Vaccination human virus avian influenza influenza human. Medical search. Frequent questions

A H5N1 vaccine is an influenza vaccine intended to provide immunization to influenza A virus subtype H5N1. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccines have been formulated against several of the avian H5N1 influenza varieties. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccination of poultry against the H5N1 epizootic is widespread in certain countries. (wikipedia.org)
Some vaccines also exist for use in humans, and others are in testing, but none have been made available to civilian populations, however production could be scaled up to quantities sufficient to protect much of the Earth's population in the event of an H5N1 pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Audenz, an adjuvanted influenza A (H5N1) monovalent vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Audenz is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by the influenza A virus H5N1 subtype contained in the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Audenz is approved for use in persons six months of age and older at increased risk of exposure to the influenza A virus H5N1 subtype contained in the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Some older, egg-based H5N1 vaccines for humans that have been licensed are: Sanofi Pasteur's vaccine approved by the United States in April 2007, GlaxoSmithKline's vaccine Prepandrix approved by the European Union in May 2008, with reactive AS03 (containing squalene) adjuvant. (wikipedia.org)
H5N1 continually mutates, meaning vaccines based on current samples of avian H5N1 cannot be depended upon to work in the case of a future pandemic of H5N1. (wikipedia.org)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The birds could then fight the H5N1 strain of virus. (chinadaily.com.cn)
It is back and the worse news is that a mutant strain has been detected of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. (pravda.ru)
H5N1 has an average mortality rate of 58% in humans, making it a highly pathogenic disease. (pravda.ru)
This does not mean, however, that a human version of H5N1 would have the same highly pathogenic characteristics of the strain which is essentially Avian or Bird Flu. (pravda.ru)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses such as H5N1 are capable of causing up to 100% mortality in chicken flocks. (agrifutures.com.au)
In 2011, H9N2 viruses were observed to be co-circulating and co-infecting the same hosts as H5N1 viruses. (who.int)
In the 2014-2015 winter season, H5N1 was circulating heavily in poultry flocks and caused an unprecedented number of human infections. (who.int)
Surveillance for avian influenza viruses must continue in Egypt to monitor further developments in H5N1 circulation in poultry. (who.int)
En 2011, on a remarqué que les virus H9N2 circulaient en même temps et co-infectaient les mêmes hôtes que les virus H5N1. (who.int)
hivernale 2014-2015, le virus H5N1 a considérablement circulé dans les élevages de volailles, entraînant un nombre d'infections sans précédent chez l'homme. (who.int)
La surveillance des virus de la grippe aviaire doit se poursuivre en Égypte afin de déceler les futures évolutions de la circulation du H5N1 dans les populations de volailles. (who.int)
Since 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has circulated among domestic poultry in Egypt, causing massive economic losses in the poultry production sector (1). (who.int)
However, the H5N1 virus continued to circulate and it became endemic in 2008, which led to genetic drift of the surface immunogenic glycoproteins (4,5). (who.int)
Accordingly, the Egyptian H5N1 viruses diversified into several subclades (classical 2.2.1, 2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.1a and 2.2.1.2), of which at least two subclades co-circulated between 2008 and 2011 (6-8). (who.int)
The subclades of H5N1 viruses in Egypt are antigenically distinct and most vaccines used are no longer antigenically matched (2,9). (who.int)
Egypt reported more laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza virus H5N1 to the World Health Organization (WHO) between 2003 and 2015 than any other country (346 cases), with 116 deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 33.5 % (10). (who.int)
The avian influenza virus (H5N1), in Hong Kong, was the first known instance of the avian influenza virus being transmitted directly from birds to people and causing severe illness and death. (spacedaily.com)
However, in 1997 an avian influenza virus (H5N1) did infect both poultry and a few people in Hong Kong. (spacedaily.com)
The overall risk to human health associated with the ongoing A(H5N1) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry has not changed and remains low at this time. (cdc.gov)
On March 29, 2023, Chile reported its first human infection with HPAI A(H5N1) virus. (cdc.gov)
This is the second human case of A(H5N1) ever reported in South America, which includes a January 2023 case reported by Ecuador ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The virus was identified as having a clade 2.3.4.4b HA and was determined to be the same genotype that has been detected in the majority of wild birds in South America, indicating no evidence for genetic reassortment compared to A(H5N1) viruses predominating in birds in South America. (cdc.gov)
The virus was 99% identical to many viruses identified in A(H5N1) virus-infected wild birds in Chile. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis HA and NA genes showed that they share a common ancestor Qa/HK/G1/97 isolate which had contributed internal genes of H5N1 virus. (scialert.net)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza viruses such as H5N1 or H7N9 have infected people, predominantly in Southeast Asia, but in these cases, the virus has been transmitted directly from infected birds to people, with no onward spread. (feedstuffs.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 infects humans with a high fatality rate and has pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination is the preferred approach for prevention of H5N1 infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used a mouse model pre-exposed to an H1N1 influenza virus and evaluated the protective ability provided by a single dose of DNA vaccines encoding conserved H5N1 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Six weeks later, the mice were immunized with plasmid DNA expressing H5N1 virus NP or M1, or with combination of the two plasmids. (biomedcentral.com)
Six weeks after the vaccination, the mice were challenged with a lethal dose of H5N1 influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The results showed that pre-exposure to H1N1 virus could offer mice partial protection against lethal H5N1 challenge and that single-dose injection with NP DNA or NP + M1 DNAs provided significantly improved protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice pre-exposed to H1N1 virus, as compared with those in unexposed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-existing immunity against seasonal influenza viruses is useful in offering protection against H5N1 infection. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA vaccination may be a quick and effective strategy for persons innaive to influenza A virus during H5N1 pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
Human infection of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus was first reported in Hong Kong in 1997, causing six deaths [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Since then, human cases of H5N1 virus infection have been continually laboratory-confirmed in many countries, with approximately 60% death rate [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Probable limited human-to-human spread of H5N1 subtype virus is believed to have occurred as a result of prolonged and very close contact [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Owing to the universal lack of pre-existing immunity to H5N1 virus in the population, pandemic caused by the virus may outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccines have been proved to be effective in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the virus in clinic trials, but proved to have poor immunogenicity [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Novel strategies, including DNA vaccines, should be developed to cope with the H5N1 influenza virus that may cause potential pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
The memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection could not provide adequate protection, but could alleviate symptoms of influenza H5N1 virus infection [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, a single dose of vaccination with NP, M1 or NP + M1 DNAs from A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1) virus strain was evaluated in mice pre-exposed to A/PR8(H1N1) virus, which showed that DNA vaccination might be a quick and effective strategy against H5N1 infection in individuals innaive to influenza A virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The ELISA method was used to detect the anti-H1N1 IgG Ab titers, while the HI assay to detect HI Ab titers against either H1N1 or H5N1 influenza viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, there is concern that the avian A(H5N1) virus that has infected and killed millions of poultry in many countries will undergo such changes or naturally mutate to make it easily transmissible in humans and hence trigger a pandemic. (health.gov.au)
According to a report in last week's Proceedings of the United States National Academy of Sciences, a new H5N1 virus sublineage in poultry, called Fujian virus, appears to have become the dominant strain of bird flu in parts of Asia. (un.org)
More information on control programmes based on vaccination in countries where the virus is endemic or where there is a high risk of introduction of the virus is needed, they said, calling for more research funding to better understand the epidemiology and genetic changes of the H5N1 virus. (un.org)
The first outbreak of human infection with the avian influenza (H5N1) virus and it was observed in Hong Kong in 1997. (timestechpharma.com)
In fact, the epidemic of H5N1 avian influenza poses a real pandemic threat to a variety of species, including humans. (timestechpharma.com)
This study was conducted to better understand the real infection rate and evaluate the potential risk factors for the zoonotic spread of H5N1 viruses to humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Avian-to -human transmission of avian H5N1 virus remained low. (biomedcentral.com)
In December 2007, a family cluster of 2 individuals infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus was identified in Jiangsu Province, China. (biomedcentral.com)
As the influenza season approaches, health officials remain concerned about the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
So far, however, only one human-to-human transmission of the H5N1 virus (in Thailand) has been documented. (genengnews.com)
Vaccine manufacturers are well-along in developing vaccines to combat the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
The NIAID began a Phase I trial for vaccines combating the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which was isolated from the virus that erupted in Southeast Asia in 2004. (genengnews.com)
So far, the NIH has ordered 8,000 investigational doses based on the H5N1 virus from Sanofi Pasteur , and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has ordered two million doses of bulk vaccine. (genengnews.com)
Here we summarize our findings in animal models in which we demonstrated that vaccination against influenza A/H3N2 virus reduced the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus, otherwise induced by a prior infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus. (blogspot.com)
In animal models, H3N2-vaccination prevents heterosubtypic immunity against H5N1. (blogspot.com)
Der handelsübliche Influenza A-Schnelltest erfasst das H5N1-Vogelgrippevirus nicht. (medscape.com)
0.05 was considered statisti- a few months of the first wave of H5N1 on the changing epizootology of avian cally significant. (who.int)
However, the H5N1 virus continued ians collected 2383 cloacal and 1877 ble 1). (who.int)
Outbreak of avian infl uenza A(H5N1) virus hong-kong/health-environment/article/3126158/ infection in Hong Kong in 1997. (cdc.gov)
The H5N1 influenza virus, known as the avian influenza, is currently circulating in Asia and has appeared in other regions. (bvsalud.org)
The federal government says the H5N1 virus has been found in commercial and backyard birds in 29 states and in wild birds in 34 states since the first cases were detected in late 2021. (medscape.com)
Out of 2500 people exposed to birds infected with H5N1, only this one case of human infection has been confirmed. (medscape.com)
A newly developed influenza vaccine against the H5N1 subunit of the avian influenza virus, which has pandemic potential, has been shown to be highly immunogenic in younger and older adults . (medscape.com)

