Vascular cell membrane of platelets platelet glycoprotein gpiib iiia complex. Medical search. Frequent questions

Under physiological conditions, the GP IIb/IIIa receptors are present in a low-affinity state and cannot bind to fibrinogen. (aging-us.com)
As the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex is the major receptor for fibrinogen, its impaired activation prevents fibrinogen binding to platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation. (itopmeds.com)
On resting platelets, GP IIb/IIIa is unable to bind fibrinogen or vWf. (medscape.com)
The alpha granules contain hemostatic proteins such as fibrinogen, vWf, and growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factors). (medscape.com)
ITGA2B is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin and functions in platelet activation (5). (peertechzpublications.com)
Additionally, the applications of peptidomimetics in anti oxidants, anti malarial drugs, blood filtration membranes and as fibrinogen antagonists have also been included. (ijpsr.com)
Whatever the initial stimulus, the final common event is a cross-linking of platelets by binding of fibrinogen to a membrane-binding site, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). (justia.com)
Disintegrins contain an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) or KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) sequence motif that binds specifically to integrin IIb-IIIa receptors on the platelet surface, thereby blocking the binding of fibrinogen to the receptor-glycoprotein complex of activated platelets. (embl.de)
Common (or conventional) coagulation tests (CCT) include prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels. (e-jnc.org)

This active metabolite selectively inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding to its platelet P2Y12 receptor and subsequently the ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. (itopmeds.com)

GP IIb/IIIa receptor activation plays an important role in thrombosis. (aging-us.com)
In thrombosis, platelet activation serves as the initiation factor. (aging-us.com)
Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Hughes Syndrome/Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune, hypercoagulable, thrombo inflammatory, and thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications syndrome caused by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) in plasma of patients with vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity along with persistent anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA), including lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) and/or anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibodies. (endinglines.com)
Blood platelets play an essential role in hemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation of blood. (biomedcentral.com)
High shear stress in stenotic atherosclerotic arteries cause platelet adhesion leading to the development of arterial thrombosis and cardiovascular events[ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets are anucleate blood cells, long known to be critically involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
to Platelet adhesion and aggregation are initiating events in arterial thrombosis. (justia.com)
Integrin receptors are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, serving as the final common pathway leading to aggregation via formation of platelet-platelet bridges, which are essential in thrombosis and haemostasis. (embl.de)
Inhibition of Notch signaling, too, restrained agonist-induced platelet activation, and significantly impaired arterial thrombosis in mice. (elifesciences.org)
Physiologically, upon platelet activation, uncontrolled propagation of thrombosis is prevented by regulating mechanisms which affect the expression and function of either platelet adhesion receptors or integrins. (biomedcentral.com)

The mechanism of early activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors in diabetic conditions remains unknown. (aging-us.com)
In conclusion, EMP-PDI promotes early platelet activation through glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors present on platelet surface in the diabetic state. (aging-us.com)
However, the ultimate common pathway of platelet aggregation is the activation of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors present on platelet surface [ 7 - 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
This process relies on the destruction of disulfide bonds present on these receptors, such as Cys5-Cys435, Cys663-Cys687, and a third Cys-rich repetitive zone, to be transformed into the ligand-binding, high-affinity state and evoke conformational changes in GP IIb/IIIa receptors [ 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, their distinctive armament of soluble mediators as well as the presence of surface receptors suggests that platelets must have further roles in several physiological and pathophysiological regulatory processes[ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Signaling is induced through binding of five independent ligands, Delta-like ligands (DLL)-1, 3, 4 and Jagged (Jag)-1 and -2 ( Kopan and Ilagan, 2009 ), to four isoforms of cognate Notch receptors, Notch1 to Notch4, on surface of adjacent cells. (elifesciences.org)
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors found in nearly all metazoan cell types, composed of non-covalently linked α and β subunits. (thno.org)
Alternatively, further activation of platelets is associated with microvesiculation as a none-selective mechanism which leads to the loss of membrane- bearing receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
In a non-physiological condition, the storage of therapeutic platelets has also shown to be associated with the unwilling activation of platelets which triggers receptors down-regulation via aforementioned different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
While the expression and shedding of pro-inflammatory molecules can induce post-transfusion adverse effects, stored-dependent loss of adhesion receptors by ectodomain shedding or microvesiculation may attenuate post-transfusion adhesive functions of platelets causing their premature clearance from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
In its first part, the review presented here aims to describe the mechanisms involved in down-regulation of platelet adhesion receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets firmly adhere to the sub-endothelial matrix through the engagement of collagen receptors α2β1 and GPVI (Adhesion) . (biomedcentral.com)
In this mechanism, vWF acts as a molecular bridge between constituents of the subendothelium, like collagen, and receptors of the platelet membrane, primarily the GPIb. (ashpublications.org)

