AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Cytomegalovirus RetinitisGanciclovirCytomegalovirusCytomegalovirus InfectionsRetinitisFoscarnetRetinitis PigmentosaAntiviral AgentsAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsEye Infections, ViralMuromegalovirusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeOrgan TransplantationOrganophosphonatesOrganophosphorus CompoundsInterleukin-10 Receptor alpha SubunitCytosineDrug ImplantsAdministration, OralPhosphonoacetic AcidThymidine KinaseAcyclovirVitreous BodyInjections, IntravenousVisual AcuityHerpesviridae InfectionsCD4 Lymphocyte CountViral LoadAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveTransplantationDNA, ViralCytomegalovirus VaccinesProspective StudiesViremiaChemopreventionKidney TransplantationLung TransplantationProdrugsIntravitreal InjectionsInjectionsTreatment OutcomeLiver TransplantationPhosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)Drug Therapy, CombinationDrug Resistance, ViralTransplantation ImmunologyVirus ReplicationElectroretinographyGenetic TherapyRetrospective StudiesSimplexvirusGraft RejectionViral ProteinsImmediate-Early ProteinsAnti-HIV AgentsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEye ProteinsAntigens, Viral
InfectionCases of cytomegalovirus retinitisTreated with intravenous ganciclovirManagement of cytomegalovirusIntravenousValcyteIntravitreal ganciclovirProphylaxisFoscarnetOralEfficacyCidofovirAIDSInfectiousInfectionsDiseaseEsophagitisPneumoniaNewly diagnosedProdrugTreatmentMedicationTriphosphateRetinal detachmentVaricellaKidneyPatientsHerpes SimplToxicityNeutropeniaEnzymeEsterasesLiverDecreaseSynthesisHerpesviridaeMedicationsResistanceDemonstrateTabletSerologicPatient
Infection26
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals and manifests as a life and sight threatening disease commonly amongst immunocompromised and HIV infected individuals. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Pateints with severe CMV diseases have been treated with a loading dose of IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir in various in a study conducted in 2007 (8).A case of a preterm infant with congenital CMV infection who was treated with oral Valganciclovir and showed a good response has been reported (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Valganciclovir, sold under the brand name Valcyte among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in those with HIV/AIDS or following organ transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Valganciclovir is commonly used for treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (eye infection may cause blindness) in people who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganciclovir is first phosphorylated to ganciclovir monophosphate by a viral thymidine kinase encoded by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) upon infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are the most common etiologies in this age group. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital and Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV) Cytomegalovirus infection may be acquired prenatally or perinatally and is the most common congenital viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After colitis, esophagitis is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • It is used to treat a viral eye infection called cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis for people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (medbroadcast.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a beta variant of the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), a highly prevalent opportunistic pathogen with over 50% of adults infected worldwide by age [ 1. De Matos SB, Meyer R, de Mendonça Lima FW. Cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation: Occurrence, clinical features, and the cutoff for antigenemia in a university hospital in Brazil. Infect Chemother. 2017; 49: 255-261. [ CrossRef ] ">1 ]. (lidsen.com)
  • A herpesvirus infection caused by Cytomegalovirus. (embl.de)
  • Sevirumab has been evaluated in the clinic for the prevention of CMV infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and as adjuvant therapy for CMV retinitis in HIV-infected individuals. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • CMV disease can lead to serious infections in the body, including an infection in the eye , called CMV retinitis , that can cause blindness. (webmd.com)
  • It helps prevent the spread of infection to other areas of the body.Valganciclovir is also used to treat CMV retinitis in people with advanced HIV disease (AIDS). (webmd.com)
  • Valcyte or generic Valganciclovir Hydrochloride is an antiviral drug prescribed for immune suppressed individuals that are unable to fight the cytomegalovirus (CMV), an opportunistic infection that can affect your eyes or internal organs. (discountdrugsfromcanada.com)
  • CMV did not normally manifest any symptoms in healthy people and is now referred to as an indicator infection as many people may not be aware they have HIV until the cytomegalovirus is contracted and diagnosed. (discountdrugsfromcanada.com)
  • In immunocompromised people, infection with CMV can lead to complications such as a condition called CMV retinitis. (discountdrugsfromcanada.com)
  • Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Diseases-and-Disorders/73569/9.2/Cytomegalovirus_Infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Risk of CMV infection post transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a γ-herpes virus and is one of the most common infections encountered post-transplant. (pediagenosis.com)
  • HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, the most common nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, and a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in the brain. (e-cep.org)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is among the most common causes of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss. (e-cep.org)
  • Overview of the management of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. (e-cep.org)
  • Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), which belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is the most common cause of congenital infection, has a prevalence of 0.2%-6%, even in developed countries [ 1 ]. (e-cep.org)
  • Antiviral treatment for congenital CMV infection began with ganciclovir 30 years ago, with oral valganciclovir being the most commonly used [ 3 ]. (e-cep.org)
Cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis2
