- peripheral
- The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or may sometimes be called by the older term total peripheral resistance (TPR), while the resistance offered by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (wikipedia.org)
- peripheral resistance resistance to the passage of blood through the small blood vessels, especially the arterioles. (thefreedictionary.com)
- total peripheral resistance the vascular resistance of the systemic circulation: the difference between the mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure divided by the cardiac output . (thefreedictionary.com)
- the pressure drop across the bed divided by the blood flow, conventionally expressed in peripheral resistance units. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This resistance was used to simulate TPR, or total peripheral (vascular) resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Labetalol acts by blocking alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance without significant alteration of heart rate or cardiac output. (wikipedia.org)
- Long term, however, it is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, by other mechanisms, HCTZ is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- In low doses, labetalol and carvedilol can decrease the peripheral resistance and block the effects of isoprenaline to reduce hypertensive symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Hyperdynamic circulation, with peripheral vasodilatation from low systemic vascular resistance, leads to hypotension. (wikipedia.org)
- This inhibition leads to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and an antihypertensive effect. (wikipedia.org)
- insulin resistance
- In the overweight and obese individual, as well as in persons with hypertension, systemic and vascular insulin resistance often occur in concert with elevations in plasma aldosterone. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Indeed, basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that elevated plasma aldosterone levels predict the development of insulin resistance and that aldosterone directly interferes with insulin signaling in vascular tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
- This review will highlight recent evidence supporting the hypothesis that aldosterone and MR signaling represent an ideal candidate pathway linking early promoters of diabetes, especially overnutrition and obesity, to vascular insulin resistance, dysfunction, and disease. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Vascular function, insulin resistance and fatty acids. (nih.gov)
- To demonstrate that overexpressing protein kinase C-β2 isoform in endothelial cells can cause selective insulin resistance and exacerbate atherosclerosis in the aorta. (ahajournals.org)
- renal vascular resistance
- By inducing ischaemia, changes in renal vascular resistance (RVR) may contribute substantially to the extent of nephrotoxic injury. (springer.com)
- P .J. Ratcliffe, Z .H. Endre, L.G. Nicholls, J.D. Tange and J.G.G. Ledingham, The isolated perfused rat kidney: filtering and non-filtering models in the assessment of altered renal vascular resistance in nephrotoxicity, (this Symposium). (springer.com)
- Endre Z.H., Nicholls L.G., Ratcliffe P.J., Ledingham J.G.G. (1989) Prevention and Reversal of Mercuric Chloride-Induced Increases in Renal Vascular Resistance by Captopril. (springer.com)
- endothelial cell
- In the vasculature, insulin signaling plays a critical role in normal vascular function via endothelial cell nitric oxide production and modulation of Ca 2+ handling and sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Protein kinase C-β2 isoform was overexpressed in endothelial cells using a promoter of vascular endothelial cell cadherin. (ahajournals.org)
- hypertension
- Available evidence suggests that impaired vascular insulin sensitivity may be an early, perhaps principal, defect of vascular function and contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in persons with obesity, hypertension, and T2D. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Left ventricular outflow tract time-velocity integral (TVI lvot) can be easier to measure than TVI rvot, especially in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) with significant anatomical modifications of the right structures.AimsWe wanted to determine whether the TRV/TVI rvot and TRV/TVI lvot ratios would form a reliable non-invasive tool to estimate PVR in a cohort of patients with moderate to severe pulmonary vascular disease. (7thspace.com)
- Randomised Cross-over Pilot Study to Determine the Effects of Isoflurane and Propofol on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Adenosine and selective reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance in primary pulmonary hypertension. (ahajournals.org)
- Insulin's vascular actions are impaired in insulin-resistant conditions such as obesity, Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which could contribute to the excessive rates of cardiovascular disease in these groups. (nih.gov)
