Variations androgen disorders of sex development. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, it remains unclear whether in the US population circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones vary by race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
Researchers have determined that this form of hair loss, particularly in men, is related to hormones called androgens, specifically an androgen called dihydrotestosterone (DHT). (medlineplus.gov)
Skeletal maturation is regulated by genetic, nutritional, and hormonal factors 7) and hormones including growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), cortisol, estrogen, and androgens are known to influence the process 7 8 9) . (e-apem.org)
Two biological factors are important for understanding sex differences: sex hormones and sex chromosome effects ( McCarthy and Arnold, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. (nature.com)
Although these actions of gonadal hormones are well supported, the possibility that sex chromosomes similarly influence HPA activity is unexplored. (nature.com)
Moreover, questions remain regarding sex differences in the activity of the HPA axis following chronic stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
We primarily outline what is known about how gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes modulate HPA axis activity following acute stress, and then focus on sex-biased HPA axis activity post-chronic stress, which is far less well understood. (nature.com)
The use of female sex hormones, both estrogens and progestogens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. (rxlist.com)
Several reports suggest an association between intrauterine exposure to female sex hormones and congenital anomalies, including congenital heart defects and limb reduction defects. (rxlist.com)
13-16 One case control study 16 estimated a 4.7 fold increased risk of limb reduction defects in infants exposed in utero to sex hormones (oral contraceptives, hormone withdrawal tests for pregnancy, or attempted treatment for threatened abortion). (rxlist.com)
This chapter describes the different parts of the female reproductive system: the organs involved in the process of reproduction, hormones that regulate a woman's body, the menstrual cycle, ovulation and pregnancy, the female's role in genetic division, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases and other diseases and disorders. (wikibooks.org)
And both systems experience maturation of their reproductive organs, which become functional during puberty as a result of the gonads secreting sex hormones. (wikibooks.org)
And here's something not mentioned in the article (no doubt due to lack of research and information): besides intersexed conditions, the same hormones (androgens) that cause CAH and PCOS sometimes "produce" transmen and FTMs. (thestranger.com)
Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. (mdpi.com)
Sex hormones in the body are believed to be the most significant underlying factor behind male pattern hair loss. (healthline.com)
It and DHT are androgens, or hormones that contribute to male sex characteristics when you go through puberty. (healthline.com)
Androgen receptors are proteins that allow hormones like testosterone and DHT to bind to them. (healthline.com)
Estrogens, like other sex hormones, are derived from cholesterol. (precisionnutrition.com)
Bound hormones are attached to something else, e.g. a transport protein such as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). (precisionnutrition.com)
This book seeks to present the latest in research and clinical care addressing neuroimaging, the interaction between hormones, brain development, and neurodevelopmental progression. (ndcforchildren.com)
This so-called 2D:4D digit ratio is believed to point to a higher exposure to "male" hormones (androgens) in the womb. (crossdreamers.com)
The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
Sex hormones may further amplify this hyperimmune response to infection in susceptible persons, tions (Table) (7,8). (cdc.gov)
Sex Hormones Had Mediation in the Connection Between Certain Blood Routine Parameters and Bone Loss. (cdc.gov)
Female sex hormones and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea in European women of a population-based cohort. (cdc.gov)
Sex Hormones and Risk of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Mendelian Randomization Study. (cdc.gov)

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a difference in sex development involving hormonal resistance due to androgen receptor dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
The insensitivity to androgens is therefore clinically significant only when it occurs in genetic males, (i.e. individuals with a Y-chromosome, or more specifically, an SRY gene). (wikipedia.org)
mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia are those of a typical male, and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia are partially, but not fully, masculinized. (wikipedia.org)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is the largest single entity that leads to 46,XY undermasculinized genitalia. (wikipedia.org)
1 This newer classification incorporates a wide range of conditions, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CAH ), ovotesticular DSD , androgen insensitivity syndrome ( AIS ). (pediatricurologybook.com)
This is a case report of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and literature review of preoperative diagnostic methods. (bvsalud.org)
We present a 3 years and 6 months old child with female phenotype, born in São Paulo, Brazil which was diagnosed intraoperatively with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, during inguinal hernia repair and present potential diagnostic alternatives that we consider viable options in order to avoid this kind of surprise during surgery. (bvsalud.org)
To report a case of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS). (bvsalud.org)
The main clinical presentation of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) in childhood is the presence of bilateral inguinal hernia. (bvsalud.org)
AIMS To study the value of assessing serum concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in patients with male undermasculinisation not caused by androgen insensitivity. (bmj.com)
We have recently reported the results of these investigations in cases of confirmed androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). (bmj.com)
At the NIH, fellows will participate in the consult service and assist in the gynecologic care and research for studies in McCune-Albright, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Turner syndrome, Mullerian agenesis (MRKH), fertility preservation and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). (nih.gov)
0.9 cm) with androgen therapy suggests androgen insensitivity. (medscape.com)
Quigley CA. Editorial: The postnatal gonadotropin and sex steroid surge - Insights from the androgen insensitivity syndrome. (medscape.com)

