AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Glucose OxidaseGlycosuriaBlood GlucoseEnzymes, ImmobilizedAspergillus nigerGlucoseUrineNADPH OxidaseBiosensing TechniquesGlucose 1-DehydrogenaseHydrogen PeroxideXanthine OxidaseLactoperoxidaseElectrodesAutoanalysisGlucose DehydrogenasesGlucose Tolerance TestPenicilliumD-Amino-Acid OxidaseElectrochemistryMonoamine OxidaseProtein-Lysine 6-OxidaseCatalaseOxidation-ReductionGlucose IntoleranceReagent StripsPeroxidasesKineticsAldehyde OxidasePolarographyIndicators and ReagentsOxidoreductasesFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideFerrocyanidesHorseradish PeroxidaseHexokinaseFlavoproteinsGlucose Transporter Type 1PlatinumMagnesium Silicates
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene mutationBilirubinAscorbic acidXanthine OxidaseSpecimenStripsMonoamine oxidaseRenalReagentSensitivityNitriteBased on the enzymaticKetoneMmolStrip in the urineLactoseOGTTSpecificityFalselyEnzymatic reactionBiosensorsConcentration of glucoseMeasurementBloodBiosensorNormal urineAlkaline urineAbnormalProteinExaminationSwabMetabolicUrobilinogenInsulinGenesHyperglycemiaTestSerumElectrodeDetectableBody'sLactateReducing substancesResultsSugarsPlasmaAnalysesLipasePatientsType 2 diabet
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene mutation2
  • This relatively high prevalence compared with Europe suggests a possible protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene mutation passed down through Jewish ancestry. (medscape.com)
  • However, with early diagnosis of active disease, identification of asymptomatic protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene mutation carriers, and avoidance of drugs and other factors known to induce or worsen clinical expression, symptomatology among those at risk can be minimized. (medscape.com)
Bilirubin4
  • Negative results do not exclude signifi cant bacteriuria (insuffi cient incubation, urinary tract infections Urine Test Strips for the Rapid Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Bilirubin, Blood, Glucose, Ketones, Leucocytes, due to bacteria not containing nitrate reductase). (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Intended to measure the levels of bilirubin conjugates in urine. (dnxmedical.com)
  • Normally no bilirubin is detected in the urine even by the most sensitive methods. (dnxmedical.com)
  • Chemical examination of the urine consists of the determination of the pH value and the presence of blood/hemoglobin/myoglobin, protein, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and ketones. (bvsalud.org)
Ascorbic acid3
  • High doses of ascorbic acid can produce false-negative results for urine glucose with glucose oxidase methods (e.g. (rnspeak.com)
  • A negative result even in the presence Intended Use of bacteriuria can have the following reasons: bacteria not containing nitrate reductase, diet with low nitrate For use as a preliminary screening test for diabetes, liver diseases, haemolytic diseases, urogenital and kidney content, high diuresis, high content of ascorbic acid or insuffi cient incubation of the urine in the bladder. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Large concentrations of ascorbic acid may cause lower readings in urine containing occult blood. (dnxmedical.com)
Xanthine Oxidase2
  • Xanthine Oxidase 8. (elsevier.com)
  • Over the long term, gout is treated by decreasing tissue stores of uric acid with the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol or febuxostat or with the uricosuric agent probenecid. (medscape.com)
Specimen5
  • Any green spots or green colour development on the reagent area within 60 seconds is significant and the urine specimen should be examined further. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • positive results may occur in stale urines, in which nitrite has been formed by contamination of the specimen and in urines containing dyes (derivatives of pyridinium, beetroot). (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Obtain a midstream, clean-catch urine specimen in a clean container. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • While the urine is being centrifuged, examine the remainder of the specimen by inspection and reagent strip (dipstick) testing. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • If the specific gravity of a random urine specimen is ≥ 1.023, the concentrating ability of the kidneys can be considered normal. (unboundmedicine.com)
Strips6
  • Can see false-positive tests when any substance present in the urine can reduce the copper in the clinitest strips. (labpedia.net)
  • Improper storage of the urine strips. (labpedia.net)
  • Each canister contains 100 Urine Test Strips. (dnxmedical.com)
  • Reagent strips cannot be relied on to detect some proteins (eg, globulins, light chains) or reducing sugars (other than glucose). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Substances that cause abnormal urine color may affect the readability of test pads on reagent strips (eg, visible levels of blood or bilirubinuria and drugs containing dyes, nitrofurantoin, rifampin or rifabutin). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • For this reason, Type 2 Diabetics must monitor their blood glucose levels with diabetes testing monitors and strips. (fsamarket.com)
Monoamine oxidase1