While there can be some cross-protection against related flu strains, the best protection would be from a vaccine specifically produced for any future pandemic flu virus strain. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccine production capacity: The protective immune response generated by influenza vaccines is largely based on viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens in the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
medical citation needed] As a consequence, the basis of influenza vaccine manufacturing is growing massive quantities of virus in order to have sufficient amounts of these protein antigens to stimulate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
report on assessment of the efficiency of public health-managed large-scale vaccination clinics, referred to as points of dispensing, or PODs, to administer pandemic H1N1 vaccine in densely populated Los Angeles County, California, USA. (cdc.gov)
conducted during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, the inherent difficulty of projecting demand for vaccination, combined with delays and uncertainty around the timing of availability of pandemic H1N1 vaccine, were serious challenges for the vaccination program and for its evaluation. (cdc.gov)
Vaccination against the virus poses a number of challenges, with significant practical and cost issues associated with vaccine deployment. (ed.ac.uk)
Two new clinical trials testing an experimental vaccine to prevent influenza caused by an H7N9 influenza virus are now enrolling volunteers at sites across the United States. (enewspf.com)
The Phase 2 studies, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), will test different dosages of the inactivated influenza vaccine candidate (called 2017 H7N9 IIV) as well as different vaccination schedules. (enewspf.com)
The two clinical trials will test the experimental 2017 H7N9 inactivated influenza vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur, based in Lyon, France, supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. (enewspf.com)
The new version of the vaccine candidate uses an inactivated form of H7N9 influenza virus collected in 2017, to increase the likelihood that the vaccine will provide immunity against a newly-evolved strain of H7N9, which is currently circulating in the wild. (enewspf.com)
During these clinical trials, some participants will receive an adjuvant, called AS03, along with the test vaccine, to confirm that the adjuvant can boost the immune response to the vaccine, as previously shown for other influenza viruses of pandemic potential. (enewspf.com)
The Ministry of Agriculture says its new vaccine can effectively "cut a key link in the transmission chain of the highly pathogenic avian influenza among water fowl. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Using a technique called reverse genetics, scientists at the Key Laboratory of Animal Influenza, affiliated to Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, altered the genome sequence of the virus to construct a vaccine that is believed to be safe to both poultry and mammals. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The vaccine, known as BPL-1357, was developed by experts at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and contains four strains of non-infectious, chemically inactivated avian influenza, thought to be not highly pathogenic. (smithsonianmag.com)
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced on Tuesday that a universal flu vaccine has moved to phase I clinical trials, where scientists will test for human safety and appropriate dosage sizes. (smithsonianmag.com)
With the BPL-1357 vaccine, especially when given intranasally, we are attempting to induce a comprehensive immune response that closely mimics immunity gained following a natural influenza infection," says Matthew Memoli, a NIAID investigator leading the vaccine trial, in a statement. (smithsonianmag.com)
The phase I trials allow researchers to see if the vaccine can induce a wide and durable response against the flu virus in people, per Gizmodo , as opposed to the often incomplete protection offered by traditional vaccines that need to be received every year . (smithsonianmag.com)
The ACIP's Adult Immunization Schedule for influenza vaccine includes information about the recombinant influenza vaccine and addresses the use of this vaccine and the inactivated influenza vaccine in patients with egg allergy. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection against immunized strains. (medscape.com)
Historically, influenza vaccine has had 50-60% efficacy against infection with influenza A viruses and 70% efficacy against influenza B viruses. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccine component recommendations are based on numerous factors, including global influenza virologic and epidemiologic surveillance, genetic and antigenic characterization, antiviral susceptibility, and the availability of candidate vaccine viruses for production. (medscape.com)
In the Northern Hemisphere, all persons aged 6 months or older should receive influenza vaccine annually, by the end of October, if possible. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccination should not be delayed to procure a specific vaccine preparation if an appropriate one is already available. (medscape.com)
For healthy children aged 2-8 years who have no contraindications or precautions, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is an appropriate option. (medscape.com)
The vaccine viral strains recommended by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the 2023-2024 Northern Hemisphere influenza season differ from those from the previous influenza season. (medscape.com)
The antigenic components of the influenza vaccine have been updated for the 2007-2008 season. (canada.ca)
This year, recommendations for routine influenza vaccine receipt have been expanded to include all pregnant women. (canada.ca)
In Canada, two available measures can reduce the impact of influenza: immunoprophylaxis with inactivated (killed-virus) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis or therapy with influenza-specific antiviral drugs. (canada.ca)
Influenza vaccine is administered each year before flu season. (medscape.com)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) makes the final decision about vaccine strains for influenza vaccines to be sold in the United States, based on year-round surveillance conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). (medscape.com)
The premise for this vaccine concept rests on (i) the significance of CD4+ T cell memory space to influenza immunity, (ii) the essential role CD4+ T cells perform in development of neutralizing antibodies, (iii) linked specificity of HA-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes to antibody reactions, (iv) the structural plasticity of HA and (v) an illustration of improved antibody response to a prototype manufactured recombinant H7-HA vaccine. (fabretp.org)
The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Even though the production of influenza vaccines is well established, and the regulatory process allows for rapid strain update or exchange, it takes 4-6 months until a vaccine against a newly emerging subtype is available in sufficient quantities ( 2 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Clark, a veterinarian, says that while a human flu vaccine might help prevent avian flu, the best preventative is caution. (spacedaily.com)
The greater percentage of the population that practices biosecurity, or that receives a human flu vaccine, the less chance we have of avian influenza infecting a person that has human influenza. (spacedaily.com)
We listened to inspiring presentations from eight young researchers on topics ranging from the benefits and harms of the human papillomavirus vaccine to the avian H5 influenza viruses. (aighd.org)
Of 23 influenza A (H1) viruses that were collected during May 21--September 9 (three from Asia, 18 from Latin America, and two from the United States) and analyzed at CDC, 17 (74%) were antigenically similar to A/New Caledonia/20/99, the H1N1 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Of the 19 influenza A (H3) viruses (one from Europe, 12 from Latin America, three from Asia, two from Oceania, and one from the United States) that were characterized, 18 (95%) were antigenically similar to A/Wisconsin/67/2005, the H3N2 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas one (5%) had reduced titers to A/Wisconsin/67/2005. (cdc.gov)
The B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine belongs to the B/Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)
Ten (43%) of the B/Victoria-lineage viruses were similar to B/Ohio/01/2005, the B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas 13 (57%) had reduced titers to B/Ohio. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine administration: What went wrong, and can the pandemic be stopped solely using vaccination? (auburn.edu)
The HA is also the primary target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination, and the HA of virus from this specimen is very closely related (99% identity) to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like pre-pandemic candidate vaccine viruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
L104M, L115Q, V210A) between the HA of the virus from the Chilean case and A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like candidate vaccine, and they are not in major antigenic epitopes strongly suggesting that antibodies elicited by the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like vaccine would be expected to have good cross-reactivity - and therefore protection - against this virus. (cdc.gov)
Collectively, our data demonstrate the potential of LPP-mRNA-G as a promising next-generation rabies vaccine used in human and companion animals. (bvsalud.org)
Although it is necessary to annually update vaccine strains to ensure effective protection against seasonal influenza infection in humans due to the frequent antigenic drift of the virus strains, seasonal human influenza-specific CTLs, mostly targeting conserved internal proteins, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
Currently, there is no licensed H7N9 vaccine available and people infected with H7N9 viruses are only treated therapeutically with neuraminidase inhibitors. (nature.com)
Continued antigenic drift was seen with the A(H3N2) viruses from the previous reference strains (A/California/7/2004 and A/New York/55/2004) and drift was also noted in some of the A(H1N1) strains from the reference/vaccine strain A/New Caledonia/20/99, although very few A(H1N1) viruses were isolated in Australia in 2006. (health.gov.au)
The B viruses isolated were predominately of the B/Victoria-lineage and similar to the reference/vaccine strain B/Malaysia/2506/2004. (health.gov.au)
It is essential during outbreaks that pathogens, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, be isolated from clinical cases and that any changes in the character of the virus be monitored to ensure that vaccine manufacturers are producing vaccines complying with OIE standards which are effective against virus strains in circulation, FAO's Chief Veterinary Officer Joseph Domenech warned. (un.org)
Ebola vaccine trials initiated in 2015 in Guinea and later in Sierra Leone enabled us to conduct ring vaccination of identified contacts during the flare-ups. (who.int)
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has issued a task order under an existing contract to Chiron Corporation of Emeryville, CA, for the production of an investigational vaccine based on an H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus that has infected humans and has the potential to trigger a modern-day pandemic. (influenzavirusnet.com)
Licensure of a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine for persons aged ≥65 years (Fluzone high-dose) and guidance for use-United States, 2010. (netce.com)
Universal Influenza Vaccine Tested Successfully in Humans. (netce.com)
The HHS also let a contract to Sanofi Pasteur to establish and maintain flocks of egg-laying hens to ensure its ability to manufacture pandemic influenza vaccine at full capacity, year-round. (genengnews.com)
In Europe, Sanofi Pasteur is producing avian influenza vaccine candidates for clinical trials in collaboration with the French health authorities, the U.K.'s National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency. (genengnews.com)
It also is the only vaccine manufacturer participating in the EU's collaborative FLUPAN clinical trials against pandemic influenza. (genengnews.com)
then infected ferrets with influenza virus and found that the vaccinated ferrets came down with more severe disease, and had higher viral titres in the lungs, than ferrets who had not received 'appropriate' flu vaccine. (blogspot.com)
Scientists at Scripps Research, University of Chicago and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have identified a new Achilles' heel of influenza virus, making progress in the quest for a universal flu vaccine. (medicalxpress.com)
A vaccine combining centralized ancestral genes from four major influenza strains appears to provide broad protection against the dangerous ailment, according to new research by a team from the Nebraska Center for Virology. (medicalxpress.com)
There is currently no commercially available vaccine against the potential avian flu pandemic, which would be the result of unpredictable virus mutations. (medicoebambino.com)
Using human post\vaccination sera, however, there were no differences in HI titer between A/California/04/2009 and either escape mutant, suggesting that these single mutations were not sufficient to abrogate a protective antibody response to the vaccine. (scapca.org)