Treated with intravenous ganciclovir2
  • She was treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2 weeks, intravitreal ganciclovir (twice weekly) for 1 week, and also daily oral valganciclovir as maintenance therapy for 6 months resulted in resolving of retinitis patches and improving her best-visual acuity from hand motions to 20/100. (springeropen.com)
  • Congenital CMV is initially treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2-6 weeks and switched to oral valganciclovir, or with oral valganciclovir for the entire 6-month period. (e-cep.org)
Management of cytomegalovirus1
Intravenous4
  • Studies have shown that Valganciclovir at a dose of 900 mg orally results in blood levels of gancicolvir obtained when a standard dose of 5mg/kg intravenous is administered and is also known to have similar efficacy to intravenous Ganciclovir as induction therapy in HIV associated CMV retinitis (7). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Specific treatment for CMV - intravenous ganciclovir is the treatment of choice for patients with life-threatening disease. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Other agents used include foscarnet, cidofovir and intravenous CMV immune globulin, although these are usually reserved for patients with refractory or ganciclovir resistant disease. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Infants with life-threatening symptoms are recommended to receive 2-6 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir and then switch to oral valganciclovir, and those without life-threatening symptoms are recommended to use oral valganciclovir during the entire 6-month period. (e-cep.org)
Valcyte1
  • However, is known, that valganciclovir, existing, as a mixture of R and S diasteriomers, is the active ingredient in Valcyte, which is used as an antiviral medication given to patients who have a high chance of developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after receiving a heart, kidney, or kidney-pancreas transplant. (ncats.io)
Intravitreal ganciclovir4
Prophylaxis2
  • 1.6 Consider Valganciclovir prophylaxis for at least 3 months after starting treatment for acute allograft rejection if either donor or recipient are CMV positive (D+/R-, D+/R+ or D-/R+) [2C]. (bts.org.uk)
  • Thus, most transplant centres would give CMV prophylaxis to this high-risk group of recipients in the form of oral valganciclovir. (pediagenosis.com)
Foscarnet6
Oral6
  • She was started on oral Valganciclovir (250mg/sqm 12 hourly for 3 weeks and then 125mg/sqm 12 hourly for another 3 weeks) and she responded to same. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • The infant however was treated first with IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir which succeeded in decreasing the viral load successfully (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • In our patient, we used oral Valganciclovir right from the beginning and the patient had a good response to the same. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Thus it can be concluded that oral valganicover is a safe and effective alternative to Ganciclovir to treat cytomegalovirus pneumonia in infants. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Prior clinical research has also focused on intravitreal therapeutics for rapid remission induction of ARN and CMV retinitis and maintenance therapy with oral antiviral agents with high vitreous penetration (i.e. valacyclovir and valganciclovir). (emory.edu)
  • Patients with low viral titres or with reactivation rather than primary disease can be treated with high-dose oral valganciclovir. (pediagenosis.com)
Efficacy2
  • The efficacy of valganiciclovir for prophylactic use in pediatric liver transplant patients was first proved by a a retrospective study carried out in 2004 (8).Valganciclovir has been approved by the FDA only for use of prevention of CMV disease in pediatric patients between the ages 4 months and 16 years with kidney and heart transplants (9). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • In addition, sevirumab failed to demonstrate efficacy in HIV patients with CMV retinitis, possibly because of the immune-privileged nature of the eye. (creativebiolabs.net)
Cidofovir1
AIDS2
Infectious2
  • In addition, with increasing air travel and globalization, several emerging infectious diseases have been recognized as causing ocular disease, including retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Herpesviruses: Cytomegalovirus A number of infectious diseases cause uveitis (see table Infectious Causes of Uveitis). (msdmanuals.com)
Infections4
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus type 5) can cause infections that have a wide range of severity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: To Treat or Not to Treat? (lww.com)
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus infections are among the most common of the newborn in the developed world. (lww.com)
  • Over the past 2 decades, therapies have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics Red Book Committee for the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. (lww.com)
Disease13
  • Valganciclovir is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in people who have received a heart, kidney, or kidney-pancreas transplant and who have a chance of getting CMV disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, valganciclovir works by preventing the spread of CMV disease or slowing the growth of CMV. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Valganciclovir is used for the prevention of CMV disease in people following kidney transplant (4 months to 16 years of age) and heart transplant (1 month to 16 years of age) at high risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. (koreamed.org)
  • Incidence and natural history of cytomegalovirus disease in patients with advanced hu-man immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. (koreamed.org)
  • Severe focal disease, including retinitis, can develop in HIV-infected patients and in organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ganciclovir and other antiviral drugs are used to treat severe disease, particularly retinitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Retinitis is the most common manifestation of CMV disease in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • The drug of choice for prevention of CMV disease in solid-organ transplant patients is valganciclovir. (medscape.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus end-organ-disease (CMV EOD) is still a major cause of debilitating illness in people living with HIV, especially in developing countries. (bjid.org.br)