- Is pulmonary vascular resistance index predictive of exercise tolerance in adult patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. (biomedsearch.com)
- We postulated that a higher upstream resistance (R up ) would be expected in patients with CTEPH who have predominantly proximal (large-vessel) disease, whereas CTEPH patients with lower R up are likely to have significant concomitant small-vessel disease and are, therefore, at risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension after PTE. (ahajournals.org)
- Vessel occlusion increases vascular resistance and therefore leads to hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypertension is due to an increase in vascular resistance and vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
- occlusion
- We postulated that pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure waveform analysis, a technique that has been used for partitioning pulmonary vascular resistance, might identify CTEPH patients with significant distal, small-vessel disease. (ahajournals.org)
- Postoperative hemodynamics after PTE were compared with preoperative partitioning of pulmonary vascular resistance derived from the occlusion data. (ahajournals.org)
- cardiac
- A significant correlation between pulmonary blood volume and stroke volume was found, lending support to the hypothesis that the volume and elasticity of the pulmonary vascular bed contribute to the regulation of cardiac output. (ahajournals.org)
- Systemic vascular resistance is used in calculations of blood pressure, blood flow, and cardiac function. (wikipedia.org)
- Units for measuring vascular resistance are dyn·s·cm−5, pascal seconds per cubic metre (Pa·s/m³) or, for ease of deriving it by pressure (measured in mmHg) and cardiac output (measured in l/min), it can be given in mmHg·min/l. (wikipedia.org)
- In other words: Systemic Vascular Resistance = 80x(Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure or CVP) / Cardiac Output Mean arterial pressure is most commonly measured using a sphygmomanometer, and calculating a specialized average between systolic and diastolic blood pressures. (wikipedia.org)
- As an example: If Systolic pressure: 120 mmHg, Diastolic pressure: 80 mmHg, Right atrial mean pressure: 3 mmHg, Cardiac output: 5 l/min, Then Mean Arterial Pressure would be: (2 Diastolic pressure + Systolic pressure)/3 = 93.3 mmHg, and Systemic vascular resistance: (93 - 3) / 5 = 18 Wood Units. (wikipedia.org)
- Improvements were also noted in hemodynamic variables, including mean pulmonary pressure, cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance , and in WHO functional class status. (thefreedictionary.com)
- METHODS: In the present study the variations in blood volume, stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were investigated in 68 patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis utilizing bioelectrical impedance cardiography. (biomedsearch.com)
- In short-term, acute situations, labetalol decreases blood pressure by decreasing systemic vascular resistance with little effect on stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output. (wikipedia.org)
- Clevidipine is a dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker, highly selective for vascular, as opposed to myocardial, smooth muscle and, therefore, has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or cardiac conduction. (wikipedia.org)
- decreases
- By blocking this interaction, bosentan decreases pulmonary vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Since the pulmonary resistance is proportional to the pressure driving the pulmonary flow (P=Q*R), it follows that the pulmonary pressure decreases. (wikipedia.org)
- mmHg
- The conversion between these units is: 1 mmHG ⋅ min L ( HRUs ) = 8 MPa ⋅ s m 3 = 80 dyn ⋅ sec cm 5 {\displaystyle 1\,{\frac {{\text{mmHG}}\cdot {\text{min}}}{\text{ L }}}({\text{HRUs}})=8\,{\frac {{\text{MPa}}\cdot {\text{s}}}{{\text{m}}^{3}}}=80\,{\frac {{\text{dyn}}\cdot {\text{sec}}}{{\text{cm}}^{5}}}} The basic tenet of calculating resistance is that flow is equal to driving pressure divided by resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients
- Prevention or restoration of these changes via blockade of aldosterone action in the vascular wall with MR antagonists (i.e., spironolactone, eplerenone) may therefore account for the clinical benefit of these compounds in obese and diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance had relatively low pulmonary vascular compliance. (ahajournals.org)
- Mean pulmonary flow and mean pulmonary vascular resistance of the patients were 4. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent PTE at UCSD between July 2010 and June 2013, Crouch found that 64 subjects had pre-operative pulmonary resistance values (PVRs) less than 300 dyn∙/cm5 and 355 patients had PVRs above 300dyn∙/cm5. (eurekalert.org)
- To test this hypothesis, we performed measurements of Poccl during the preoperative evaluation in a series of CTEPH patients referred to our center for PTE, and we correlated the preoperative distribution of resistance with surgical outcome. (ahajournals.org)