To address this, concentrations of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, androstanediol glucuronide (a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone) and estradiol were measured in stored serum specimens from men selected for the 1/3 subsample where organochlorine pesticide levels were determined. (cdc.gov)
The androgen testosterone (17ß-hydroxyandrostenone) has a molecular weight of 288 daltons. (cdc.gov)
Testosterone promotes the development of the secondary sex characteristics in men and serves to maintain the function of the prostate and seminal vesicles. (cdc.gov)
Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for testosterone and estradiol. (cdc.gov)
In nonhuman species, testosterone is known to have permanent organizing effects early in life that predict later expression of sex differences in brain and behavior. (jneurosci.org)
In human males, we show that variation in fetal testosterone (FT) predicts later local gray matter volume of specific brain regions in a direction that is congruent with sexual dimorphism observed in a large independent sample of age-matched males and females from the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository. (jneurosci.org)
Testosterone is the primary endogenous androgen. (theodora.com)
CAIS is caused by several mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) that result in a suppressed response of target cells to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Testosterone is your key male sex hormone that regulates fertility. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
If a man has low testosterone or hypogonadism, he may experience: Reduced sex drive erectile dysfunction low sperm count enlarged or swollen breast tissue. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of testosterone, a natural hormone that promotes muscle growth. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
Diagnostic schemata recommend karyotype, pelvic ultrasound scan, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, gonadotrophin concentrations, and androgen receptor binding in genital skin fibroblasts. (bmj.com)
Testosterone is the most abundant and active androgen in the male body. (healthline.com)
In fact, as the diagram below shows, the early stages of synthesizing estradiol and testosterone (and other androgens) are exactly the same! (precisionnutrition.com)
These are synthetic substances similar to the male sex hormone testosterone. (nih.gov)
The impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on anxiety disorders in 47, XXY (KS). (ndcforchildren.com)
Bin-Abbas B, Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and micropenis: effect of testosterone treatment on adult penile size why sex reversal is not indicated. (medscape.com)
Titan steroids, also known as anabolic steroids, are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. (2014davidsonfellows.com)
These reproductive glands-the testes in males and the ovaries in females, and, to a lesser extent, the suprarenal (adrenal) glands -secrete androgens (including testosterone) and estrogens. (medscape.com)

Disorders/differences of sex development ( DSD , also referred to as intersex) are congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal or phenotypic sex are different from what is seen as typically male or female. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Additionally, they support the possibility that sex biases result from sex chromosomal effects, although supporting evidence is currently limited [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
Огляд хромосомних аномалій Chromosomal anomalies cause various disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Діагностика Chromosomal anomalies cause various disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
The first book on X & Y Chromosomal Variations from Carole Samango-Sprouse and Andrea Gropman, two world renowned researchers. (ndcforchildren.com)
The Focus Foundation: The Focus Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that was founded in 2005 by Dr. Carole Samango-Sprouse, is the first and only research-based agency dedicated to identifying and helping children who have X & Y Chromosomal Variations, rare genetic disorders, Dyslexia, and/or Developmental Dyspraxia. (ndcforchildren.com)
A karyotype is recommended to confirm chromosomal sex. (medscape.com)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is an androgen. (healthline.com)

Sex chromosomes also exert an important additional influence on sexual differentiation. (jneurosci.org)
Anomalies that affect autosomes (the 22 paired chromosomes that are alike in males and females) are more common than those that affect sex chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Огляд статевих хромосомних аномалій Sex chromosome anomalies may involve aneuploidy, partial deletions or duplications of sex chromosomes, or mosaicism. (msdmanuals.com)

A great proportion of 46,XY is caused by mutations in key transcription factors required for sex differentiation and androgen biosynthesis or action [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recognised causes of male undermasculinisation include gonadotrophin deficiency or resistance as well as a defect in androgen biosynthesis or action. (bmj.com)

Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to DHT and other androgens. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that variations in the AR gene result in androgen receptors that are more easily stimulated by androgens than normal, leading to increased activity of the receptors in hair follicles. (medlineplus.gov)
The molecular structure of titan steroids allows them to bind to specific receptors inside cells, including androgen receptors. (2014davidsonfellows.com)

A healthy sex life plays a vital role in building up a healthy and long-lasting relationship. (carforums.com)
Dr. O'Keefe belongs to the minority that believes that erotic fantasies of this kind are pretty normal and can be integrated into a healthy sex life. (crossdreamers.com)

This unresponsiveness can impair or prevent the development of male genitals, as well as impairing or preventing the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. (wikipedia.org)
Androgens are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
They also may cause puberty to start and can help some boys who have a genetic disorder to grow more. (azseasonsmagazines.com)
High levels of DHT can increase your risk for certain conditions, but having too little DHT can also cause problems in your sexual development as you go through puberty . (healthline.com)
Low DHT may cause delays in the onset of puberty for all sexes. (healthline.com)
The Testes: Disorders of Sexual Differentiation and Puberty in the Male. (medscape.com)

The human androgen receptor (AR) is a protein encoded by a gene located on the proximal long arm of the X chromosome (locus Xq11-Xq12). (wikipedia.org)
It is a rare recessive genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome that results in different mutations in the androgen receptor. (bvsalud.org)
Sex chromosome anomalies are. (msdmanuals.com)
We encourage all chromosome variations to sign up for both the specialist consultations and the educational conference. (ndcforchildren.com)

no method is currently available to correct the malfunctioning androgen receptor proteins produced by AR gene mutations. (wikipedia.org)
However, scientific studies have confirmed only that variations in one gene, the AR gene, are involved in this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
The AR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
4 However, most cases of male undermasculinisation do not have molecular abnormalities in the androgen receptor gene or abnormalities in androgen receptor binding, and therefore remain undiagnosed. (bmj.com)
Some people are more susceptible to these effects of DHT on scalp hair based on variations in their androgen receptor (AR) gene. (healthline.com)
But variations in the AR gene can increase androgen receptivity in your scalp follicles, making you more likely to experience male pattern hair loss. (healthline.com)
Comprehensive identification of pathogenic gene variants in patients with neuroendocrine disorders. (espeyearbook.org)
Most single gene disorders can be investigated by prenatal diagnosis using DNA extracted from cells obtained from amniocentesis at 16-18 weeks' gestation or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) at about 10-12 weeks' gestation. (dorak.info)
In single gene disorders (as opposed to multifactorial-complex disorders), the mutation's population frequency is low, its penetrance is high, and the contribution of environment is lower with notable exceptions of PKU and few others. (dorak.info)
14 Also, critical research from brains of people with autism compared to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show that while gene are expressed similarly, the tiniest differences lead to different outcomes. (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Turning to analyses of gene function across these overlapping genes, these three disorders also showed similar impact of synaptic genes and those affecting the central nervous immune system 13 . (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Length Varies and Affects Semen Quality in an Ethnic-Specific Fashion in Young Men from Russia. (cdc.gov)
Small Indels in the Androgen Receptor Gene: Phenotype Implications and Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. (medscape.com)

Endogenous estrogens are largely responsible for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. (theodora.com)

Thus, a major gap remains in understanding the mechanisms contributing to sex differences in the human brain. (jneurosci.org)
The present review examines what is currently known about sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, as well as outstanding questions regarding this sex bias. (nature.com)
Although it primarily focuses on the rodent literature, a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis is also included. (nature.com)
Strikingly, women are at twice the risk of men for developing many of these diseases, likely due to sex differences in the function and regulation of the HPA axis [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
Thus, understanding the nature and causes of such sex differences in the HPA axis following stress has important implications for understanding sex-biased risk for disease. (nature.com)
Much of what is known about sex differences in the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis and their underlying mechanisms comes from studies done in rodents. (nature.com)
The present review accordingly focuses on advances revealed from rodent studies in our understanding of sex differences in the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis in adulthood. (nature.com)
We conclude with a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis with the caveat that they are less pronounced than in rodents and are largely dependent on the stress modality. (nature.com)
Advocates for Informed Choice is a non-profit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex conditions or differences of sex development, like the ones in this story. (scienceblogs.com)
With the exception of body height and sex organs practically all differences between men and women are less significant than this. (crossdreamers.com)

