ExcretionAmount of proteinuriaHematuriaTubularInfectionReported to reduce proteinuriaMolecular weight proteinuriaHypertensionAppearance of proteinuriaAcuteNephrotic proteinuriaQuantification of urinaryCorrelatesPatientsSpot urinePrevalenceRatioCreatinine clearanceExcreted in the urineDisordersSyndromeAmilorideNephrolithiasisClinicalPodocyturiaConcentrationChronicLaboratoryNephrologyQuantitativeReabsorptionSedimentExpressed in urineMajor urinaryTract InfectionsPotential biomarkerDiseasesRenal failureMildSignificantProteinsOsmolalityPodocyteGlomerular filtCardiovascularHaematuriaDiagnosisAngiotensin
Excretion15
- Urinary mercury excretion and proteinuria in pathology laboratory staff. (bmj.com)
- Main laboratory results included hematocrit 44%, glycemia 78 mg/dL, serum creatinine 1.07 mg/dL, creatinine clearance of 74 mL/min, sodium 143 mEq/L, potassium 3.9 mEq/L, serum albumin 4.3 g/dL, and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion 250 mg/day. (hindawi.com)
- Quantitation of urinary protein excretion is used extensively for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and to assess the effects of therapy. (nih.gov)
- We conclude that the determination of the protein/creatinine ratio in single urine samples obtained during normal daylight activity, when properly interpreted by taking into consideration the effect of different rates of creatinine excretion, can replace the 24-hour urine collection in the clinical quantitation of proteinuria. (nih.gov)
- In experimental nephrotic syndrome, urinary sodium excretion is decreased during the early phase of the disease. (portlandpress.com)
- The time courses of urinary sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone concentration and proteinuria were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single dose of either PAN or vehicle. (portlandpress.com)
- The kinetics of urinary sodium excretion and the appearance of proteinuria were comparable with those reported previously. (portlandpress.com)
- Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and quantitative urinary -2-microglobulin (-2-m) excretion were estimated. (who.int)
- Serum TNF concentration and urinary -2-m excretion were significantly higher in the first presentation and relapse groups. (who.int)
- One man was affected by hyperuricemia, two had proteinuria, three had high excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and one had low urinary acidifying ability. (cdc.gov)
- Comparison of Different Methods of Urinary Protein Excretion Measurement-Is the King Really Dead? (asn-online.org)
- When treating patients, it is often indispensable to accurately quantify the amount of protein lost, hence cumbersome timed urine collections (the gold standard or "king" of methods- 24h protein excretion rate- PER) are often replaced by spot urinary protein to creatinine ratio (PCR). (asn-online.org)
- Because urinary albumin excretion follows a circadian rhythym, the preferred method to collect urine for albumin assessment is to collect a 24 hour urine specimen. (cdc.gov)
- Since the ACR depends not only on urinary albumin but also on urinary creatinine excretion, it will be affected by gender and age because muscle mass is lower in females than in males and decreases with age. (cdc.gov)
- Results of the fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) are reproducible, and the test is accurate and sensitive for the detection of human urinary albumin excretion. (cdc.gov)
Amount of proteinuria4
- To investigate association between maternofoetal complications and the amount of proteinuria measured by spot urine protein creatinine ratio in patients with preeclampsia. (hindawi.com)
- A couple of studies have also been done to find out association between the amount of proteinuria and maternofoetal outcome in patients with preeclampsia but the results have been variable [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This study was carried out in patients with preeclampsia to estimate the prevalence of maternal and foetal morbidity and to investigate the association between the amount of proteinuria measured by spot UPCR and maternofoetal outcome. (hindawi.com)
- Indeed, the degree of foot process effacement correlates with the amount of proteinuria 43,44 and original studies by Velosa, Donadio and Holley showed diffuse foot process in all nephrotic patients with FSGS, involving all glomeruli, whether or not morphologic alterations were noted on light microscopy. (renalandurologynews.com)
Hematuria6
- Asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome is the result of diseases of glomeruli (clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys that have small pores through which blood is filtered). (msdmanuals.com)
- Doctors usually recommend that people with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria have a physical examination and undergo urine testing once or twice a year. (msdmanuals.com)
- Most people with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome do not worsen, and the condition may persist indefinitely. (msdmanuals.com)
- 1999]. Hematuria and proteinuria have been associated with anesthetic concentrations of tetrachloroethylene. (cdc.gov)