- coronary arteries
- When demand for oxygen in the myocardium is increased, the vascular resistance of the coronary arteries has the ability to reduce, and this can increase the volume of blood passing through the blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
- hypotension
- Systemic vascular resistance in intradialytic hypotension determined by means of impedance cardiography. (biomedsearch.com)
- CONCLUSION: Intradialytic hypotension seems the consequence of an inadequate compensatory response to ultrafiltration-induced blood volume reduction, resulting in a fall in systemic vascular resistance. (biomedsearch.com)
- markedly
- The appearance of cyanosis in a patient who initially was acyanotic and had a left-to-right shunt suggests the development of a markedly increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to significant right-to-left shunting. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bosentan
- One study showed that treatment with bosentan was safe and led to improvements in pulmonary vascular resistance and other measures, Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
- dysfunction
- Insulin-resistant states of obesity and Type II diabetes show a multitude of metabolic abnormalities that could cause vascular dysfunction. (nih.gov)
- increases
- On the other hand, if selling increases at $57, that may become the new resistance level. (thefreedictionary.com)
- pulmonary blood
- The ratio of pulmonary blood volume to mean intravascular pressure was used as an indication of pulmonary vascular compliance. (ahajournals.org)
- Children with ASD typically have normal pulmonary vascular resistance , and generally endure increased pulmonary blood flow which may exceed twice the systemic blood flow. (thefreedictionary.com)
- downstream
- Recent and accumulating evidence in this area has implicated excessive Ser phosphorylation and proteosomal degradation of the docking protein, insulin receptor substrate, and enhanced signaling through hybrid insulin/IGF-1 receptor as important mechanisms underlying aldosterone-mediated interruption of downstream vascular insulin signaling. (diabetesjournals.org)
- 5-8 With Poccl, the pulmonary arterial resistance can be partitioned into larger arterial (upstream) and small arterial plus venous (downstream) components. (ahajournals.org)
- Anaesthesia
- The investigators hypothesize that there is no difference between the effects of isoflurane and propofol anaesthesia on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- tissues
- airway resistance the opposition of the tissues of the air passages to air flow: the mouth-to-alveoli pressure difference divided by the rate of air flow. (thefreedictionary.com)
- compliance
- Vascular compliance is determined by the muscle tone in the smooth muscle tissue of the tunica media and the elasticity of the elastic fibers there, but the muscle tone is subject to continual homeostatic changes by hormones and cell signaling molecules that induce vasodilation and vasoconstriction to keep blood pressure and blood flow within reference ranges. (wikipedia.org)
- Reversal
- Due to the potential anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic activity of terguride, this potential medicine could offer the hope of achieving reversal of pulmonary artery vascular remodeling and attenuation of disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
- receptors
- Specifically, α1 receptors can be found in most vascular smooth muscle, the pupillary dialator muscle, the heart, the prostate, and pilomotor smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- On the other hand, α2 receptors can be found in platelets, cholinergic nerve terminals, some vascular smooth muscle, postsynaptic CNS neurons, and fat cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Carvedilol also blocks alpha receptors, which are found on blood vessels, and relaxes the blood vessels, dilating them, which lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Acute
- Acute exercise improves endothelial function despite increasing vascular resistance during stress in smokers and nonsmokers. (biomedsearch.com)
- Overall, acute exercise improved endothelial function among smokers and nonsmokers despite increasing vascular resistance and reducing limb blood flow during neurovascular stress. (biomedsearch.com)
- vessel
- Vasomotion could also be a mechanism of increasing the reactivity of a blood vessel by avoiding the "latch state", a low ATP cycling state of prolonged force generation common in vascular smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Pressure
- The above equation contains a numerical constant to compensate for the units used, but is conceptually equivalent to the following: R = Δ P Q {\displaystyle R={\frac {\Delta P}{Q}}} where R is the pulmonary vascular resistance (fluid resistance), ΔP is the pressure difference across the pulmonary circuit, and Q is the rate of blood flow through it. (wikipedia.org)