It has been proposed that racial/ethnic variation in prostate cancer incidence may be, in part, due to racial/ethnic variation in sex steroid hormone levels. (cdc.gov)
The pleiotropic harmful effects of EDCs act through hormone-dependent downstream signaling pathways responsible for gonad development either through direct interaction with steroid hormone receptor or via epigenetic regulation. (intechopen.com)

Male undermasculinisation is a disorder of sexual differentiation characterised by incompletely masculinised external genitalia in an individual with XY karyotype, bilateral testes, and male internal genital tracts. (bmj.com)

Endogenous androgens are C-19 steroids with a side chain at C-17, and with two angular methyl groups. (theodora.com)
Anabolic-androgenic steroids , often shortened to "anabolic steroids," "steroids," or "androgens," 2,3 are the most widely misused APED. (nih.gov)
The specific variations in the structure, such as the presence of different functional groups or substitutions, contribute to the diversity of titan steroids available in the market. (2014davidsonfellows.com)
These variations in metabolism contribute to the different durations of action associated with various titan steroids. (2014davidsonfellows.com)

However, genetic factors are also clearly involved in the development of some types of melanocytic nevi. (medscape.com)
These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
First, looking at the genetic profile of brain tissue obtained from the cortex of individuals affected by ASD, schizophrenia, bipolar depression and major depressive disorder, scientists revealed overlap in genetic expression. (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Another landmark study included genetic information over 1 million people worldwide, including those with 17 different psychiatric (such as autism) and neurological (like Parkinson's Disease) disorders. (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Psychiatric disorders were more similar to each other in genetic profiles than they were to neurological disorders, and while autism showed distinct genetic features, it overlapped with schizophrenia 16 . (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Her point is that variations in gender identity and the intensity of alternative gender experiences may be the end result of an interaction between various factors -- genetic, hormonal, psychological and cultural. (crossdreamers.com)
While the basic neuroanatomy of these connections is well-established, much remains unknown about how information is processed within innate circuits and how genetic hierarchies regulate development and function of these circuits. (frontiersin.org)
Similar to other tumors, the risk factors for the development of meningiomas can be divided into those with clearly defined genetic etiology and those that are attributed to environmental and other nongenetic factors. (medscape.com)
Genetic factors are important in the development of be induced by injecting mice with heart proteins mixed with autoimmune disease, since such diseases develop in cer- adjuvant(s), which indicates that an active infection is not tain strains of mice (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus or necessary for the development of autoimmune disease. (cdc.gov)

They are the same in that most of the reproductive organs of both sexes develop from similar embryonic tissue, meaning they are homologous. (wikibooks.org)
Both systems have gonads that produce (sperm and egg or ovum) and sex organs. (wikibooks.org)
In short, this is a known list of sex organs that evolve from the same tissues in a human life. (wikibooks.org)

Germ cells do not survive in the testes, leading to decreased sperm and androgens. (msdmanuals.com)

However, too much stimulation of hair follicles by androgens may lead to a shorter growth period, resulting in shorter and thinner strands of hair. (medlineplus.gov)
High levels of androgens, including DHT, can shrink your hair follicles as well as shorten this cycle, causing hair to grow out looking thinner and more brittle, as well as fall out faster. (healthline.com)

The development of women's "eggs" are arrested during fetal development. (wikibooks.org)

She enjoyed having sex as a woman with men but also particularly enjoyed living out her sexual fantasy of being male with a penis. (crossdreamers.com)
The only male she carried out this sex fantasy with was her husband Robert and at the time of penetrating him she said she clearly envisioned herself as a man with a penis, dominant, powerful and aggressive. (crossdreamers.com)
She had found her fantasies during sex, particularly visualisations and kinesthetic imagination, about her having a penis very distressing. (crossdreamers.com)
The penis fantasies that only happened during sex did not diminish but she was quite sure that it had nothing whatsoever to do with her experiencing sex or gender dysphoria or wanting to be a man. (crossdreamers.com)
She commented, however, that, although she imagined having a penis, wearing a strap-on and having sex with women with it, there was still part of her that wanted the sex to be lesbian sex because that was part of what got her excited. (crossdreamers.com)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment, exhibits strikingly sex-biased activity. (nature.com)
Acne is one of the most common multifactorial chronic inflammatory diseases of the pilosebaceous follicles involving androgen induced sebaceous hyperplasia, altered follicular keratinisation, hormonal imbalance, immune hypersensitivity, and bacterial ( Propionibacterium acnes ) colonisation [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Estrogen is often thought of as the "female sex hormone", but in fact it's prevalent in both men and women. (precisionnutrition.com)
Estrogen variations during the menstrual cycle have a minimal effect on fuel utilization. (precisionnutrition.com)