This initial interaction (platelet adhesion) sets the stage for other adhesive reactions that allow the platelets to interact with other agonists in the vicinity of vessel injury, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), subendothelial collagen, and thrombin. (medscape.com)
The body's reaction to vessel wall injury is rapid adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium. (medscape.com)
Platelets have specialized adhesion mechanisms that make them able to take part in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets contain a number of integrins and cell adhesion molecules on their surface which bind to both leukocytes and endothelial cells (green). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Major cell adhesion molecule interactions include (platelet‐leukocyte) P‐selectin‐PSGL‐1 and GP1bα‐Mac‐1. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Although the process of platelet adhesion to the sub-endothelial surface may have an important role to play in the repair of damaged vessel walls, the platelet aggregation that this initiates can precipitate acute thrombotic occlusion of vital vascular beds, leading to events with high morbidity such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina. (justia.com)
The limited anti-thrombotic efficacy of aspirin may reflect the fact that it blocks only one source of ADP which is that released in a thromboxane-dependent manner following platelet adhesion (see e.g. (justia.com)
Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Integrin mediated cellular adhesion is dynamic process that is both indicative of and influenced by cell status. (thno.org)
The firm adhesion of platelets to the site of injury forms a monolayer which serves as a reactive site for further recruitment of free-flowing platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 1 demonstrates different steps of platelet tethering, adhesion, aggregation and thrombus formation. (biomedcentral.com)
a Different Stages of Platelet Adhesion to the Site of Vascular Injury. (biomedcentral.com)

Platelets were activated with ADP, thrombin, or the thrombin receptor agonist peptide SFLLRN (TRAP 1-6 ). (nature.com)
Thrombin can produce platelet aggregation largely independently of other pathways but substantial quantities of thrombin are unlikely to be present without prior activation of platelets by other mechanisms. (justia.com)
Strikingly, prevention of DLL-4-Notch1 interaction by a blocking antibody abolished platelet aggregation and extracellular vesicle shedding induced by thrombin. (elifesciences.org)
Of note, in a developing thrombus further activation converts platelets from a proaggregatory to a to pro-coagulant phenotype which enables the assembly of the coagulation reaction complexes (the Tenase and Prothrombinase complex) on the cell surface, necessary for thrombin and fibrin generation. (biomedcentral.com)

Compared with the normal diet group, the diabetic group had significantly increased plasma EMP-PDI content and accelerated platelet activation by increased GP IIb/IIIa expression. (aging-us.com)

In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of ITGA2B (integrin alpha 2b, platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex) gene polymorphism on the magnitude of inflammatory response after CPB. (peertechzpublications.com)
Integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are required for the attachment, cytoskeletal organization, mechanosensing, migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the context of a multitude of biological processes including fertilization, implantation and embryonic development, immune response, bone resorption and platelet aggregation. (thno.org)
In addition, integrin binding has been identified as a means of viral entry into cells [ 3 ]. (thno.org)
Integrin ligation via cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix contacts transduces intracellular signaling events in a process called 'outside-in' signaling (Fig. 2 ). (thno.org)
Platelet integrin α IIb β 3 can also be modulated with a calpain-dependent proteolytic cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
This triggers potent inside out signals inducing ADP release from dense bodies ( Shape change & agonist release ) as well as activating platelet major integrin α IIb β 3 . (biomedcentral.com)