medical citation needed] Influenza vaccines used in the United States and around world are manufactured by growing virus in fertilized hens' eggs, a commercial process that has been in place for decades. (wikipedia.org)
However, LPM-workers protected themselves less from AI viruses (AIVs) and had lower acceptance of human or avian influenza vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
This is very different than nearly all other vaccines for influenza or other respiratory viruses, which focus on inducing immunity to a single viral antigen and often do not induce mucosal immunity. (smithsonianmag.com)
Influenza vaccines that can provide long-lasting protection against a wide range of seasonal influenza viruses, as well as those with pandemic potential, would be invaluable public health tools," says NIAID director Anthony S. Fauci in a statement. (smithsonianmag.com)
2 strains of influenza A and 2 of influenza B are included for the quadrivalent flu vaccines. (medscape.com)
Vaccines against seasonal influenza are reformulated annually to contain the most recently circulating strains. (medscape.com)
All vaccines in the United States for the 2023-2024 influenza season are expected to be quadrivalent vaccines. (medscape.com)
Quadrivalent vaccines that included 2 influenza A strains and 2 influenza B strains are available. (medscape.com)
Immune engineering can be applied to development of vaccines against pandemic issues, including avian influenza, as well as other hard targets. (fabretp.org)
Here, in the context of avian H7N9 influenza, we present a novel antigen design strategy combining immunoinformatic and structure modeling systems to harness both T cell and B cell immune mechanisms to produce more effective vaccines. (fabretp.org)
Difficulties to preparedness for an avian H7N9 influenza pandemic Historically, Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate citrate vaccination has been the most effective strategy to control seasonal influenza spread and is the basis for attempts to develop avian influenza vaccines. (fabretp.org)
Any cross-reactive memory space B and T cells would be present at frequencies too low to confer protecting antibody immunity by seasonal vaccination.18 As a consequence, avian influenza vaccines require higher doses than seasonal vaccines or adjuvant formulation to stimulate. (fabretp.org)
The U.S. grappled during the fall with a shortage of vaccines for human influenza. (spacedaily.com)
The new administration invoked the Defense Production Act to make raw materials needed for manufacturing COVID-19 vaccines more available, including vials and syringes, and changed rules to allow retired doctors and nurses to deliver shots, as well as have FEMA to bring in portable vaccination facilities with logistic help by the National Guard. (auburn.edu)
The persistence and clinical consequences of rabies virus (RABV) infection have prompted global efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccines against rabies. (bvsalud.org)
Changes in the virus genetics from mutation or reassortment make it very difficult to anticipate how influenza viruses will spread through a population and whether current vaccines will be suitable for the strains that are circulating, Pirbright announced. (feedstuffs.com)
There are a number of alternate vaccination strategies in current development which may circumvent the need for annual re-vaccination, including new platform technologies such as viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Human infections with avian H7N9 subtype influenza viruses are a major public health concern and vaccines against H7N9 are urgently needed for pandemic preparedness. (nature.com)
In addition, heterologous antibody titers against older H7 subtype viruses of the North American lineage (H7N7, H7N3) and newer H7 subtype viruses of the Eurasian lineage (H7N9) were detected in the animals receiving the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. (nature.com)
Animals receiving two immunizations of the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines were protected from weight loss and fever in the homologous challenge study and had no detectable virus in throat or lung samples. (nature.com)
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the AS03-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccines elicited high levels of homologous and heterologous antibodies and protected against H7N9 virus damage post-challenge. (nature.com)
This is the main reason why seasonal influenza epidemics occur and vaccines need to be regularly updated. (health.gov.au)
A reported change in the bird flu virus comes as no surprise but underscores the need to assess regularly vaccines currently in use for poultry, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said today. (un.org)
OIE Director-General Bernard Vallat and FAO's Chief Veterinary Officer Joseph Domenech warn that with new antigens developing continually in avian influenza viruses, vaccines currently in use for poultry need to be assessed regularly," FAO said in a news release. (un.org)
What is the evidence that influenza vaccines are effective? (lpmhealthcare.com)
Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2022-23 influenza season. (netce.com)
However, currently used seasonal vaccines provide only limited protection against (potentially) pandemic influenza viruses. (blogspot.com)
An age-related increase of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell response was observed in unvaccinated children that was absent in vaccinated children with CF. These findings highlight the importance of the development of vaccines that provide protection against influenza A viruses of all subtypes. (blogspot.com)