  • Currently taking a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (e.g., phenelzine, linezolid, and tranylcypromine) or have recently (within 2 weeks) taken a nonselective MAO inhibitor. (dhivyhcp.com)
Renal8
  • 2021. "A comprehensive urine proteome database generated from patients with various renal conditions and prostate cancer. (pnnl.gov)
  • Urine and serum level of Amoxicillin should be monitor in patients with impaired renal functions. (bernofarm.com)
  • First morning urine is urine as it relates to numerous renal and metabolic disorders and in the monitoring of patients with certain diets. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Renal threshold for glucose = 160 to 180 mg/dL. (labpedia.net)
  • After the renal threshold values, glucose appears in the urine. (labpedia.net)
  • Glucose appears in the urine when a blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL or more (crosses the renal threshold). (labpedia.net)
  • The magnetic nanoreporters were prepared by loading 3.2 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and glucose oxidase (GOD) into macrophage cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) through electroporation, and these compositions serve as renal clearable catalytic reporters, synergistic catalysts, and targeted delivery carriers, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • NADPH oxidase 5 and renal disease. (ohri.ca)
Reagent4
  • Grow a fresh culture (18 to 24 hours) of bacteria on nutrient agar The stability of glucose oxidase reagent is excellent and refrigeration during the course of analyzer is unnecessary (10). (cappartnersfund.com)
  • Compare the reagent areas on the strip with the corresponding color chart on the container 60 seconds (60 quaternary ammonium groups in the urine sampling vessel. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Dip a reagent strip in the urine and compare it with the interpretation guide chart on the bottle. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Excessive urine on strip may cause protein reagent to run over onto pH area, yielding falsely low pH reading. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sensitivity4
  • and hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity was measured with a two-step euglycemic insulin (40 and 160 mU · min − 1 · m -2 ) clamp performed with 3-[ 3 H]glucose and indirect calorimetry. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS -These results suggest that pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic patients decreases fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels by improving hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissue sensitivity to insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The presence of urobilinogen can enhance the sensitivity of the test field whilst urine indicane may cause atypical coloration. (dnxmedical.com)
  • A normal urine PBG result has a sensitivity of almost 100% (ie, rules out) in the diagnosis of porphyria in acutely symptomatic patients. (medscape.com)
Nitrite2
  • Intended to identify nitrite in urine. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Any degree of pinkorange coloration should be interpreted as a positive nitrite test suggestive of ≥105 organisms/ml For In-Vitro Diagnostic Use urine. (pdfmedarticles.com)
Based on the enzymatic2
  • This test is based on the enzymatic reaction that occurs between glucose oxidase, peroxidase and chromogen. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • A11A01670 is an in vitro diagnostic assay for the quantitative determination of uric acid in human serum, plasma and urine based on the enzymatic determination of uric acid using a chromogenic system in the presence of peroxidase and uricase (Trinder method). (icij.org)
Ketone1
Mmol3
  • The meter then displays the level in units of mg/dL or mmol/L. Since approximately 1980, a primary goal of the management of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been achieving closer-to-normal levels of glucose in the blood for as much of the time as possible, guided by HBGM several times a day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Post challenge plasma glucose/OGTT is suggested when fasting glucose is between 5.5-7.8 mmol/l. (howmed.net)
  • However, the ma glucose 7 mmol/L or random plasma prevalence of DM2 in the paediatric popu- glucose 11.1 mmol/L [ 12 ]. (who.int)
Strip in the urine1
Lactose1
  • Glycosuria is the presence of reducing substances (glucose, galactose, lactose, and fructose) in the urine. (labpedia.net)
OGTT3
  • The change in mean plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT was strongly related to the change in total body glucose disposal during the second insulin clamp step. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The revised diagnostic criteria give equal importance to the fasting and 2 hours post glucose load plasma glucose (2h PG) for the diagnosis of diabetes, thereby eliminating the need for a routine oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the diagnosis of diabetes. (nurseinfo.in)
  • These criteria are expected to rationalize and simplify the diagnosis of diabetes and a larger number of people could be screened due to the simplification of the procedure of doing only fasting plasma glucose rather than an OGTT. (nurseinfo.in)
Specificity1
