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GasesHeliumChromatography, GasGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryAnesthetics, InhalationHydrogenHydrogen BondingHydrogen PeroxideVapor PressureVolatilizationChromatography, High Pressure LiquidHydrogen SulfideChromatography, AffinityChromatography, GelChromatographyChromatography, Ion ExchangeChromatography, Thin LayerChromatography, LiquidCarrier StatePulmonary Gas ExchangeNoble GasesBlood Gas AnalysisGas PoisoningSteamDrug CarriersMolecular Sequence DataCarrier ProteinsKineticsMolecular WeightMass SpectrometryAmino Acid SequenceMercuryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationChromatography, DEAE-CelluloseWaterElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelSolventsHumidityGas, NaturalAcyl Carrier ProteinHeterozygote DetectionTemperatureOxidation-ReductionCarbon DioxideChromatography, AgaroseModels, MolecularGas GangreneHeterozygoteOxygenHydrogen CyanideAmino AcidsAir Pollutants, OccupationalMustard GasOil and Gas FieldsEscherichia coliMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCattleSubstrate SpecificityReduced Folate Carrier ProteinMercury PoisoningMolecular StructureMutationTime FactorsChromatography, Reverse-PhaseCrystallizationProtein ConformationSpectrophotometry, UltravioletAirSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationAtmosphere Exposure ChambersModels, ChemicalCrystallography, X-RayChromatography, PaperChemistryBinding SitesInhalation ExposureChemical PhenomenaProtein BindingMiosisVolatile Organic CompoundsGasolineBase SequenceBacterial ProteinsCatalaseRecombinant ProteinsOxidantsFumigationAdministration, InhalationExtraction and Processing IndustryEnvironmental MonitoringTandem Mass SpectrometryHot TemperatureCalibrationSolubilityIndicators and ReagentsAtmosphereStereoisomerismDeuterium Exchange MeasurementPeptidesChemical Fractionation
Chloroform vaporsAnalyticalMoleculesMixturesHydrocarbonsSolventsInertNitrogenDiffusionMembraneInorganicCarbonSeparationFlame ionizatiThermalCompoundsChromatographInventionPressureProcessMolecularSeparatorDetectorLiquidColumnsWaterResultsMaterialScientificSeparatePopularityFractionalSignificantProcessesEfficientInstrumentFuelHeatHumanMaterials
Chloroform vapors2
  • Our results showed highly uniform LB films could be transferred onto gold substrates and were highly sensitive to dichloromethane and chloroform vapors with a high response and short recovery time. (researchgate.net)
  • The diffusion of dichloromethane and chloroform vapors into the LB film structure yielded larger responses than other vapors. (researchgate.net)
Analytical1
Molecules9
  • Gerhard Hesse, while a professor at the University of Marburg/Lahn decided to test the prevailing opinion among German chemists that molecules could not be separated in a moving gas stream. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discrimination effect was enhanced by the non-uniform adsorption of gas molecules on the top, side and bottom regions of the resonator. (researchgate.net)
  • Structure-function relationships suggest hydrogen bonding between perylene diimide and the vapor molecules have a significant role on determining the performance of perylene diimide sensing devices. (researchgate.net)
  • The interactions were reversible, purging caused the vapor molecules to escape from the LB films. (researchgate.net)
  • By taking advantage of the facility to deposit metallic nanoparticles on CN X -MWNTs and the high affinity that Ag exhibits to sulfur containing molecules, we have fabricated a carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) gas sensor. (hindawi.com)
  • More specifically, a gas mixture is separated by utilization of the difference in the solubility of gas molecules in the membrane material and of the difference in the diffusion rate of gas molecules in the membrane. (justia.com)
  • Knudsen flow is a flow in which the flowing gas molecules do not collide with each other and which is encountered in a relatively low pressure range. (justia.com)
  • Since 1970, the separation of gases by utilization of a flow arising from the interaction between the pore surfaces of a porous membrane and gas molecules (i.e., anomalous diffusion flow) has been studied. (justia.com)
  • consider that anomalous diffusion flow is a flow arising from the adsorption of gas molecules to the pore surfaces. (justia.com)
Mixtures1
  • are based on the utilization of anomalous diffusion flow as observed chiefly with hydrocarbons, and do not exhibit satisfactorily high separation efficiency for inorganic gas mixtures (e.g., air). (justia.com)
Hydrocarbons2
Solvents1
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile solvents known for their low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and structural tunability and have been shown to minimize hydrogen-induced reduction of silver(I) ions when employed as solvents. (bvsalud.org)
Inert4
  • The mobile phase is usually an inert gas or an unreactive gas such as helium, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • A gas chromatograph is made of a narrow tube, known as the column, through which the vaporized sample passes, carried along by a continuous flow of inert or nonreactive gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • He then built a system that flowed an inert gas through a glass condenser packed with silica gel and collected the eluted fractions. (wikipedia.org)