On March 29, 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus not previously reported in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
No evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission has been found, and no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been detected outside China, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in persons with acute respiratory illness and relevant exposure history and should contact their state health departments regarding specimen collection and facilitation of confirmatory testing. (cdc.gov)
As of April 29, 2013, China had reported 126 confirmed H7N9 infections in humans, among whom 24 (19%) died ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Chinese public health officials have investigated human contacts of patients with confirmed H7N9. (cdc.gov)
Seasonal influenza A(pH1N1) and influenza B viruses continue to circulate among persons in areas where H7N9 cases have been detected, and the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that rates of influenza-like illness are consistent with expected seasonal levels. (cdc.gov)
Our objective was to assess the clinical severity of human infections with avian influenza A H7N9 virus, which emerged in China in early 2013. (flutrackers.com)
We obtained information about laboratory-confirmed cases of avian influenza A H7N9 virus infection reported as of May 28, 2013, from an integrated database built by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (flutrackers.com)
With assumptions about coverage of the sentinel surveillance network and health-care-seeking behaviour for patients with influenza-like illness associated with influenza A H7N9 virus infection, and pro-rata extrapolation, we estimated that the symptomatic case fatality risk could be between 160 (63?460) and 2800 (1000?9400) per 100 000 symptomatic cases. (flutrackers.com)
H7N9 is an avian (bird) influenza virus first reported in humans in 2013 in China. (enewspf.com)
Since then, six waves of H7N9 infection have occurred in China, resulting in more than 1,500 cumulative human infections, according to the World Health Organization. (enewspf.com)
No human cases of H7N9 influenza have been detected to date in the United States. (enewspf.com)
Concern for an avian H7N9 influenza pandemic In 2013, the 1st instances of human being illness with avian influenza A (H7N9) were reported in mainland China.1,2 Since then, China offers experienced five epidemics of human being illness with H7N9.3,4 Outbreaks typically happen inside a seasonal pattern peaking during January-March and shedding off by end of May. (fabretp.org)
Since March 2013, human infections with a previously undescribed H7N9 virus were observed, which also circulates in domestic birds without causing severe disease ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Since 31 March 2013, the government of China has been notifying the World Health Organization (WHO) of human infections with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, 1 as mandated by the International Health Regulations (2005). (who.int)
H7N2, H7N3, and H7N7) have previously been reported, 3 the current event in China is of historical significance as it is the first time that A(H7N9) viruses have been detected among humans and the first time that a low pathogenic avian influenza virus is being associated with human fatalities. (who.int)
5,6 Here, we describe the age and sex distribution of the human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) to better inform risk assessments and potential next steps. (who.int)
Between 31 March and 16 April 2013, there were 63 reported cases of avian influenza A(H7N9). (who.int)
9 LBMs have been the primary site where avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has been detected in poultry and environmental samples in the affected areas, 9 although age- and sex-specific LBM visit patterns are unknown.Elderly Chinese men are well-known to be hobbyists of "walking" ornamental pet songbirds and take frequent and extended walks with their caged birds, congregating together in parks. (who.int)
In early 2013, an extensive outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in humans occurred in several provinces of southeastern China. (msdmanuals.com)
In early 2013, novel H7N9 influenza viruses emerged in China that caused about 1600 human cases of infection with a high associated case fatality rate. (nature.com)
In 2013, an avian H7N9 virus strain emerged in China that caused hundreds of human infections. (nature.com)
From 2013 to 2017, the H7N9 virus led to annual epidemics. (nature.com)
Human infections with H7N9 viruses occurred each year and the viruses gained virulence markers that potentially enhance the risk for humans and may have increased their spread into the human population, making this virus a notable pandemic threat 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
During the fifth wave of H7N9 epidemics the virus split into two phylogenetically distinct lineages, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta clades 5 . (nature.com)
In addition, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 viruses emerged that featured a polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA) and were lethal for poultry 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
In China, cases of people co-infected with both H7N9 and seasonal influenza virus strains have been reported during the period of overlapping seasonal and H7N9 epidemics 10 . (nature.com)
However, H7N9 is quickly acquiring resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors 13 which is leading to an unreliable public health strategy to combat this virus. (nature.com)
Recent human infections with avian influenza virus revealed that H9N2 is the gene donor for H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that are infecting humans too. (influenzavirusnet.com)

These actions will help protect you against infection with bird flu viruses and will also help to prevent you from spreading bird flu to other people, birds, and animals. (cdc.gov)