Evidence from young children suggest that there is great overlap in early predictors of anxiety and autism, which may diverge as children get older, forming two separate disorders 8 . (autismsciencefoundation.org)
Mayo clinic offers on 24, an important predictors of diet and development. (myjuicecup.com)
Predictors of Ongoing Androgen Abuse. (medscape.com)

Melanocytes are of neural crest origin, and congenital nevi probably represent an error in the development and migration of these neuroectodermal elements. (medscape.com)
The fellow will learn the diagnosis and management of common problems in pediatric gynecology as well as uncommon and more complex conditions, such as congenital reproductive anomalies and anorectal malformations, variations in sex characteristics (VSC), pediatric and adolescent pelvic masses and gynecologic malignancies, gynecologic disorders in medically complicated children, reproductive endocrinopathies, transgender care, fertility preservation, sexual abuse and vulvar conditions. (nih.gov)

We described a novel NR5A1 variant and demonstrated its adverse effects on the functional integrity of the NR5A1 protein resulting in serious impairment of its modulation of gonadal development. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 ( NR5A1, also known as SF-1 , AD4BP and FTZF1 ) is a key transcription factor that determines gonadal development and regulates coordinates endocrine functions [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Anatomical resources for either male or female development and variations are present in the early weeks of gestation ( Table 2 ) gonadal ridge, Wolffian (mesonephric) and Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts, cloaca and subsequent urogenital sinus, genital tubercle and labioscrotal swellings. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonadal ridge prior to 6 weeks and the infrastructure to support gonad development is further influenced by various genes. (pediatricurologybook.com)
SF-1 and WT-1 have influence over gonadal development and subsequent endocrine communication to the Wolffian (mesonephric-blue) and Müllerian (paramesonephric-orange) ducts. (pediatricurologybook.com)

Duplication of DAX-1 results in XY sex reversal. (pediatricurologybook.com)

Their action is crucial for the development of the brain, which presents different characteristics depending on the sex of individuals. (mdpi.com)
An androgen is a sex hormone that contributes to the development of what are thought of as "male" sex characteristics , such as body hair. (healthline.com)
They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females. (nih.gov)
Anabolic effects refer to the promotion of muscle growth and performance enhancement, while androgenic effects are associated with the development of masculine characteristics, such as facial hair or deepening of the voice. (2014davidsonfellows.com)

It is clear from this figure that if there is a causal relationship between exposure to androgens in the womb and the digit ratio, the effect must be masked in many, otherwise "manly", men. (crossdreamers.com)
Androgen exposure alone cannot explain the existence of all male to female gender variant people. (crossdreamers.com)
Evidence for changes of physiologyin fish as a result of exposure of BPA is global, with some of the most widelyreported effects on sexual development and function. (niagarafallshypnosiscenter.com)
2009). Exposure of pollutants like BPA and other EDCs can also cause variations in behavior of fishesin which includes reduction the capability for avoidance from predators, reducing/eliminating the ability to detect chemical alarm substances released by conspecifics,affecting schooling behavior, influencing feeding behavior, and may changesocial hierarchies within a group (Scott and Sloman, 2004). (niagarafallshypnosiscenter.com)
Pre and postnatal exposure to mercury and sexual development in 9-year-old children in Spain: The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. (cdc.gov)

We also discuss how understanding developmental processes of innate circuit formation may inform behavioral alterations observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, which are characterized by limbic system dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)

Causal relationships between sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors, and osteoporosis in men: A Mendelian randomization study. (cdc.gov)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a clinically extremely heterogeneous neurocutaneous disorder, inherited in autosomal dominant manner. (bvsalud.org)

In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells ( gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum). (wikibooks.org)
A parallel phenomenon is found in the male idea that gay male sex is disturbing, while lesbian sex is OK. (crossdreamers.com)
Chapin RE, Dutton SL, Ross MD, Sumrell BM, Lamb Iv JC (1984) Development of reproductive tract lesions in male F344 rats after treatment with dimethyl methylphosphonate. (springer.com)
Normal growth and variation in male genitalia from birth to maturity. (medscape.com)
A Prospective Two Year Follow Up of 100 Male Androgen Abusers. (medscape.com)