  • To name just a few, it is used as shield gas in welding and as an inert gas to prevent oxidation in heat treatment processes for metal/titanium production and 3D printing. (ldetek.com)
Nitrogen3
  • He set up a simple glass column filled with starch and successfully separated bromine and iodine using nitrogen as the carrier gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vapor sensors are easily fabricated onto alumina substrates using foils of silver-decorated nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CN X -MWNTs-Ag) as active sensing material. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitrogen-doped MWNTs (CN X -MWNTs) have also been shown to be an excellent approach to overcoming some limitations which exhibit pure carbon nanotube systems in gas sensing applications [ 6 , 18 , 19 ] due to their higher chemical reactivity at the surface. (hindawi.com)
Diffusion4
  • nm), diffusion at the micropore scale (nm), gas seepage at the mesopore (μm) and cleat (mm) scales, and production at scales of meters to kilometers. (acs.org)
  • GAS SEPARATION: PROCESSES : SELECTIVE DIFFUSION OF GASES : Selective diffusion of gases through substantially solid barrier (e.g., semipermeable membrane, etc. (everypatent.com)
  • The separation of gases by means of such homogeneous membranes is based on the so-called solution-diffusion mechanism. (justia.com)
  • Anomalous diffusion flow, when utilized for the separation of a gas mixture, is said to give a higher separation factor than Knudsen flow. (justia.com)
Membrane3
  • An anion exchange membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane through which anions permeate while oxygen or hydrogen are impermeable through the membrane in an electrochemical reaction. (nelhydrogen.com)
  • In recent years, the separation of gases by means of a membrane has attracted much attention because the energy required for the separation is low. (justia.com)
  • For example, Agrawal and Sourirajan reported the separation of gases by means of a reverse osmosis membrane (i.e., cellulose acetate membrane) [J. Appl. (justia.com)
Inorganic1
Carbon4
  • Energy (fossil fuel) and agriculture required for human activities on Earth produce Greenhouse gases (GHG) such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Fluorinated gases mainly Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). (ldetek.com)
  • Carbon dioxide compression refers to the process and progression of pressurizing (compressing) Carbon dioxide (CO2) as a gas. (nelhydrogen.com)
  • Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based sensors are sensitive to a variety of gases such as NH 3 , NO, NO 2 , H 2 , SF 6 , and Cl 2 [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One common disadvantage of carbon nanotubes based gas sensors is the potential interference from relative humidity at room temperature, the slow recovery, and poor selectivity. (hindawi.com)
Separation10
  • Carrier gases are chosen depending upon the application and which help to achieve the best separation in the whole process. (corrosionpedia.com)
  • Silver(I) ions have the propensity of undergoing reduction to form metallic silver within olefin/paraffin separation systems when they are subjected to hydrogen at elevated temperatures. (bvsalud.org)
  • GAS SEPARATION: PROCESSES : SOLID SORPTION : Including reduction of pressure : Plural pressure varying steps (e.g., pressure swing adsorption, etc. (everypatent.com)
  • GAS SEPARATION: APPARATUS : SOLID SORBENT APPARATUS : With control means responsive to sensed condition : Temperature sensing means : Nonrigid support (e.g., hanging electrode, etc. (everypatent.com)
  • The present invention relates to a membranous gas separator which is suitable for use in the separation, adsorption and concentration of gases. (justia.com)
  • Accordingly, the membranes which separate or concentrate gases from their mixture on the basis of this mechanism cannot have both a high permeability coefficient and a high separation factor at the same time. (justia.com)
  • It is known that a relatively high permeability coefficient can be obtained in the separation of a gas mixture by this mechanism. (justia.com)
  • Accordingly, it can be expected that the separation factor will be very low in cases where a mixture of gases having an equal molecular weight or showing a slight difference in molecular weight each other is to be separated. (justia.com)
  • The separation of atmospheric O.sub.2 and N.sub.2 on this principle is not practicable because the theoretical separation factor for these gases is 0.94. (justia.com)
  • However, the methods of gas separation proposed by Agrawal et al. (justia.com)
Flame ionizati1
Thermal1
  • German physical chemist Erika Cremer in 1947 together with Austrian graduate student Fritz Prior developed what could be considered the first gas chromatograph that consisted of a carrier gas, a column packed with silica gel, and a thermal conductivity detector. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds3