Protecting poultry workers from exposure to avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Poultry workers are at risk of becoming infected with these viruses if they are exposed to infected birds or virus-contaminated materials or environments. (cdc.gov)
Critical components of worker protection include educating employers and training poultry workers about occupational exposure to avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Other recommendations for protecting poultry workers include the use of good hygiene and work practices, personal protective clothing and equipment, vaccination for seasonal influenza viruses, antiviral medication, and medical surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Current recommendations for protecting poultry workers from exposure to avian influenza viruses are summarized in this article. (cdc.gov)
Direct or indirect contact with diseased poultry is the primary route of HPAIV infections in humans 3 . (nature.com)
Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (LPMWs) and local community residents (CRs) to face the challenges of LPAI and HPAI is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. (biomedcentral.com)
This was quite different from the avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in Europe and Africa, which occurred mostly in poultry farms where migratory birds played an important role [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene-editing offers a promising route towards permanent disease resistance, which could be passed down through generations, protecting poultry and reducing the risks to humans and wild birds. (ed.ac.uk)
Vaccination is a must for water fowls and poultry farms in Chinese regions at high risk, according to a national tele-conference in bird flu prevention on January 28 in Beijing. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The good news is that to date there is no such evidence, because human-to-human transmission is very rare and is almost always associated to people living together around infected poultry. (pravda.ru)
Although HPAI viruses are of major concern to the poultry industry, it's their potential to infect humans that necessitates rapid control and eradication strategies. (agrifutures.com.au)
ABSTRACT Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry has been conducted since 2009. (who.int)
this included increasing public awareness through the media, culling infected poultry, placing restrictions on the movement of live poultry, and applying biosecurity measures and emergency vaccination (2,3). (who.int)
From these animals the virus can spread to domestic poultry or directly to humans and other mammalian hosts ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
The viruses usually are not a problem in these wild birds, but they can be a problem in domestic poultry. (spacedaily.com)
Worldwide, there are many strains of the avian influenza virus that cause varying degrees of illness in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
The problem develops when those viruses mutate into highly pathogenic viruses and cause severe losses in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
Typically, avian influenza viruses that affect poultry and other birds do not affect people. (spacedaily.com)
The majority of the human cases have happened with people that were closely associated with affected poultry. (spacedaily.com)
When it comes to poultry, however, vaccination is the remedy of last resort. (spacedaily.com)
Regarding avian influenza, the best method of prevention is what is known as biosecurity, or monitoring and controlling disease in the poultry population before it becomes dangerous to humans. (spacedaily.com)
Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
H9N2 viruses circulate widely in the Middle East and are associated with serious disease in poultry. (scialert.net)
Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Human-to-human transmission is limited, most cases are acquired from animals, typically poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Pirbright Institute research teams studying characteristics of influenza virus that may alter disease outcomes in poultry. (feedstuffs.com)
The viruses can infect a wide range of animals, including people and pigs, but the natural reservoir lies in populations of wild aquatic birds such as ducks and gulls, according to an announcement from The Pirbright Institute in the U.K., which is conducting research to better understand avian influenza viruses to help prevent the disease in poultry. (feedstuffs.com)
When LPAI viruses circulate in high-density poultry areas, the viruses can mutate into highly pathogenic strains. (feedstuffs.com)
Avian influenza can be carried vast distances by wild migratory birds and can infect domesticated poultry through direct contact or through contaminated droppings and bodily fluids, Pirbright said. (feedstuffs.com)
This sector describes the taxonomy of viruses, bacteria and fungi involved in various diseases of poultry. (poultrymed.com)
The trained multisectoral national response teams conducted prompt detailed investigations in humans and poultry in line with the "one health" approach. (who.int)
A deadly and highly infectious virus, known as the bird flu or avian influenza has infected millions of poultry bird species around the world. (timestechpharma.com)
Such viruses cause severe diseases and also a lot of poultry and non-poultry birds die due to it. (timestechpharma.com)
It investigated the potential for the zoonotic spread to humans and evaluates the risk factors associated with subclinical infection among poultry workers in Jiangsu, China. (biomedcentral.com)
Poultry from backyard farms were not vaccinated against avian influenza. (biomedcentral.com)
H9N2 is the most common subtype of influenza viruses in Chinese chickens and thus causes great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccination programs. (influenzavirusnet.com)
The crucial role of H9N2 viruses due to the wide host range, adaptation to both poultry and mammals and extensive gene reassortment. (influenzavirusnet.com)
the restrictions on the movement of live Collection of specimens prevalence was significantly higher in poultry, and applying biosecurity meas- Between 1 January 2015 and 31 oropharyngeal swabs (6.2%) than in ures and emergency vaccination ( 2,3 ). (who.int)
In late April, a state prison inmate who worked on a commercial poultry farm in Colorado tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) (see Infographic). (medscape.com)

That changed a few years ago with the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong that later proved to be a form of AI that mutated and spread to cause human disease," he said. (spacedaily.com)
For a more detailed description of how estimates have been determined for the numbers of deaths caused by the 1918 influenza outbreak, see Barry's section in Chapter 1 . (nationalacademies.org)
In addition, an avian H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in an animal shelter in New York that led to one human case 11 . (nature.com)
Although well over 200 million birds have died worldwide from either the virus or preventive culling, there have so far been only 256 human cases, 152 of them fatal, since the current outbreak started in South East Asia in December 2003, and these have been ascribed to contact with infected birds. (un.org)
The outbreak of this virus poses a major risk for these species as they are difficult to contain and thus they increase the chances of the virus to get into people. (timestechpharma.com)
Health experts say an avian flu outbreak would most closely resemble that pandemic. (genengnews.com)
There is a large flock in Pennsylvania, and contingency flocks in remote areas to minimize chances that an avian flu outbreak in the flock would decimate egg production, Matthews says. (genengnews.com)
Several reported studies have attempted to assess the extent of cross\reactivity between antibodies to the 2009 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and recent seasonal influenza viruses, and to earlier H1N1 isolates such as those from the 1918 H1N1 pandemic or the 1976 swine influenza outbreak in New Jersey. (scapca.org)
A col ection of the most up-to-date, cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
This is the worst outbreak of avian influenza since 2015 . (medscape.com)

Mortality associated with the Asian and Hong Kong influenza pandemics was less severe, with the highest mortality rates being in the elderly and people with chronic diseases. (health.gov.au)
Over the years the H9N2 influenza strain caused illness in several children aged nine months to 5 years in Hong Kong with the latest occurring in December 2009. (influenzavirusnet.com)
Humans have no immunity to this strain, which is more virulent than the 1997 version that killed six people in Hong Kong. (genengnews.com)

Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination has been shown to be effective at eradicating HPAI but only when used in combination with serological monitoring to detect field exposure to HPAI through a process called DIVA - differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. (agrifutures.com.au)
Although no new highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections in wild birds have been documented in North Carolina since March, those birds that migrated to other states and Canada during the spring and summer, where HPAI was present, are returning to North Carolina for the winter. (ncwildlife.org)
Wild bird mortalities can occur with HPAI, particularly in species of raptors that prey on waterfowl and in avian scavengers that feed on infected carcasses. (ncwildlife.org)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have severe and often fatal effects on some species of birds such as chickens, Pirbright noted, but some HPAI strains cause mild or no clinical signs of disease in wild birds and domestic waterfowl. (feedstuffs.com)

Infection with a virus of one subtype confers little or no protection against viruses of other subtypes. (canada.ca)
Furthermore, over time, antigenic variation (antigenic drift) within a subtype may be so marked that infection or vaccination with one strain may not induce immunity to distantly related strains of the same subtype. (canada.ca)
Pandemics occur if such a new subtype acquires the ability to infect and transmit in the human population. (frontiersin.org)
Now, medical and veterinary experts believe for a true new pandemic to develop, it would take an entirely new human influenza subtype to emerge, one to which people have never been exposed and to which they would not have immunity. (spacedaily.com)
All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)
Humans are immunologically naive to H7 subtype viruses and possess little to no pre-existing, humoral immunity 12 . (nature.com)
Dr. Richard and her team found subtype-specific secondary RNA structures in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza viruses that might be implicated in the emergence of HPAIV. (erasmusmc.nl)
Human influenza infection has several modes, such as inhalation, direct or indirect contact, ranging from mild to severe or fatal, depending on the subtype of the virus that causes the disease. (timestechpharma.com)