  • Significantly increased ALA and PBG in urine have 100% specificity (ie, rules in) for AIP, ADP, HCP, and VP. (medscape.com)
Falsely2
  • Falsely positive results are possible in highly alkaline urine from the strip by wiping the edge of the strip on the urine container or on absorbent paper. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Traces of formaldehyde in the urine and exposure of urine to light may cause lowered or falsely negative results. (dnxmedical.com)
Enzymatic reaction1
  • Thus, the readout was the amount of oxygen consumed by GOx during the enzymatic reaction with the substrate glucose. (wikipedia.org)
Biosensors2
  • Due to this work he is considered the "father of biosensors," especially with respect to the glucose sensing for diabetes patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymatic glucose biosensors use an electrode instead of O2 to take up the electrons needed to oxidize glucose and produce an electronic current in proportion to glucose concentration. (cappartnersfund.com)
Concentration of glucose2
Measurement3
  • Managers of laboratories argued that the superior accuracy of a laboratory glucose measurement outweighed the advantage of immediate availability and made meter glucose measurements unacceptable for inpatient diabetes management. (wikipedia.org)
  • It refers to the measurement of the amount of glucose bound to haemoglobin. (nih.gov)
  • People with prediabetes have a blood glucose measurement higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes. (fsamarket.com)
Blood15
  • It is a key element of glucose testing, including home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) performed by people with diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • A small drop of blood, obtained from slightly piercing a fingertip with a lancet, is placed on a disposable test strip that the meter reads and uses to calculate the blood glucose level. (wikipedia.org)
  • A moving needle indicated the blood glucose after about a minute. (wikipedia.org)
  • Any drug that alter blood glucose level should also be discontinued prior to testing for 03 days. (howmed.net)
  • Urine undergoes many changes during states of disease or body dysfunction before blood composition is altered to a significant extent. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • Blood is often, but not invariably, found in urine during menstruation. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • Ingested glucose is absorbed directly into the blood from the intestine and results in a rapid increase in blood glucose. (cappartnersfund.com)
  • Compared with fingerstick blood glucose monitoring, CGM has many advantages in diabetes management. (cappartnersfund.com)
  • Its concentration in the urine correlates with the blood glucose level. (labpedia.net)
  • Intended to detect occult blood in urine. (dnxmedical.com)
  • It is an average of blood glucose levels for the last 120 days, which is consistent with the average life span of a red blood cell (RBC).Compensation for the lack of insulin-secreting βeta-cells is accomplished through administration of insulin. (nih.gov)
  • The liver is the largest internal organ and plays an important role in many functions of the body, including blood detoxification, cholesterol, glucose, iron metabolism, etc. (golifescience.com)
  • Turbidity of urine is caused by pus, red blood cells, or crystals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Blood testing should be ordered when there are multiple risk factors or any of the classic symptoms, such as polyuria (an abnormal production of urine), polydipsia (an abnormally high thirst), polyphagia (high levels of hunger), and unexplained weight loss. (fsamarket.com)
  • This causes less glucose to move into the cells, resulting in higher blood glucose (BG) levels. (fsamarket.com)
Biosensor2
Normal urine2
  • Glucose should not be detected in normal urine. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • The expected range for normal urine specimens from newborns is pH 5-7.9 The expected range for other normal urine specimens is pH 4.5-8, with an average result of pH 6. (nal-vonminden.com)
Alkaline urine1
Abnormal2
  • Glucose concentrations as low as 100 mg/dL may be considered abnormal if results are consistent. (nal-vonminden.com)
  • The Test-it™ Urinalysis range is highly sensitive in picking up abnormal parameters in urine samples. (dnxmedical.com)
Protein4
  • 2021. "A Sweet H2S/H2O2 Dual Release System and Specific Protein S-Persulfidation Mediated by Thioglucose/Glucose Oxidase. (pnnl.gov)
  • Remove excess no protein is detectable in the urine of healthy subjects. (pdfmedarticles.com)
  • Intended to detect the presence of protein in the urine. (dnxmedical.com)
  • Normally, no protein is detectable in the urine of healthy individuals. (dnxmedical.com)
Examination4
  • It is part of a routine urine examination. (labpedia.net)
  • Examination of urine for glucose is rapid, noninvasive, and inexpensive for screening urine. (labpedia.net)
  • A routine urinalysis consists of a physical and chemical examination of the urine as well as an examination of the urine sediment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physical examination of the urine consists of the determination of urine color, clarity, and specific gravity which provides information regarding the concentration of the urine. (bvsalud.org)