  • In preparative chromatography, GC can be used to prepare pure compounds from a mixture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gas chromatography is the process of separating compounds in a mixture by injecting a gaseous or liquid sample into a mobile phase, typically called the carrier gas, and passing the gas through a stationary phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nowadays, the most feasible and widely accepted technique for the analysis of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) in air is gas chromatography (GC) [ 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chromatograph2
Invention1
Pressure2
  • The most important are the type of laser and the setting parameters (i.e. pulse frequency, diameter of the nozzle, distance between the nozzle and the material to be treated by the laser, focal position and length, type and pressure of auxiliary gas) that are necessary to determine the types of processed materials. (springer.com)
  • This type of flow is believed to occur when a gas is allowed to pass through a porous body having a pore diameter less than about one-tenth of the mean free path of the gas molecule at the existing pressure. (justia.com)
Process3
  • As a carrier gas is the main component in gas-liquid chromatography, the choice of this gas depends on the industry or individual performing the process. (corrosionpedia.com)
  • The functional groups involved in NIR (almost exclusively) are those involving the hydrogen atom: C-H, N-H, and O-H. A key advantage that NIR has is the possibility of direct measurement of the sample (6,7) either in situ, or after extraction of the sample from the process in a fast loop or bypass. (biopharminternational.com)
  • The CN X -MWNTs are produced by chemical vapor deposition process and then decorated with 14 nm Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). (hindawi.com)
Molecular1
  • However, it has been theoretically established that the permeability constant of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of the gas molecule. (justia.com)
Separator1
  • Disclosed is a membranous gas separator comprising (a) a porous substrate having an average pore diameter of not greater than 100 .ANG. (justia.com)
Detector1
  • The GC column is located inside an oven where the temperature of the gas can be controlled and the effluent coming off the column is monitored by a suitable detector. (wikipedia.org)
Liquid3
Columns1
Water1
  • Methane (CH4) hydrate growth and dissociation in partially water- and gas-saturated Bentheim sandstone were spatially resolved using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which allows the in situ monitoring of saturation and phase transitions. (acs.org)
Results1
Material1
  • In addition, dimethyl sulfoxide can also be directly used as the raw material or carrier of some drug in the pharmaceutical industry. (chemicalbook.com)
Scientific1
Separate1
  • Martin and another one of their colleagues, Richard Synge, with whom he shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, had noted in an earlier paper that chromatography might also be used to separate gases. (wikipedia.org)
Popularity1
  • The popularity to measure greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) has increased considerably in the last years with the global warming concerns. (ldetek.com)
Fractional1
  • The krypton is one of the most valuable gas as it is produced from fractional distillation of liquefi ed air. (ldetek.com)
Significant1
  • Gas hydrates represent a vast natural resource with a significant energy potential. (acs.org)
Processes1
  • The numerical codes/tools describing processes involved during the dissociation (induced by several methods) for gas production from hydrates are powerful, but they need validation by comparison to empirical data to instill confidence in their predictions. (acs.org)
Efficient1
  • On the other hand, in addition to monitoring multiple pollutants at the same time, electronic nose is one of the most efficient way to eliminate the influences of interfering gas and improve data accuracy (Speller et al. (researchgate.net)
Instrument1
  • N.C. Turner with the Burrell Corporation introduced in 1943 a massive instrument that used a charcoal column and mercury vapors. (wikipedia.org)
Fuel1
  • Gas fuel derived from the digestion of biological waste materials such as sewage, garbage, and crops. (nelhydrogen.com)
Heat2
  • These gases tend to absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth surface resulting to reduce the atmospheric heat loss into space and keeping Earth warmer. (ldetek.com)
  • There have been a variety of attempts to overcome these limitations, such as heat treatment, ultraviolet light irradiation, increasing carrier gas flux, and modification of CNTs with functional groups or other additives [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human1
  • We selected CS 2 as a targeting gas because of its potential hazard to human health. (hindawi.com)
Materials1
  • Nanocomposite materials such as CNTs decorated with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles have been proposed as an active component in gas sensing devices. (hindawi.com)