Wild birds can be infected with avian (bird) influenza (flu) A viruses even if they don't look sick. (cdc.gov)
Infected birds shed bird flu virus in their saliva, mucous, and feces. (cdc.gov)
Bird flu virus infections in people happen most often after close, prolonged and unprotected (no gloves or other protective wear) contact with infected birds and then the person touches their mouth, eyes, or nose. (cdc.gov)
People who have job-related contact with birds should be aware of the risk of exposure to bird flu viruses and should take proper precautions. (cdc.gov)
Other groups of people who may have contact with birds infected with bird flu viruses include hunters and people who have backyard or hobbyist flocks . (cdc.gov)
Almost all confirmed cases have been sporadic, with no epidemiologic link to other human cases, and are presumed to have resulted from exposure to infected birds ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)
Certain avian influenza viruses are potential zoonotic disease agents that may be transmitted from infected birds to humans. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
When the ANP32A gene-edited chickens were exposed to a normal dose of the H9N2-UDL strain of avian influenza virus - commonly known as bird flu - nine out of 10 birds remained uninfected and there was no spread to other chickens. (ed.ac.uk)
The research team then exposed the gene-edited birds to an artificially high dose of avian influenza virus to further test their resilience. (ed.ac.uk)
Scientists found that in the ANP32A gene-edited birds, the virus had adapted to enlist the support of two related proteins - ANP32B and ANP32E - to replicate. (ed.ac.uk)
Hundreds of wild birds have died of avian influenza in central Thailand in the past two weeks. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The influenza virus's adaptability to a variety of animals-dogs, horses, seals, birds, among others-means "these viruses are comprised of a broad array of different genotypes of variable and often unpredictable human pathogenicity," the researchers wrote in the September bioRxiv paper. (smithsonianmag.com)
With the exception of bat-associated subtypes ( 4 ), all influenza A virus subtypes can be found in wild aquatic birds, which are their natural reservoir. (frontiersin.org)
Avian Flu: Tangible Threat Or Just For The Birds? (spacedaily.com)
Furthermore, the NA has a full-length stalk which is consistent with viruses that naturally circulate in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Also, this strain of influenza is different from avian influenza that has caused the deaths of birds in the Midwest. (ncagr.gov)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
The risk of human infection is low, but rare instances have occurred due to direct interaction with diseased birds. (ncwildlife.org)
Because of this, there is a year-round risk of avian influenza, which can increase depending on the disease status in a region and the migration season of wild aquatic birds. (feedstuffs.com)
The ancestral hosts for influenza A viruses are aquatic birds, however, it has also been established in some mammals, such as humans and pigs. (health.gov.au)
The main concern among scientists is the unprecedented spread of the virus in wild birds. (timestechpharma.com)
According to reports, the virus is spreading faster among wild birds and they act as carriers for the virus across the world. (timestechpharma.com)
Whether you admire these beautiful birds, are a potential pet owner, or are simply curious about the mysteries of avian life, this article will provide invaluable insights and guidance. (mynextpet.in)
Influenza , commonly referred to as the flu , is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals. (medicalxpress.com)
The virus of influenza type A has as reservoir birds and it is a modified bird flu virus. (medicoebambino.com)
There is an ongoing pandemic of avian flu among birds. (medicoebambino.com)
Avian influenza (flu), which has been transmitted from birds to humans on a limited basis, can be rapidly fatal, with a reported death rate o. (bvsalud.org)
From the first case of H5 avian influenza in humans in the United States to reports of ongoing, widespread disease in birds , the potential of a possible pandemic variant has many keeping a watchful eye on the disease. (medscape.com)

Although influenza B viruses have shown more antigenic stability than influenza A viruses, antigenic variation does occur. (canada.ca)
Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
The research of her team focusses on the understanding of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emergence, their pathogenesis and the development of new vaccination strategies to cope with antigenic diversity in the context of pandemic preparedness. (erasmusmc.nl)
Cloned viruses resistant to HI and antibody neutralization were sequenced to identify mutations, and two unique mutations (D127E and G155E) were identified, both near the antigenic site Sa. (scapca.org)
3 , 4 Because of the importance of antibodies to the virus hemagglutinin (HA) for protection against influenza, the antigenic relationship and relatedness of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus HA to the HA of seasonal influenza viruses circulating in 2009 2009 was of particular significance. (scapca.org)
5 The net result of the two different evolutionary paths was a substantial antigenic divergence between circulating strains of seasonal H1N1 in humans and the swine H1N1 viruses that gave rise to the 2009 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. (scapca.org)

In addition, influenza surveillance systems in China have identified no sign of increased community transmission of this virus. (cdc.gov)
CDC, along with state and local health departments, is continuing epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance for influenza in the United States. (cdc.gov)
We also used information about laboratory-confirmed cases detected through sentinel influenza-like illness surveillance to estimate the symptomatic case fatality risk. (flutrackers.com)
RÉSUMÉ La surveillance des virus de la grippe aviaire dans les populations de volailles égyptiennes est en cours depuis 2009. (who.int)
[ 47 ] Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)
National influenza surveillance is coordinated through the Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division (IRID), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). (canada.ca)
Local influenza surveillance data and laboratory testing can assist the physician regarding antiviral agent choice. (medscape.com)
and 4) a national surveillance system that records pediatric deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. (cdc.gov)
The WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Control of Influenza located at CDC analyzes influenza virus isolates received from laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)
This report provides an analysis of influenza surveillance data in Australia during 2006. (health.gov.au)
Influenza surveillance in Australia is based on laboratory isolation of influenza viruses, sentinel general practitioner reports of influenza-like illness, and absenteeism data from a major national employer. (health.gov.au)
In 2006, 3,130 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, which was one-third lower than in 2005. (health.gov.au)
The two organizations continue to recommend that vaccination control measures need to be accompanied by surveillance and post-vaccination monitoring. (un.org)
Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention is one of the authorized national level influenza surveillance laboratory. (biomedcentral.com)
Since 2006, the highly pathogenic avian and findings from the surveillance have data. (who.int)
virus in 2006, the veterinary authorities influenza viruses in Egypt during 1 year in Egypt implemented a comprehensive of active surveillance in 2015. (who.int)

[ 44 , 45 ] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. (medscape.com)
Oseltamivir is effective for the treatment of influenza A or B. It must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. (medscape.com)
The enzymatic activity of NA is inhibited by one class of antiviral drugs that are FDA-approved for treatment of influenza (i.e. (cdc.gov)
A step forward in the treatment of influenza. (netce.com)

For these reasons, major epidemics of respiratory disease caused by new variants of influenza continue to occur. (canada.ca)
Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)
Influenza spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, resulting in the deaths of between &10000000000250000000000250,000 and &10000000000500000000000500,000 people every year, up to millions in some pandemic years. (medicalxpress.com)