- She was admitted to a hospital in Brownsville, Texas, where her blood pressure was 94/70 mm Hg, and laboratory testing indicated proteinuria, hematuria, and a further decrease in platelet count (43,000/mm 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Patients have normal renal function and proteinuria usually is less than 1 g/day with no hematuria. (medscape.com)
Tubular12
- Tubular proteinuria is a result of tubulointersitial disease affecting the proximal renal tubules and interstitium. (medscape.com)
- Proteinuria stimulates tubular chemokine expression and activates complement pathway which result in inflammatory response and fibrosis in the interstitium that contributes to progression of CKD [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
- Chronically exposed dry-cleaning workers have increased urinary levels of lysozymes, β2-microglobulin, and other low-molecular-weight proteins, suggesting tubular damage. (cdc.gov)
- These measurements were compared with 24 h proteinuria, serum albumin, glomerular filtration, interstitial fibrosis (IF), and the glomerular and tubular expression of synaptopodin and cubilin respectively. (usp.br)
- The two histological forms have different biological and clinical findings: there is either a glomerulopathy (at first there is an isolated high proteinuria, then a nephrotic syndrome and/or a blood hypercoagulation syndrome), or a syndrome of tubular reabsorption defect (no proteinuria or a low one). (vin.com)
- 1 g/24h should serve as a clue that proteins other than albumin (i.e. light chains, tubular proteinuria) account for the proteinuria and further evaluation (urinary protein electrophoresis, retinol binding protein) is necessary to identify the cause of the FSGS lesion. (renalandurologynews.com)
- A rare X-linked monogenic renal tubular disease, characterized by manifestations of complex proximal tubule dysfunction with low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and progressive renal failure. (orpha.net)
- Some patients present with LMW proteinuria associated with significant albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, in the absence of nephrotic syndrome and with mild tubular involvement that may be overlooked. (orpha.net)
- Another interesting observation obtained in rat model suggests that measurement of urinary Clusterin levels may be a useful clinical marker for the severity of renal tubular damage. (biovendor.com)
- Furthermore, urinary Clusterin may also help to differentiate between tubular and glomerular forms of proteinuria. (biovendor.com)
- Most cases of proteinuria can be classified as tubular, overflow, or glomerular. (medscape.com)
- Tubular proteinuria occurs most commonly in disease processes affecting the tubulo-interstitial component of the kidney. (medscape.com)
Infection10
- We excluded patients with chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preexisting renal disease, urinary tract infection, intrauterine foetal death, multiple-foetus gestations, premature rupture of membrane, and postterm pregnancy from our study. (hindawi.com)
- Why is it Important to Recognize that Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection is not a Primary Diagnostic Entity? (ivis.org)
- Although the urinary tract communicates with an external environment loaded with bacteria and other potentially pathogenic agents, most of it is normally sterile and all of it is normally resistant to infection. (ivis.org)
- Therefore, in context of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) may be viewed as a secondary (or complicating) rather than a primary (or definitive) diagnostic entity. (ivis.org)
- On June 28, the woman was hospitalized in Matamoros with a diagnosis of probable dengue fever and urinary tract infection. (cdc.gov)
- She was given antibiotics for suspected partially treated urinary tract infection and fluids for dehydration. (cdc.gov)
- Radiographs provide a global image, are most valuable when clinical signs are vague and provide additional information such as discospondylitis secondary to urinary tract infection or pulmonary metastasis. (vin.com)
- Subjects with an active infection or tumors of the urinary tract were excluded. (asn-online.org)
- Urinary tract infection complicated 50% of pregnancies. (bvsalud.org)
- We propose pre-conceptual counselling, education on how to protect their single kidney, pre eclampsia prophylaxis with low-dose aspirin and close monitoring for urinary tract infection, hypertension and proteinuria with lower thresholds for pharmaceutical management. (bvsalud.org)
Reported to reduce proteinuria1
- Amiloride, an epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor, was reported to reduce proteinuria in animal studies and case reports independent of ENaC inhibition. (karger.com)
Molecular weight proteinuria2
- Differential diagnosis includes other causes of low molecular weight proteinuria and Fanconi syndrome. (orpha.net)
- It can be classified on the basis of the amount of protein (nephrotic or non-nephrotic), the type of protein (albuminuria or low molecular weight proteinuria), or the underlying pathological damage (glomerular vs non-glomerular). (medscape.com)
Hypertension8