- Although it ejects the same blood volume as the LV, the RV generates about one-sixth of its work and pressure, because the pulmonary vascular resistance is only about 15% of systemic vascular resistance (SVR). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The secondary endpoints are the percentage change in mean pulomanry artery pressure (PAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- It reduces mean arterial blood pressure by decreasing systemic vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- This is because they can decrease vascular resistance and decrease pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- Circulation
- Thus, dilating the resistance vessels in the coronary circulation causes blood to be shunted away from the coronary vessels supplying the ischemic zones, creating more ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
- vasodilation
- Several vascular beds of SHR have impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. (ahajournals.org)
- reduction
- to cause a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Units
- This is numerically equivalent to hybrid resistance units (HRU), also known as Wood units (in honor of Paul Wood, an early pioneer in the field), frequently used by pediatric cardiologists. (wikipedia.org)
- significant
- Although there is significant in vitro evidence suggesting that O 2 − contributes to increased systemic vascular tone in the SHR, the role of O 2 − in the increased RVR and MAP of SHR in vivo remains unclear. (ahajournals.org)
- normal
- androgen resistance resistance of target organs to the action of androgens , resulting in any of a spectrum of defects from a normal male phenotype in which men have normal genitalia but infertility to complete androgen resistance in which the individual has a female phenotype. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Further, pulmonary vascular resistance usually drops back to close normal levels. (wikipedia.org)
- indication
- When the security approaches the resistance level, it is seen as an indication to sell the security, which will increase the supply , causing the security's price to fall back below the resistance level. (thefreedictionary.com)
- rise
- When this occurs, the price of the security will likely continue to rise until it finds another resistance level. (thefreedictionary.com)
- smooth muscl
- Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration exhibits periodic oscillations in vascular smooth muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
- In this model, high gap junction coupling is present between the vascular smooth muscle cells, the endothelial cells and the endothelial to vascular smooth muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
- disease
- An Early Contributor to Diabetes-Related Vascular Disease? (diabetesjournals.org)
- Over the past 10 years it has become clear that intact vascular function, especially at the level of the endothelium, is paramount in the prevention or delay of cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
- Raised non-esterified fatty acids impair insulin's effect on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and the vascular endothelium and thus could have detrimental effects on the vasculature, leading to premature cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
- modulation
- To determine how in vivo modulation of thiol redox state affects small resistance arteries relaxation, we generated a transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses thioredoxin, a small redox protein (Trx-Tg), and another strain that is thioredoxin-deficient (dnTrx-Tg). (ahajournals.org)
- however
- If there are too many buyers , however, the security rises above the resistance level. (thefreedictionary.com)
- However, the role of vascular redox in small resistance arteries is unknown. (ahajournals.org)
- changes
- These changes result in increased vascular resistance and PAH. (wikipedia.org)
- time
- Echocardiographic ratio of peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity to the right ventricular outflow tract time-velocity integral (TRV/TVI rvot) was presented as a reliable non-invasive method of estimating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (7thspace.com)
- But a trading range isn't fixed and investor attitudes change, so the resistance level tends to move higher or lower over time. (thefreedictionary.com)
- When patch clamp recordings are conducted, depolarization occurs in the endothlial layer at the same time as the underlying vascular smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- channels
- Vascular thiol redox state has been shown to modulate vasodilator functions in large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels and other related channels. (ahajournals.org)
- Diagram of the vascular channels in a human embryo of the second week. (wikipedia.org)
- index
- In this article, we look at the relationship between walking distance and a hemodynamic variable, pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), from the available trials. (biomedsearch.com)
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