Experts say that additional genetic changes would be needed for the virus to infect and spread effectively in humans. (ed.ac.uk)
In rare instances, mutations in the bird flu virus allow it to infect people and cause serious illness. (ed.ac.uk)
Influenza viruses constantly mutate, and epidemiologists are concerned that the avian influenza virus could infect a person who has a human influenza strain, creating a new mutant flu strain to develop that could spread easily from person to person. (spacedaily.com)
All flu viruses also have the potential to undergo a process called reassortment, where two or more strains of influenza infect the same animal, allowing them to swap parts of their genome, Pirbright said. (feedstuffs.com)
Influenza viruses infect millions of people worldwide and result in ~290,000-650,000 influenza-related deaths each year 1 . (nature.com)
There have been only 106 cases and 54 deaths, worldwide since 1997, which indicates that it hasn't evolved to the point that it readily jumps species to infect humans. (genengnews.com)

In addition to seasonally occurring human infections, zoonotic infections caused by avian influenza A viruses are a major public health concern and pose a pandemic threat. (nature.com)

The reported signs and symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from eye infections (conjunctivitis) to influenza-like illness symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches) to severe respiratory illness (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia) sometimes accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and neurologic changes. (pravda.ru)
Specifically, neuraminidase-a glycoprotein located on the surface of the influenza virus-cleaves the attachment between hemagglutinin on the viral surface and the sialic acid receptor on the host cell membrane, thereby facilitating the release of the virion from the cell. (medscape.com)
Peramivir elicits antiviral activity by inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases viral particles from the plasma membrane of infected cells. (medscape.com)
10 Both human-to-human household and hospital clusters have been explained.11,12 Transmissibility of avian influenza to human beings depends on a balance of activities of the viral surface glycoproteins HA and neuraminidase (NA). (fabretp.org)
Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Viral RNA obtained from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from the patient has been sequenced and genetically analyzed by the National Influenza Centre in Chile (Instituto de Salud Pública) and by the Influenza Division/CDC. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
She then integrated the Viroscience Department for her post-doctoral studies, which have focused on the pathogenesis, virulence and transmissibility of influenza A viruses, with special emphasis on genetic and phenotypic viral factors involved in the emergence of new pandemics. (erasmusmc.nl)
Influenza is an acute self-limiting viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. (health.gov.au)

Elsewhere in Asia, the Cambodian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed on Saturday a 25-year-old woman from Kampot Province, who died of respiratory illness in Viet Nam on January 30, was infected with avian influenza. (chinadaily.com.cn)
In one study, symptomatic illness attributable to influenza decreased from 12% to about 4% with the use of these measures. (medscape.com)
Most of those viruses are classified as "low pathogen" and cause few, if any, signs of illness in fowl. (spacedaily.com)
Since 1997 there have been a few other instances of the avian influenza virus causing illness or death in people. (spacedaily.com)
Reports of influenza-like illness from sentinel general practitioners showed a slow but steady increase throughout the first half of the year to peak in late August. (health.gov.au)
Notice to readers: considerations for distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational anthrax. (netce.com)
Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in the Iraqi population presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)within2015-2017. (flu.org.cn)

However, in the triple\reassortant pandemic 2009 H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus, the and genes had a Eurasian swine origin that had not been previously detected in swine influenza viruses isolated in the United States. (scapca.org)

China has developed and mass-produced shots targeting H9 and H5N2, the less dangerous subtypes of avian influenza," Xu Shixin, a division director of the Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, said yesterday. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

Crossing the species barrier to mammals highlights the pandemic potential of H9N2 virus. (scialert.net)

Aufi IM, Khudhair AM, Ghaeb Al-Saadi L, Almoneem A. Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Iraq . (flu.org.cn)

The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. (medscape.com)
To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. (medscape.com)
Neuraminidase inhibitors are again recommended as the first-line antiviral agents for the prevention of influenza rather than amantadine. (canada.ca)
Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-United States, 2012-13 influenza season. (netce.com)
Without vaccination or drugs, a medium-scale pandemic could affect 15-35% of the U.S. population with an economic impact of $71.3-$166.5 billion, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (genengnews.com)
Nowadays, with the pandemic of corona virus disease 2019, the importance of prevention from other respiratory diseases, such as seasonal influenza, can be a critical step in the health management system. (flu.org.cn)
How effective would antiviral vaccination and antiviral drug prevention and treatment strategies be for reducing the impact of the next influenza pandemic? (bvsalud.org)
Dealing With Avian and Variant Influenza A Infections The CDC's Tim Uyeki, MD, discusses trends in avian influenza A and variant influenza A viruses, as well as guidance on prevention and treatment. (medscape.com)
Risk for Mpox Resurgence Rises With the return of summer festivals, public health experts are renewing calls for mpox vaccination and prevention efforts. (medscape.com)

Relative Mouse monoclonal to CDC2 to seasonal influenza, vaccination against avian influenza poses a unique challenge because the human population is definitely immunologically na?ve.17 Vaccination cannot rely on preferential recruitment of memory space B and T cells to elicit a protective antibody response due to Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate citrate distant sequence relatedness with seasonal influenza. (fabretp.org)
Similarly, single immunization of low-dose LPP-mRNA-G induced high levels of virus-neutralizing antibody titers in dogs. (bvsalud.org)
In most cases, there appears to be some level of 2009 H1N1 pandemic cross\reactive antibody in persons older than 55C60?years of age, corresponding with exposure to H1N1 viruses before the 1957 pandemic. (scapca.org)

Influenza A viruses have predominated overall, with both influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) circulating. (canada.ca)
Seasonal influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 have globally circulated in humans for a few decades. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, 657 influenza isolates from Australia were antigenically analysed: 402 were A(H3N2), 24 were A(H1N1) and 231 were influenza B viruses. (health.gov.au)
To test influenza virus types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B, 1,359 throat and nasal swabs were collected from patients with ILI or SARI. (flu.org.cn)

This is the first human case of avian influenza in Cambodia, according media reports. (chinadaily.com.cn)

Avian influenza , commonly known as 'bird flu,' is a disease caused by multiple strains of influenza virus. (feedstuffs.com)

With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)
A recent expert consultation convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that "the unpredictability of influenza viruses and the speed with which transmissibility can improve means that the time for preparedness planning is now" (WHO, 2004a). (nationalacademies.org)
Building on the achievements of the targeted activities to strengthen Ebola virus disease preparedness in 2014 and 2015, emergency preparedness activities are being implemented in 19 priority countries with support from partners, especially DFID. (who.int)

Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Three subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1, H2 and H3) and two subtypes of neuraminidase (N1 and N2) are recognized among influenza A viruses that have caused widespread human disease. (canada.ca)
The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
Flu virus strains are categorized by the combination of the two proteins found on the outside of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) -- for example, H5N6 or H9N2. (feedstuffs.com)
Funk M, de Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Gultyaev AP, Richard M . In Silico Analyses of the Role of Codon Usage at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Genesis. (erasmusmc.nl)

Clark says that in any given year, the wild waterfowl and shorebird populations have various avian influenza viruses. (spacedaily.com)
Spread to humans was contained by culling domestic bird populations. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza poses a major threat to worldwide public health because of its ability to spread rapidly through populations. (health.gov.au)
Interregional Spread of Influenza through United States Described by Virus Type, Size of Populations and Commuting Rates and Distance. (netce.com)

Since 2003 to 06 Jan 2012, the number of laboratory confirmed human cases of infection with avian influenza in China was 41 and 27 were fatal. (biomedcentral.com)

The H9N2 influenza virus can be transmitted by air droplet, dust, feed, or water. (influenzavirusnet.com)

