibits ET-1 expression. (jsce-ip.com)
  • High affinity ET-1 binding occurred in all but one RCC cell line and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated ET(A) mRNA expression in all six cell lines. (jsce-ip.com)
  • The protease that catalyzes the conversion, endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), constitutes a potential regulatory site for the production of the active peptide. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of ET-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the vascular wall of abdominal aorta in dead patients, with and without atherosclerotic changes by immunohistochemical staining. (umbalk.org)
  • The 24 segments of human abdominal aortas collected at autopsy within five hours of death were used: group 1 (G1) included 20 atherosclerotic segments and group 2 (G2) included 4 non-atherosclerotic segments. (umbalk.org)
  • The results showed the local overrepresentation of ET-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the atherosclerotic segments. (umbalk.org)
  • Our study showed the active participation of ET-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by triggering a vicious circle responsible for the atherosclerotic plaque's destabilization. (umbalk.org)
  • We investigated plasma levels of vasoactive hormones when BP waves were observed. (bmj.com)
  • The demonstration of ET-1 as an important mediator in the progression of many tumors clearly identifies the ET axis as a potential therapeutic target. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21-residue vasoactive peptide, is produced in vascular endothelial cells from the 38-residue inactive intermediate big endothelin-1 via a specific cleavage at Trp-21-Val-22. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The MMP-2 is also liable for cleavage of a big endothelin-1 (ET-1), resulting in the release of the vasoactive ET-1 peptide responsible for vasoconstriction and smooth muscle proliferation, activating the process of athero- and thrombogenesis. (umbalk.org)
  • P. J. Garlick 1 Rates of protein synthesis have been measured from the incorporation of 57 mg of l-[1- 13 C]leucine/kg for 90 min into muscle tissue and colorectal tumours removed at surgery from cancer patients. (silverchair.com)
  • To investigate the signaling pathways involved in potentiation we analyzed the effects of ET-1 in HEK293 cells coexpressing the ETAR and TRPV1. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Recently, investigations into the role of the ET axis in mitogenesis, apoptosis inhibition, invasiveness, angiogenesis and bone remodeling have provided evidence of the importance of the ET-1 axis in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A balanced regulation of this EDNRA/EDNRB interplay - also referred to as the endothelin axis (ET-axis)- is essential for, for example, homing processes to tissue destinations, where cells differentiate into numerous lineages such as the peripheral nervous system, structural and connective tissue components, cardiac cells or pigment-producing melanocytes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inhibitory effect of propofol might be exerted at a point between the endothelin-1 receptor and its GTP-binding protein. (silverchair.com)
  • We report the identification of ECE-1, a novel membrane-bound neutral metalloprotease that is expressed abundantly in endothelial cells in vivo and is structurally related to neutral endopeptidase 24.11 and Kell blood group protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ET-1 protein was estimated from the tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (jsce-ip.com)
  • In addition, this revised LDL up-regulates the manifestation of leukocyte adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1-V-CAM 1, E/P-selectin), as well as other chemokines, such as macrophage colony-stimulating element (M-CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in the endothelial cells. (rawveronica.com)
  • ET-1 highly potentiated capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents in a few neurons and in HEK293 cells co-expressing TRPV1 as well as the ETAR. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Given the amount of reports in the participation of ET-1 in nociception fairly little is well known about the signaling cascade and effectors that result in the nociceptive replies to ET-1 in principal sensory neurons. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • A subpopulation of neurons responded to ET-1 with a potentiation of the capsaicin-mediated responses. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In addition to ECs, ET-1 is expressed in a wide variety of cells including VSMCs, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, epithelial cells in the lungs and kidneys, neurons, and glial cells [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These secondary neurons immediately cross over to the opposite anterolateral spinothalamic tract 3 to the thalamus and then to the somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus 6 ( fig. 1 ). (asahq.org)
  • Endothelins and sarafotoxins: physiological regulation, receptor subtypes and transmembrane signaling. (expasy.org)
  • Functionally, ET-1 significantly inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in RCC cells through binding ET(A) with the ET-1 signaling mediated via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. (jsce-ip.com)
  • The endothelins (ETs) are produced from their corresponding approximately 200-residue prepropolypeptides that are encoded by three distinct genes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection represents an ongoing public health burden leading to extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • Microcirculatory dysfunction is associated with organ failure, poor response to vasoactive drugs and increased mortality in cirrhosis, but monitoring techniques are not established. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the Western population [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Its strong interaction with other vasoactive hormone systems suggests that the ET-1 gene (EDN1) is a potential candidate molecule that influences the risk of developing hypertension. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Schematic representation of the biosynthesis and vascular effects of ET-1 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The increased staining of ET-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells correlates with atherosclerosis severity. (umbalk.org)
  • When compared with WKY control rats, 12-week-old vehicle-treated SHRs were hypertensive, overweight, and insulin resistant, with elevated fasting levels of insulin and ET-1 and reduced serum adiponectin levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Endothelin (EDN) signalling plays a crucial role in cell differentiation, proliferation and migration processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to investigate the interaction of ET-1 and NO in the kidney in vivo, transgenic mice at the age of 3-4 months were treated with a single dose of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (25 mg (kg bw)(-1) i.p.) 12 h before kidney removal. (jsce-ip.com)
  • Vasoactive drugs are typically administered using a volumetric infusion device (IV pump). (wikipedia.org)