Qin R , Zhu H , Wang F , Song M , Lin P , Xing Y , Zhang W , Zhong M , Wang Z , . Platelet activation in diabetic mice models: the role of vascular endothelial cell-derived protein disulfide isomerase-mediated GP IIb/IIIa receptor activation. (aging-us.com)
The drug is an irreversible inhibitor of the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor found on the membranes of platelet cells. (itopmeds.com)
The active metabolite of clopidogrel prevents binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor, impairing the ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. (itopmeds.com)
he drug specifically and irreversibly inhibits the P2Y12 subtype of ADP receptor, which is important in aggregation of platelets and cross-linking by the protein fibrin. (itopmeds.com)
No direct interference occurs with the GPIIb/IIIa receptor. (itopmeds.com)
ADP-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by the P 2T receptor subtype located on the platelet membrane. (justia.com)
The P 2T receptor (also known as P2Y ADP or P2T AC ) is primarily involved in mediating platelet aggregation/activation and is a G-protein coupled receptor which is as yet uncloned. (justia.com)
DLL-4, in turn, instigated neighbouring platelets to switch to 'activated' phenotype through cleavage of Notch receptor and release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which was averted by inhibition of γ-secretase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). (elifesciences.org)

Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
Bitiscetin has recently been shown to induce von Willebrand factor (vWF)-dependent aggregation of fixed platelets (Hamako J, et al, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226:273, 1996). (ashpublications.org)
V ON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein (GP) that plays a key role, under high-shear conditions, in the initial attachment of platelets to the extracellular matrix of the endothelial cells after injury of the vessel wall. (ashpublications.org)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of Endothelial microparticle (EMP)-associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) after endothelial cell injury induced in diabetes and the changes in platelet activation. (aging-us.com)

Based on clinical and experimental evidences we propose that platelets modulate the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. (biomedcentral.com)

The high anti-platelet efficacy of antibodies or antagonists for GPIIb/IIIa is explained by their interference with this final common event. (justia.com)
Thus, Notch pathway can be a potential anti-platelet/anti-thrombotic therapeutic target. (elifesciences.org)
Advances in the discovery of novel anti-platelet therapeutics remains an unmet need. (elifesciences.org)

A) EM image of an inflamed mouse cremaster venule, demonstrating platelet‐neutrophil‐endothelial cell interaction. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Knockin of human VWF exon 28 and crossbreeding with hGPIbα Tg generated a humanized mouse model of platelet GPIbα-VWFA1 interaction. (ashpublications.org)
Platelet aggregation, granule secretion and platelet-leukocyte interaction were analyzed by lumi-aggregometry and flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
The localization of the binding site of bitiscetin within the A3 domain was further supported by showing that MoAb to vWF, which are specific for this domain and block the interaction between vWF and collagen, are potent inhibitors of the binding of bitiscetin to vWF and consequently of the bitiscetin-induced binding of vWF to platelets. (ashpublications.org)
Thus, our data support the hypothesis that an interaction between the A1 and A3 domains exists that may play a role in the function of vWF by regulating the ability of the A1 domain to bind to platelet GPIb. (ashpublications.org)

It is proposed that the inhibition involves a defect in the mobilization from the storage sites of the platelet granules to the outer membrane. (itopmeds.com)
Platelets contain two unique types of granules: alpha granules and dense granules. (medscape.com)
Granules merge with channels of the canalicular system after platelet stimulation and evacuate their contents[ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ultrastructural features of a discoid platelet showing α‐granules, mitochondrion, the marginal microtubule band, and open canicular system. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

The binding of vWF to platelets involves glycoprotein (GP) Ib because it was totally blocked by monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 6D1 directed towards the vWF-binding site of GPIb. (ashpublications.org)
The binding also involves the GPIb-binding site of vWF located on the A1 domain because it was inhibited by MoAb to vWF whose epitopes are within this domain and that block binding of vWF to platelets induced by ristocetin or botrocetin. (ashpublications.org)
In vivo, plasma vWF has no affinity for platelet GPIb. (ashpublications.org)

The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
Platelet disorders lead to defects in primary hemostasis and produce signs and symptoms different from coagulation factor deficiencies (disorders of secondary hemostasis). (medscape.com)
Homeostatic regulation of coagulation is complex and heavily dependent on the liver. (msdvetmanual.com)

Platelet thrombus on immobilized collagen was quantified using microfluidics platform. (elifesciences.org)