  • The current therapy for CMV disease is treatment with either ganciclovir or valganciclovir, which are associated with significant toxicity and not approved for use in pregnant women or for congenitally damaged infants. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) in people who have received organ transplants . (webmd.com)
  • This medication helps control CMV retinitis and decrease the risk of blindness.Valganciclovir is not a cure for CMV disease. (webmd.com)
Esophagitis1
Pneumonia1
  • The normal treatment plan for CMV pneumonia is using IV Ganciclovir and immunoglobulins but Valganciclovir can also be administered orally. (pediatriconcall.com)
Newly diagnosed1
Prodrug3
Treatment6
  • Medical treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis. (koreamed.org)
  • Because of the ease of administration, valganciclovir is the recommended treatment of choice for 6 months. (lww.com)
  • The first episode of CMVR has been occurred in the right eye about 2 years ago which complicated with the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after 3 months treatment with valganciclovir and underwent pars planavitrectomy with silicone oil injection. (springeropen.com)
  • After 21 days of treatment, or for people with inactive CMV retinitis, the dose is 900 mg once a day with food. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Valganciclovir is the treatment of choice. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • Some people may have worsening CMV retinitis even with treatment. (webmd.com)
Medication1
  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis can recur in the same or contralateral eye of immunocompetent patients, especially without prophylactic medication. (springeropen.com)
Triphosphate5
  • Human cellular kinases further phosphorylate the molecule to create ganciclovir diphosphate, then ganciclovir triphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • These kinases are present in 10-fold greater concentrations in CMV or herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells compared to uninfected human cells, allowing ganciclovir triphosphate to concentrate in infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganciclovir triphosphate is a competitive inhibitor of deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganciclovir triphosphate serves as a poor substrate for chain elongation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganciclovir must be phosphorylated in order to generate its active metabolite ganciclovir triphosphate. (pediagenosis.com)
Retinal detachment2
  • The right eye had a history of Cytomegalovirus retinitis 2 years ago that complicated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (springeropen.com)
  • in 1971, acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a syndrome of acute Panuveitis with retinal periarteritis progressing to diffuse necrotizing retinitis and retinal detachment (RD) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Varicella2
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, along with herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and others. (medscape.com)
  • Based on the PCR results, 16 cases (69.6%) had Varicella zoster virus, 3 cases (13%) had Cytomegalovirus, 1 patient (4.3%) had Herpes simplex virus associated ARN, and 1 case (4.3%) had negative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Kidney3
  • People with kidney problems could have an increase in both mycophenolate mofetil and ganciclovir concentrations when both drugs are taken together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Valganciclovir is eliminated as ganciclovir in the urine, with a half-life of about 4 hours in people with normal kidney function. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you have reduced kidney function, you may require a lower dose of valganciclovir, as recommended by your doctor. (medbroadcast.com)
Patients3
Herpes Simpl1
Toxicity1
Neutropenia2
  • These include: Blood toxicities: neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia Impairment of fertility (based on animal studies only) Fetal toxicities (based on animal studies only) Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis (based on animal studies only) While not studied in people, it can be assumed that interactions will be similar as those with ganciclovir, since valganciclovir is converted into ganciclovir in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zidovudine may decrease the concentration of ganciclovir, and together the drugs can cause anemia and neutropenia. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme3
Esterases1
  • The L-valyl ester is cleaved by esterases in the intestines and the liver, leaving ganciclovir to be absorbed by the virus-infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
Liver3
  • Valganciclovir is the L-valyl ester of ganciclovir and works when broken down into ganciclovir by the intestine and liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today, Alice's child is battling with Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the largest of the herpes viruses that causes a wide range of diseases that affect the eyes, food pipe (esophagus), liver and the brain in people with low immunity. (monitor.co.ug)
  • Valganciclovir is a pro-drug which is converted in the liver to ganciclovir. (pediagenosis.com)
Decrease1
  • Ganciclovir can decrease bone marrow function. (webmd.com)
Synthesis1
  • The synthesis of valganciclovir has been reviewed. (wikipedia.org)
Herpesviridae2
  • Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). (medscape.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. (medscape.com)
Medications1
  • Valganciclovir belongs to a group of medications known as antivirals. (medbroadcast.com)
Resistance1
  • Specifically, they have previously assessed the utility of qualitative and quantitative PCR, as well as ganciclovir-resistance testing in the management of CMV retinitis. (emory.edu)
Demonstrate1
  • Studies utilizing ganciclovir and valganciclovir demonstrate improved hearing and Bailey Developmental scores. (lww.com)
Tablet1
  • Each pink, oval, biconvex, film-coated tablet, engraved 'H' on one side and '96' on the other contains 450 mg of valganciclovir. (medbroadcast.com)
Serologic1
  • Macular edema and subretinal fluid continued after the vitrectomy and the serologic testing revealed an IgG titer positive for cytomegalovirus, therefore, an intravitreal injection of ganciclovir was given. (koreamed.org)
Patient2