- Four hundred and three teenage secondary school students (50.6% males) from two girls' and two boys' Nairobi City Schools, selected by stratified sampling, were screened to determine the prevalence of proteinuria, haematuria, nitrituria and hypertension. (ac.ke)
- Neither personal history of recurrent sore throat and skin infections nor family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or kidney disease was significantly associated with proteinuria or haematuria. (ac.ke)
- The prevalence of proteinuria, haematuria, other urinary abnormalities and hypertension ranges between 1% and 3.5% among teenage secondary school children. (ac.ke)
- It is clinically defined by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria, with or without severe features. (medscape.com)
- A 65-year-old black male with a history of hypertension for more than 30 years was referred to the nephrologist for evaluation of proteinuria . (medscape.com)
- None booked with hypertension or proteinuria. (bvsalud.org)
- Worryingly, 35% developed pre-eclampsia, gestational proteinuria or gestational hypertension. (bvsalud.org)
- Control of hypertension and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers especially in those with proteinuria have been shown to protect against chronic kidney disease and delay its progression to kidney failure. (bvsalud.org)
Appearance of proteinuria1
- Therefore, in diseases that can threaten the glomerular normal environment, the presence and the quantification of urinary podocytes can be of remarkable relevance, as it can herald or accompany the appearance of proteinuria, and could offer another view to the interpretation and clinical approach and outcome of proteinuria. (degruyter.com)
Acute2
Nephrotic proteinuria3
- Methods: Lipiduria was evaluated in urine samples of adult patients with nephrotic and non-nephrotic proteinuria who underwent renal biopsy. (usp.br)
- The comparison between the nephrotic and non-nephrotic proteinuria groups was made with the Mann-WhitneyU-test. (usp.br)
- For nephrotic proteinuria it was respectively 0.62 and 0.94, 0.62 and 0.93, 0.66 and 0.92. (asn-online.org)
Quantification of urinary1
- The quantification of urinary fat was carried out by counting lipid particles in the Neubauer chamber with a polarizing microscope. (usp.br)
Correlates1
- In patients with primary and secondary glomerular diseases spot urine protein to creatinine ratio only modestly correlates with daily proteinuria whether it's morning or random urine sample. (asn-online.org)
Patients13
- Proteinuria identifies patients with kidney damage and those at risk for worsening kidney disease and increased cardiovascular morbidity. (medscape.com)
- We hypothesized that amiloride not triamterene (an analog of amiloride) would reduce proteinuria in the patients with proteinuric kidney disease. (karger.com)
- Both amiloride and triamterene significantly reduced proteinuria in patients with proteinuric kidney disease. (karger.com)
- In the present study, preeclampsia was diagnosed in patients who had resting blood pressure equal to or more than 140/90 mmHg at two different occasions at least 4 hours apart with significant proteinuria detected in urine samples (defined as more than or equal to 300 mg/24 hrs or spot UPCR 0.3 gm/gm in random urine sample). (hindawi.com)
- In contrast, patients with secondary FSGS are more likely to present with slowly increasing proteinuria that may be in the nephrotic-range, but the patients do not develop full-blown nephrotic syndrome (with hypoalbuminemia). (renalandurologynews.com)
- The distinction is crucial, especially in patients who have nephrotic-range proteinuria in which a kidney biopsy shows FSGS or global glomerulosclerosis (FGGS) but who do not have nephrotic syndrome (e.g., serum albumin is normal), for the lesions in patients without nephrotic syndrome are more likely to arise from secondary processes (e.g., glomerular hyperfiltration, obesity, nephron mass reduction). (renalandurologynews.com)
- However, patients with primary podocytopathy-minimal change disease (MCD) and primary FSGS, which result from a generalized podocyte insult-are more likely to have massive proteinuria and develop nephrotic syndrome. (renalandurologynews.com)
- As discussed above, due to the adaptive origin of the lesion in secondary FSGS, patients are more likely to have mild foot process effacement and present with sub-nephrotic range proteinuria. (renalandurologynews.com)
- All patients hospitalized with renal failure due to urinary tract obstruction were included. (scirp.org)
- Patients were included in this study without distinction of sex, age or nationality, hospitalized for renal failure whose cause is an obstacle in the urinary tract and having a medical record including clinical variables, paraclinical variables, procedures performed, surgical results, creatinine levels before and after drainage. (scirp.org)
- If tested, nearly all patients have a urinary concentration defect. (orpha.net)
- Patients are also frequently referred after fortuitous discovery of nephrocalcinosis, renal stones, proteinuria or other biological signs of PT dysfunction, or after family screening. (orpha.net)