Swab1
  • These include, but are not limited to, the filter paper test, direct plate method, swab method, impregnated oxidase test strip method and test tube method. (cappartnersfund.com)
Metabolic2
  • The review question is: Are metabolic outcomes improved in outpatient adolescents (aged 13 to 19 years) with type 1 diabetes on a Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) when continuous glucose monitoring is used, compared to self-glucose monitoring alone? (nih.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: This urine test, which combines urine metabolic markers and clinical factors, may be used to predict sPC and thereby inform the necessity of biopsy in men with an elevated PC risk. (bvsalud.org)
Urobilinogen2
  • Intended to detect and estimate urobilinogen in urine. (dnxmedical.com)
  • The normal urobilinogen concentration in urine ranges from 0.1 - 1.8 mg/dL (1.7 - 30 μ mol/L). Any value higher than 2 mg/dL (35 μmol/L) is considered pathological. (dnxmedical.com)
Insulin4
  • 0.01) decreased significantly without change in fasting or glucose-stimulated insulin/C-peptide concentrations. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The change in FPG was related to the change in basal EGP, EGP during the first insulin clamp step, and total glucose disposal during the second insulin clamp step. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Microvascular dysfunction may affect both peripheral vascular resistance and insulin-mediated glucose disposal, thereby contributing to hypertension and insulin resistance, respectively [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Insulin controls the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates and move glucose from the bloodstream into cells for use as energy. (fsamarket.com)
Genes2
  • Inheritance of two mutant protoporphyrin oxidase genes causes a more profound reduction in residual enzyme activity to 25% or less, leading to more severe disease manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • Very rare childhood cases have been ascribed to the presence of 2 mutant protoporphyrinogen oxidase genes in the same individual. (medscape.com)
Hyperglycemia1
  • The cut-off level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diagnosis of diabetes has been fixed as 126 mg/dl, since this reflects the same degree of hyperglycemia as a 2hr-PG of 200 mg/dl in terms of susceptibility for the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. (nurseinfo.in)
Test4
Serum1
  • The clinical characteristics were: pubertal onset, female preponderance, obesity, strong family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, high plasma glucose at presentation, adequate cell reserve and serum pancreatic islet cell antibody negativity. (who.int)
Electrode1
  • In 1962, Clark and Ann Lyons from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital developed the first glucose enzyme electrode. (wikipedia.org)
Detectable1
  • Microhaematuria does not affect the colour of urine and is only detectable microscopically or by chemical detection methods. (dnxmedical.com)
Body's1
Lactate1
  • Glucose limitation provides several important advantages, including control of the glucose metabolism, reduced lactate concentration, better medium utilization, and simple perfusion control. (cappartnersfund.com)
Reducing substances3
Results4
  • Their data handling capabilities are designed to transfer glucose results into electronic medical records and the laboratory computer systems for billing purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results of tests for systemic involvement, as well as sputum and urine cultures, were negative. (cdc.gov)
  • It is imperative the information is reviewed concurrently with glucose monitoring results in order to ensure appropriate dosing and treatment .The intervention considered in this systematic review is the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in conjunction with a CSII. (nih.gov)
  • To date, there have been 184 different mutations in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene that results in variegate porphyria. (medscape.com)
Sugars1
Plasma1
Analyses1
  • At baseline and at study week four, participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaires and provided a first-morning urine sample for targeted metabolomics analyses. (mdpi.com)
Lipase1
  • In the present study, glucose, acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP), α-amylase and lipase were measured for the first time in tissue homogenates of Biomphalaria arabica snails, molluscan intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia. (scialert.net)
Patients2
  • OBJECTIVE -To elucidate the effects of pioglitazone treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • METHODS: Urine samples from 928 men, namely, 660 PC patients and 268 benign subjects, were analyzed by gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrophotometry (GC/Q-TOF MS) metabolomic profiling to construct four predictive models. (bvsalud.org)
Type 2 diabet1
  • citation needed] Home glucose testing was adopted for type 2 diabetes more slowly than for type 1, and a large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes have never been instructed in home glucose testing. (wikipedia.org)