Standard experimental manipulations such as castration, androgen blockage, and transgenic models are obviously unethical in humans. (jneurosci.org)

It does not significantly impair female genital or sexual development. (wikipedia.org)

Figure 1 shows genes responsible for development of the undifferentiated gonad to either a testis or an ovary. (pediatricurologybook.com)

Androgens play a role in female pattern hair loss, but other factors that are not yet known are also involved. (medlineplus.gov)
She was a self-declared bisexual who, apart from having sex with Robert [her husband] and other couples, would also go off to visit female sex workers herself. (crossdreamers.com)
This was generally played out with female sex workers who would be accommodating and compliant with the fantasy to her satisfaction. (crossdreamers.com)
to see what could be done to restore this baby to the normal female appearance which would be compatible with her parents presenting her as a girl, with her eventually becoming somebody's wife, and having normal sexual development, and becoming a mother. (thestranger.com)

Key topics discussed are the brief history of AAS, epidemiology, methods, and patterns of AAS use, androgen physiology and ergogenic effects, side effects of AAS, and clinical uses of AAS (see Box 1). (lww.com)
Clinical variation is great, and many 47,XXY males have normal appearance and intellect. (msdmanuals.com)

Other abnormalities associated with excessive levels of androgen are cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance/insulin resistance and hypertension. (patient.info)
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes/T1D or IDDM), type 2 diabetes (T2D or NIDDM), cardiovascular disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, autism, and schizophrenia are examples. (dorak.info)

In humans, abnormal development of aspects of innate behavior, most prominently circuits that regulate social behavior, appear to underlie disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia that are characterized by inappropriate or altered social interactions. (frontiersin.org)

In physiological concentrations, androgens have no specific effects in women. (cdc.gov)

Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysfunctions in social interactions, communications, restricted interests, and repetitive stereotypic behaviors. (mdpi.com)

It occurs as a result of increased androgen production, increased skin sensitivity to androgens, or both. (patient.info)

A new, broad DSD classification was introduced in 2006 via the "Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders. (pediatricurologybook.com)
2,3,4 In particular, some members of the CAH community identify as having an endocrine disorder, not a DSD /intersex condition. (pediatricurologybook.com)

During early embryonic development, the tela choroidea represents a portion of the pia and, together with the adjacent ependyma, forms the roof of the diencephalon. (medscape.com)

Is a diagnosis of exclusion and thought to be related to disorders in peripheral androgen activity. (patient.info)

Hirsutism is a common disorder affecting between 5% and 10% of women of reproductive age. (patient.info)
Epidemiological investigations have shown increasing evidence of altered development and detrimental effects on reproductive health during the past 50 years associated with endocrine disruptors affecting the HPG axis. (intechopen.com)

In this review, we explore the role of biological sex in the development of the brain and analyze its impact on the predisposition toward and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. (mdpi.com)

Researchers have known for some time that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their family members show increased rates of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (autismsciencefoundation.org)

Additionally, prostate cancer , disorders of insulin resistance (such as diabetes and obesity), and high blood pressure ( hypertension ) have been related to androgenetic alopecia. (medlineplus.gov)

Many studies havebeen conducted to study the effect of BPA on fish physiology, normally onfeatures which relates to growth, development and reproduction (Hutchinson et al. (niagarafallshypnosiscenter.com)

Anatomy7

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Hormones27

Insensitivity14

Testosterone20

Chromosomal7

Dihydrotestosterone1

Chromosomes3

Biosynthesis or action2

Receptors3

Healthy sex life2

Puberty6

Chromosome4

Gene13

Estrogens1

Differences10

Steroid2

Differentiation1

Steroids4

Genetic9

Organs3

Testes1

Hair follicles2

Fetal1

Penis5

Hormonal2

Estrogen2

Predictors3

Congenital2

Gonadal5

Reversal1

Characteristics4

Exposure5

Dysfunction1

Causal1

Autosomal1

Male5

Castration1

Genital1

Genes1

Female4

Clinical2

Cardiovascular2

Abnormal1

Concentrations1

Neurodevelopmental disorders1

Sensitivity1

Intersex2

Embryonic1

Peripheral1

Reproductive2

Diseases1

Autism1

Prostate cancer1

Physiology1