- 143 adult patients hospitalized in the I Department of Nephrology with proteinuria (both primary and secondary glomerular diseases) were examined (a total of 187 cases). (asn-online.org)
Spot urine2
- 3.5 g of proteinuria on a spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. (medscape.com)
- Doing a 24-hour urine collection for proteinuria and creatinine clearance is unnecessary because a spot urine sample to measure urine albumin to creatinine ratio is quite sufficient for diagnosis and therapy. (medscape.com)
Prevalence2
- There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of proteinuria and/or haematuria between the sexes. (ac.ke)
- The recorded for data collection were explained to haematuria by chemical reagent strips prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in parents and community leaders includ- (UroColor 9, Standard Diagnostics). (who.int)
Ratio5
- In addition to the blood pressure criteria, proteinuria of greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen, a protein (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1+ (if a quantitative measurement is unavailable) is required to diagnose preeclampsia. (medscape.com)
- We reasoned that the urinary protein/creatinine ratio in a single voided urine sample should correlate well with the quantity of protein in timed urine collections. (nih.gov)
- In the presence of stable renal function, a protein/creatinine ratio of more than 3.5 (mg/mg) can be taken to represent "nephrotic-range" proteinuria, and a ratio of less than 0.2 is within normal limits. (nih.gov)
- To start, a simple urinary protein/creatinine ratio can be compared to a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. (renalandurologynews.com)
- Therefore, measurement of urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations are performed and an albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined from both a random urine and a first morning void. (cdc.gov)
Creatinine clearance1
- No significant differences in plasmatic creatinine, urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance, proteinuria or osmolality were detected. (strath.ac.uk)
Excreted in the urine1
- Nephrotic-range proteinuria is defined as greater than 3.5 g of protein excreted in the urine over 24 hours. (medscape.com)
Disorders2
- Tissue and Cell Sampling Site-specific biopsies and cell sampling are also used in the evaluation of people with suspected kidney and urinary tract disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
- First, many surgical procedures designed to correct noninfectious disorders of the urinary tract may partially or totally interfere with local host defenses that normally prevent or impair development of UTI. (ivis.org)
Syndrome3
- Les enfants présentant un syndrome néphrotique idiopathique ont été répartis en trois groupes de 20 : première manifestation, rémission et récidive. (who.int)
- Nephrotic syndrome is neither a single gested that IL-1 has a significant role in the disease nor even a heterogeneous group of immunopathogenesis of proteinuria [ 7 ] and related diseases. (who.int)
- minimal change nephrotic reabsorption and increased urinary excre- syndrome is most common in children 2-4 tion of -2-m [ 11 ]. (who.int)
Amiloride2
- The present case illustrates the reduction rate of urinary podocyte loss and proteinuria after amiloride administration and suggests the molecular pathways involved in Alport renal disease. (hindawi.com)
- After amiloride prescription, his proteinuria turned negative and was detected as microalbuminuria, while podocyturia decreased to control rates. (hindawi.com)
Nephrolithiasis1
- It is characterized by proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction and LMW proteinuria (100% of cases), associated with hypercalciuria (90-95%), nephrolithiasis (30-50%), nephrocalcinosis (40-50%), and progressive renal failure. (orpha.net)
Clinical4
- The 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline for evaluating and managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes proteinuria in the staging of CKD. (medscape.com)
- Rather, it is a clinical state that TNF- plays a pathogenic role in the characterized by heavy proteinuria and induction and/or maintenance of glomeru- hypoalbuminaemia, often associated with lar barrier dysfunction [ 8 ]. (who.int)
- The diagnosis is based on the presence of LMW proteinuria, which is associated in the majority of cases with hypercalciuria and other biological, radiological and clinical symptoms of the disease. (orpha.net)
- Assessing proteinuria is one of the most important diagnostic tests for a clinical nephrologist. (asn-online.org)
Podocyturia4
- Podocyturia refers to the presence of these differentiated cells in the urinary sediment. (degruyter.com)
- Podocyturia can precede proteinuria and can aggravate it. (degruyter.com)
- Finally, podocyturia rather than proteinuria should be considered as an earlier biomarker of kidney involvement and disease progression in Alport disease. (hindawi.com)
- Podocyturia is irreversible and any attempt to decrease its amount, particularly in early phases of a glomerulopathy, should be accompanied by reductions in proteinuria and delays in kidney function decline. (hindawi.com)
Concentration1