By blocking the amplification of platelet activation by released ADP, platelet aggregation induced by agonists other than ADP is also inhibited by the active metabolite of clopidogrel. (itopmeds.com)
Platelet aggregometry is a standard clinical technique that measures the in vitro aggregability of platelets in response to agonists by using the amount of light transmitted through platelet-rich plasma (PRP) ( Holmsen, 1987 ). (nature.com)
Severe abnormalities in platelet function, such as Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, or platelet storage-pool deficiency, are characterized by the inability of platelets to aggregate in response to certain agonists. (nature.com)
Our study presents compelling evidence in support of non-canonical juxtacrine Notch signaling within platelet aggregates that synergizes with physiological agonists to generate occlusive intramural thrombi. (elifesciences.org)

Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)
internal or external triggers and/or stimuli may complement and connect regulatory pathways aimed towards target tissues and/or cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Through these pathways activated platelets are accumulated in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters) locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of converging pathways lead to platelet aggregation. (justia.com)

Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface proteins. (embl.de)
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles were documented with Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer. (elifesciences.org)

describes a novel signaling pathway involving Notch1 and its ligand, Δ-like ligand-4 (DLL4) in driving platelet activation and thrombus formation. (elifesciences.org)
Nonetheless, physiological thrombus formation (mural thrombi) is tightly regulated to avoid excessive platelet accumulation at the injury site and vascular obstruction, the principal pathological process causing heart attacks and ischaemic stroke [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Neither affinity-purified Ab1 nor Ab2 binds to platelets. (jci.org)
However, the combination of Ab1 and Ab2 (preincubated for 2 h at 22 degrees C) binds to platelets in a saturation-dependent manner at an optimum ratio range of 10-20:1. (jci.org)
In the presence of bitiscetin, vWF binds to platelets in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. (ashpublications.org)

These interactions further activate platelets. (medscape.com)
The platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex mediates platelet-to-platelet interactions (platelet aggregation). (medscape.com)
This article reviews the role of platelets in inflammation and immune responses, and highlights their interactions with other immune cells, including examples of major functional consequences of these interactions. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Examples of adhesive interactions between platelets (red) and leukocytes (blue). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Adhesive interactions between activated platelets and neutrophils. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
B) Platelet (red)‐neutrophil (green/blue) interactions in suspension after platelet activation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that platelets have the pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several poor prognostic mediacal conditions like inflammation and cancer (10). (peertechzpublications.com)
The platelet-activating factor (PAF) is also an important secretory product of platelets mediating the platelet aggregation, inflammation and anaphylaxis[ 13 ] (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to their role in blood clots, increasing evidence reveals significant roles for platelets in inflammation and immunity. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and aging promote vascular inflammation and endothelial activation [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
If inflammation (redness) is present in the cells on the Pap smear, it means that some white blood cells were seen on your Pap smear. (com.ng)

In APS, the immune system produces abnormal antibodies that rather than attacking bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attack proteins found on the outside of cells in the blood and blood vessels. (endinglines.com)

The initial hemostatic plug, composed primarily of platelets, is stabilized further by a fibrin mesh generated in secondary hemostasis. (medscape.com)
A) Platelets localize to the site of injury, binding to fibrin, and forming a hemostatic plug. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Once activated, platelets have two major mechanisms to recruit additional platelets to the growing hemostatic plug. (medscape.com)
Therefore we suggest that platelets are not only a small participant but may be the conductor or active mediator of this complex regulatory system which has several unrevealed mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets interact with leukocytes through both adhesive mechanisms as well as release of cytokines/chemokines. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Summary Human being islet-engrafted immunodeficient mice treated with alogliptin display improved human being insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation compared to control mice engrafted with the same donor islets. (healthweblognews.info)

Defective N-sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans limits PDGF-BB binding and pericyte recruitment in vascular development. (mdc-berlin.de)

this method is widely used to assess the functional status of platelets. (nature.com)
Selected examples of proinflammatory effects of platelets resulting in functional consequences on leukocytes. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Existence of functional Notch signaling in enucleate platelets remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
Enriched monolayer precursor cell cultures from micro-dissected adult mouse dentate gyrus yield functional granule cell-like neurons. (mdc-berlin.de)
the NSG is an immunodeficient mouse that can be engrafted with functional human being cells and cells for in vivo studies.18 Male NSG mice (8C12 weeks old) received a single intraperitoneal injection of 160 mg/kg STZ (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MI, USA) to induce diabetes (blood glucose 300 mg/dL on two consecutive days). (healthweblognews.info)

PEG-precipitable complexes bind to platelets in a saturation-dependent manner. (jci.org)