Person-to-person transmission of influenza virus occurs through droplets from the respiratory tract that are spread by direct contact, through coughing or sneezing, or by hands contaminated with respiratory secretions. (canada.ca)
Influenza A viruses are one of the most important respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
The importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in the Middle East, including Iraq, has been historically overlooked. (flu.org.cn)

Scientists have used gene-editing techniques to identify and change parts of chicken DNA that could limit the spread of the bird flu virus in the animals. (ed.ac.uk)
The gene edit also helped to limit onward spread of the virus to just one of four non-gene-edited chickens placed in the same incubator. (ed.ac.uk)
Our work shows that stopping the spread of avian influenza in chickens will need several simultaneous genetic changes. (ed.ac.uk)
Therefore, it can cut a key link for the highly pathogenic avian influenza to spread," said the ministry statement. (chinadaily.com.cn)
and the FAO fears that the virus circulation in Vietnam could spread the virus to neighbouring countries - the two Koreas, Japan, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia while wild bird migration could spread the virus further afield. (pravda.ru)
Adults spread influenza to others during a period from 1 day before symptom onset to up to 7 days afterwards. (canada.ca)
The major role of the NA is to release new progeny virions from an infected cell by enzymatically cleaving sialic acid receptors, which aids virus spread to uninfected cells within an infected host. (cdc.gov)
The virus is highly contagious and easily spread from infected dogs to other dogs through direct contact, nasal secretions (through coughing and sneezing), contaminated objects (kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes), and people moving between infected and uninfected dogs. (ncagr.gov)
Dr. Patricia Norris, director of the Animal Welfare Section, recommends that boarding and shelter facilities review their current intake, isolation, veterinary care, monitoring and sanitation protocols with their facility veterinarian to be sure they are taking adequate measures to control the spread of this virus. (ncagr.gov)
Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)
Health officials with the NC Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) offer the following recommendations to prevent any potential disease spread while hunting. (ncwildlife.org)
There is some evidence that avian influenza can be passed from person to person, and while there are no records of efficient or sustained human transmission, there is a constant risk that one of the new strains may spread easily among people, which could result in a new influenza virus pandemic, Pirbright said. (feedstuffs.com)
Researchers are emphasizing on controlling the spread of this deadly virus. (timestechpharma.com)
Available at https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/interregional-spread-influenza-through-united-states-described-virus-type-size-population-commuting-rates-distance . (netce.com)
It is easier to spread the influenza virus (flu) than previously thought, according to a new University of Maryland-led study released today. (medicalxpress.com)

6 , 7 , 8 Further, cross\reacting antibodies to the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus appear associated with 1976 swine influenza vaccination, 8 , 9 , 10 consistent with the relatively close genetic relationship between those viruses. (scapca.org)

4 Influenza C is more like the common cold in its effect, being less severe than influenza A or B. 5 Influenza types A and B are responsible for major outbreaks. (health.gov.au)

The antiviral drugs indicated for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza are the neuraminidase inhibitors (ie, oseltamivir and zanamivir). (medscape.com)
Moreover, to date antiviral drugs do not seem to offer an effective protection against this new potential virus. (medicoebambino.com)

Characterisation of the severity profile of human infections with influenza viruses of animal origin is a part of pandemic risk assessment, and an important part of the assessment of disease epidemiology. (flutrackers.com)
This statement contains new information on human and avian influenza epidemiology. (canada.ca)

The majority (92%) of these isolates were tested from mid-May through late June, when 3.6% of specimens tested were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
Of the 26 influenza B isolates collected during May 21--September 9 and characterized at CDC, 23 belonged to the B/Victoria lineage (one from Europe, five from Latin America, six from Asia, and 11 from the United States). (cdc.gov)
The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)

Public health measures are effective in limiting influenza transmission in closed environments. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, we recently hypothesized that annual vaccination may hamper the development of cross-reactive immunity against influenza A viruses of novel subtypes, that would otherwise be induced by natural infection. (blogspot.com)

2016. In Cameroon, there was timely detection and management of avian influenza in May 2016. (who.int)

Typically, 3 virus strains (2 influenza A and 1 influenza B), which antigenically represent the influenza strains likely to circulate the next flu season, are included in the formulation each year. (medscape.com)

This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
De Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RAM, Richard M . Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses. (erasmusmc.nl)

Therefore, further investigation and monitoring is required to prevent this novel reassortant virus from becoming a new threat to public health. (nature.com)
Thus there is a reduction in the threat of a new influenza mutant developing from a combination of the avian and human types and subsequently developing into a pandemic. (spacedaily.com)
While this remains a frightening possibility, most experts believe avian influenza in humans is not a serious threat. (spacedaily.com)
The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
Considerably more attention has been focused on protecting the public from terrorist attacks than from the far more likely and pervasive threat of pandemic influenza-an event conservatively expected to cause between 2 and 8 million deaths (WHO, 2004a). (nationalacademies.org)

Researchers were able to restrict - but not completely block - the virus from infecting chickens by altering a small section of their DNA. (ed.ac.uk)
However, the gene edit did provide some protection, with the amount of virus in the infected gene-edited chickens much lower than the level typically seen during infection in non-gene-edited chickens. (ed.ac.uk)

Seasonal influenza virus infection has been reported to provide heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus infection to some extend. (biomedcentral.com)

The risk of an influenza pandemic, similar to the ones in 1918, 1957 and 1968, exists. (medicoebambino.com)
with the HAs of other influenza viruses including seasonal H1N1 viruses as well as the A/South Carolina/1918 and A/New Jersey/1976 H1N1 viruses. (scapca.org)

She completed her PhD in 2010 in France under the supervision of Prof. Bruno Lina studying the resistance of influenza A viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. (erasmusmc.nl)

The best way to prevent avian (bird) influenza (flu) is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. (cdc.gov)

Close contacts of the patient have been asymptomatic and have tested negative for influenza viruses, indicating that no known human-to-human transmission occurred ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Such is the case with avian influenza, more commonly known as bird flu. (spacedaily.com)

We are interested hearing about morbidity events involving five or more waterbirds or waterfowl, any number of raptors or avian scavengers, like vultures, or any of those species that are observed with clinical signs consistent with neurological impairment, like swimming in circles, head tilt and lack of coordination," stated Sarah Van de Berg, wildlife biologist with the Wildlife Commission. (ncwildlife.org)
Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses cause clinical signs such as mild breathing problems, decreased egg production and growth. (feedstuffs.com)
From the first human cases of the current bird flu strain to preparations for a potential pandemic, avian influenza news garnered great interest this week, becoming the top trending clinical topic. (medscape.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms65

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science5

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Health Care26

Geographicals10

H5N184

Vaccine62

Vaccines29

H7N929

Spreading bird flu1

Poultry41

Outbreak10

Hong Kong3

HPAI6

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Birds31

Antigenic7

Surveillance16

Treatment of influenza4

Epidemics3

Infect6

Zoonotic1

Viral9

Illness7

Swine influenza viruses1

Subtypes of avian influenza2

Pandemic potential1

Characterization1

Prevention10

Antibody3

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Case of avian influenza1

Strains of influenza1

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Hemagglutinin4

Populations4

Infection with avian1

H9N21

Respiratory4

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Genetic1

Outbreaks1

Antiviral drugs2

Epidemiology2

Isolates3

Limiting influenza transmission1

Cross-reactive1

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Highly3

Threat5

Chickens2

Seasonal influenza virus1

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Neuraminidase inhibitors1

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Commonly known as bird flu1

Clinical3