- The total urinary fat (TUF) measured the urinary fat concentration/urinary creatinine concentration index. (usp.br)
Chronic1
- Proteinuria is a major determinant of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with more rapid worsening of renal function and earlier initiation of renal replacement therapy independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
Laboratory1
- To better understand the etiology of proteinuria, some scientists attempted to study the phenomenon in laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
Nephrology1
- Around 6 years ago, his estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 with 6 g for proteinuria when referred to nephrology. (medscape.com)
Quantitative1
- A Spearman's rank correlation was used to estimate the correlation between the counting of urinary lipid particles and the other quantitative variables.pvalues (usp.br)
Reabsorption1
- Overflow proteinuria is most commonly associated with increased production of abnormal low molecular weight proteins (eg, light chains in multiple myeloma, myoglobin in rhabdomyolysis) that exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the proximal tubule, leading to spilling of the protein into the urine. (medscape.com)
Sediment1
- Transient proteinuria occurs in persons with normal kidney function, bland urine sediment, and normal blood pressure. (medscape.com)
Expressed in urine1
- Sometimes the term urinary Mups (uMups) is used to distinguish those Mups expressed in urine from those in other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Major urinary2
- Major urinary proteins (Mups), also known as α2u-globulins, are a subfamily of proteins found in abundance in the urine and other secretions of many animals. (wikipedia.org)
- However, it was not until the 1960s that the major urinary proteins of mice and rats were first described in detail. (wikipedia.org)
Tract Infections1
- In context of surgery, conceptual understanding of alterations in interactions between host defenses and pathogenic microbes that result in bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are important for at least two reasons. (ivis.org)
Potential biomarker1
- Plasma galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with organ fibrosis, but whether urinary Gal-3 is a potential biomarker of kidney disease progression has never been explored. (mdpi.com)
Diseases2
- Urinary podocyte loss is a silent phenomenon that precedes proteinuria in glomerular diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Creatinine measurement is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, in monitoring renal dialysis, and is used to standardize other urinary analytes (e.g. environmental chemicals). (cdc.gov)
Renal failure1
- Obstructive renal failure (ORF) or obstructive uropathy is defined by the simultaneous presence of impaired renal function and urinary excretory tract dilatation on medical imaging. (scirp.org)
Mild2
- He had normal kidney function, microhematuria, and mild proteinuria. (hindawi.com)
- Most females carriers have low-degree of LMW proteinuria and may develop mild kidney failure later in life. (orpha.net)
Significant2
- the more severe the proteinuria, the more significant the glomerular disease. (medscape.com)
- Nine students (2.2%) had significant proteinuria while 14 (3.5%) had microscopic haematuria. (ac.ke)
Proteins1
- Urinary proteins were first reported in rodents in 1932, during studies by Thomas Addis into the cause of proteinuria. (wikipedia.org)
Osmolality1
Podocyte1
- Microhematuria and subsequently proteinuria are hallmarks of kidney involvement, which are due to primary basement membrane alterations that mainly cause endothelial thrombosis and podocyte contraction and ulterior irreversible detachment. (hindawi.com)
Glomerular filt1
- An individual with proteinuria in the setting of a regular glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is at high risk of progressive loss of kidney function. (medscape.com)
Cardiovascular2
- Commonly drug-based approaches include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which are employed to reduce proteinuria and thus retard kidney disease progression and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (hindawi.com)
- 2] In TCM it is also used to enhance the function of the digestive, cardiovascular (for prevention of atherosclerosis and heart disease) and urinary systems. (positivehealth.com)
Haematuria1
- Two students had combined proteinuria and haematuria. (ac.ke)
Diagnosis1
- This study assessed the validity of a morbidity questionnaire and urine reagent strips as a rapid tool for screening schoolchildren for urinary schistosomiasis as compared with the presence of eggs in urine as the gold- standard parasitological diagnosis. (who.int)
Angiotensin2
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to be helpful to reduce kidney function decline, particularly when proteinuria exists [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Blood pressure control using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angioten- sin receptor blockers as the first line agents because these drugs have beneficial effects on glomerular haemodynamics and proteinuria in addition to their antihypertensive actions b. (bvsalud.org)