This was also seen when preactivated platelets, which cannot undergo further morphological changes, were used, and when platelets were activated in the presence of shape-change inhibitors such as cytochalasin D and vincristine. (nature.com)

This property let platelets arrest bleeding and promote vessel repair. (biomedcentral.com)

It then highlights the crucial role of ectodomain shedding and microvesiculation in the propagation of "platelet storage lesion" which may affect the post-transfusion efficacy of platelet components. (biomedcentral.com)

However, diabetic patients have significantly higher platelet aggregation and activation than non-diabetic patients, including those undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy [ 4 - 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
This suggests that the mechanism of platelet activation in the diabetic state has not been fully elucidated. (aging-us.com)
Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
Platelet activation means their aggregation, sludge formation, furthermore the release of the for-mentioned biologically very powerful factors, which can locally amplify and deepen the tissue specific cell reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Stehbens and Biscoe, 1967 ), platelet shape change was, and still is, generally regarded to be the initial stage of platelet activation. (nature.com)
Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)

For the reduction of atherosclerotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death) in patients with atherosclerosis documented by recent stroke, recent myocardial infarction, or established peripheral arterial disease. (itopmeds.com)
The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)

We have purified bitiscetin from Bitis arietans venom and investigated the mechanism whereby it promotes a form of vWF that is reactive with platelets. (ashpublications.org)

Thus, the release reaction and prostaglandin synthesis act to consolidate the initial hemostatic plug by promoting the participation of other platelets in the growing hemostatic plug. (medscape.com)

that critically influences cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis ( Miele and Osborne, 1999 ). (elifesciences.org)
Percent human being beta cell proliferation in islet grafts from vehicle control (n=6 total, 2 per islet donor) and alogliptin-treated (n=6 total) mice. (healthweblognews.info)
The percentage of insulin+BrdU+ cells in human being islet grafts from alogliptin-treated mice was approximately 10-fold more than from vehicle control mice, consistent with a significant increase in human being beta cell proliferation. (healthweblognews.info)
The goal of this study was to make use of STZ-induced diabetic NSG mice transplanted with human being pancreatic islets to determine the ability of alogliptin to enhance human being beta cell function and proliferation. (healthweblognews.info)

Platelets typically circulate in the bloodstream for 7-10 days and their principal function is to survey the inner lining of blood vessels to detect and seal any breaches in the vasculature by the creation of thrombi. (biomedcentral.com)

We conclude that platelet aggregation occurs independently of shape change and that shape change is not necessarily followed by aggregation. (nature.com)
This is a common condition of the cells of the cervix and often occurs when the HPV wart virus is present. (com.ng)
This change in the cells of the cervix often occurs from cervical cap or diaphragm use or from infection. (com.ng)

From this pool, 24 distinct heterodimer combinations have been observed in vivo that confer cell-to-cell and cell-to-ligand specificity relevant to the host cell and the environment in which it functions [ 2 ]. (thno.org)

Platelets also adhere to endothelial cells and help capture flowing leukocytes from the circulation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells. (embl.de)
The release of soluble tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from its membrane-bound precursor is one of the most intensively studied shedding events because this inflammatory cytokine is so physiologically important. (embl.de)

Modification of the cell surface in this way can alter the cell's responsiveness to its environment and release potent soluble regulatory factors. (embl.de)
Inactivation of the gene in mouse cells caused a marked decrease in soluble TNF-alpha production. (embl.de)

A structural classification of the variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome. (wroc.pl)
AGUS can occur with infections or with a change in the cells on the surface of your cervix or in the canal of your cervix. (com.ng)

Atherosclerosis is a diffuse, degenerative disease of the arteries that results in the formation of plaques composed of necrotic cells, lipids, and cholesterol crystals. (medscape.com)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)

Controlling these factors reduces the risk of acute vascular complications and death from CVD [ 1 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The platelets arise from the fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in blood as disc-shaped anucleate particles for 7-10 days. (medscape.com)
Notch signaling dictates cell fate decisions in mammalian cells including megakaryocytes. (elifesciences.org)

These observations suggest an alternative role for platelet shape change of single platelets. (nature.com)
EAP I is associated with the sperm membrane and may play a role in sperm maturation. (embl.de)
To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)

Anatomy29

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Phenomena and Processes46

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Thrombosis11

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Changes in platelet1

Modulate1

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