AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
NephronsProteinuriaKidneyKidney GlomerulusUrinary BladderAlpha-GlobulinsUrinary Tract InfectionsUrineKidney Tubules, DistalUromodulinCreatinineKidney TubulesUrinary TractKidney DiseasesGlomerulonephritis, IGAUrinary CalculiBiuret ReactionGlomerular Filtration RateUrinalysisAlbuminuriaGlomerulonephritisUrinary IncontinenceNephrotic SyndromeKidney Tubules, ProximalDiabetic NephropathiesProteinsGlomerulosclerosis, Focal SegmentalAcetylglucosaminidaseRosaniline DyesNephrectomyLoop of HenleNephrosisKidney CortexBlood PressureMucoproteinsGlomerulonephritis, MembranousKidney Tubules, CollectingPyrogallolKidney Function TestsUrinary CatheterizationNephritisUrinary RetentionCalcium OxalateAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsPuromycin AminonucleosideBiological MarkersUreterBlood Urea NitrogenRenal CirculationDiuresisRats, Sprague-DawleyPheromonesHypertension, RenalHypertensionKidney Failure, ChronicUrinary Incontinence, StressKidney MedullaInulinPodocytesUrinary Bladder DiseasesUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsLipocalinsKidney CalculiGlomerulonephritis, MembranoproliferativeSodium Chloride, DietarySodiumDisease Models, AnimalAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersBody WeightOrgan SizeNephritis, InterstitialLupus NephritisKidney Concentrating AbilityTime FactorsAbsorptionRats, WistarPuncturesRenin-Angiotensin SystemTetrazolesUrinary DiversionRats, Inbred StrainsAlbuminsRNA, MessengerNiobiumBence Jones ProteinSodium ChlorideReference Valuesbeta 2-MicroglobulinTrichloroacetic AcidSerum AlbuminProtein C InhibitorRenal InsufficiencyCadmium PoisoningAntihypertensive AgentsLosartanRamiprilNatriuresisReagent StripsNephelometry and TurbidimetryDisease Progression
KidneysProximal convolUrineExcretionMillion nephronsTract infectionsAlbuminReabsorptionLoss of nephronsBiomarkerDistal nephronBladderGlomerulusGlomerularFiltrationProteinuriaGlomeruliUreaSerumFunctional unit of the kidneyLower urinary tractNephroticCollecting ductsBloodstreamSystemDisordersExcessiveTransmembraneChronic renal fUnitsTubularEpithelialFunctionsHigh ProteinSegmentsOccursLevels
Kidneys23
  • In this series of newsletters on the urinary system, we will examine not only the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, but also the ureters (which convey waste from the kidneys), and the bladder (which stores waste until it can be excreted). (jonbarron.org)
  • The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. (graphdiagram.com)
  • edit on Wikidata] The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. (graphdiagram.com)
  • Diagram of the Human Urinary System (Infographic) The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The urinary system - also known as the renal system - produces, stores and elimiates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The urinary system includes the kidneys, the ureters which join the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder itself and the urethras which permit urine collecting in the bladder to be excreted - a process termed micturition. (graphdiagram.com)
  • There are approximately one million nephrons in the kidneys of the adult human. (drprincetta.com)
  • Inside the kidneys millions of nephrons present. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the glomeruli (clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys that have small pores through which blood is filtered) in which excessive amounts of protein are excreted in the urine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Protein molecules are relatively larger and they cannot pass through minute glomeruli or filters of the kidneys. (healthhearty.com)
  • Thus kidneys keep protein in blood as it is necessary for the body. (healthhearty.com)
  • Protein in urine with normal or low blood protein levels indicates dysfunction of kidneys. (healthhearty.com)
  • Sometimes, in case of very high blood protein levels, protein may be present in the urine despite normal functioning of the kidneys. (healthhearty.com)
  • The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder. (health32.com)
  • The ratio of urine protein to creatinine helps assess the function of the kidneys. (healthhearty.com)
  • If the ratio of urine protein to creatinine is within the normal range, then it means that your kidneys are functioning well. (healthhearty.com)
  • The kidneys and urinary system keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance, and remove a type of waste, called urea, from the blood. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • When the kidneys become porous and start leaking out the proteins in the urine, the kidney malfunction starts. (planetayurveda.com)
  • In mice with alleles that decrease expression kidneys are smaller with fewer mature nephrons. (jax.org)
  • The kidneys are made up of millions of small filtration units called "nephrons. (vin.com)
Proximal convol2
  • Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule, Renal tubules including proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the loop of Nephron, loop of nephron, ascending limb of loop of nephron, distal convoluted tubule, followed by collecting ducts or tubules. (msudenver.edu)
  • Bowman's capsule also has a structural function and creates a urinary space through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to the proximal convoluted tubule. (marlerblog.com)
Urine51
  • The formation of urine takes place in microscopic structures called nephrons, about one million of which are found in a normal human kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • Test strips contain pads impregnated with chemical compounds that change color when they interact with specific elements in the sample, such as glucose, protein and blood, and microscopic examination permits the counting and classification of solid elements of the urine, such as cells, crystals, and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • During pregnancy, it may be performed to screen for protein in the urine (proteinuria), which can be a sign of pre-eclampsia, and bacteria in the urine, which is associated with pregnancy complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for the eventual removal of urine. (graphdiagram.com)
  • No significant difference was found in both groups in protein, albumin and NAG level in urine but significantly high concentration were shown in urinary L-FABP only in the diabetic nephropathy cases. (fabp.jp)
  • Urinary L-FABP is thought to be renal disease specific indicator which reflect sensitively tubular disorder in a different way than the conventional urinary biomarker such as NAG and α1M and to be excreted into the urine by kidney tissue. (fabp.jp)
  • In the nephron, a glomerulus-which is a tiny blood vessel, or capillary-intertwines with a tiny urine-collecting tube called a tubule. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • Excessive protein excretion into the urine (proteinuria) results in low levels of important proteins, such as albumin , in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Normally, negligible amount of protein is present in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • Read on to know the causes of high protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • The article also explains how to lower protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • To measure the amount of protein in urine, a random sample and/or a 24-hour urine sample is used. (healthhearty.com)
  • The test that helps measure the protein content of urine is known as dipstick test. (healthhearty.com)
  • Presence of a protein like albumin in urine mainly indicates kidney problem. (healthhearty.com)
  • Losing protein through urine can lead to several health complications. (healthhearty.com)
  • The normal value of protein for a 24-hour urine collection: Less than 150 mg per 24 hours. (healthhearty.com)
  • The normal protein levels in urine may vary slightly from lab to lab. (healthhearty.com)
  • So along with protein urine, protein in blood is also measured. (healthhearty.com)
  • Elevated protein levels in urine mainly indicate kidney infection or kidney disease which affects glomeruli function. (healthhearty.com)
  • One should keep in mind that dehydration, excessive emotional stress, intake of certain drugs, strenuous exercise, urinary tract infection or contaminated urine (with vaginal secretions) can affect the urine test results. (healthhearty.com)
  • The doctor determines the course of treatment after knowing the exact cause of excess protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • Restricting dietary salt and protein helps lower the levels of protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • Excessive loss of protein through urine indicates kidney diseases and if not controlled promptly, may lead to life-threatening conditions. (healthhearty.com)
  • Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO, MIM # 618612) is defined by a decrease in the free passage of urine from the bladder through the urethra. (frontiersin.org)
  • The kidney structures begin to leak and protein (albumin) begins to pass into the urine. (health32.com)
  • During diabetic nephropathy the kidney becomes damaged and more�protein than normal collects in the urine. (health32.com)
  • the failure in excretion is due directly to loss of glomerular filters, and other features such as the large quantities of dilute urine represent a change in tubular function that could be accounted for by the increased load that each remaining nephron has to carry. (britannica.com)
  • Serious changes in the levels of creatinine and protein in urine indicate kidney problems. (healthhearty.com)
  • Read on, to know what are the normal levels of creatinine and protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • Normal urine therefore, contains a negligible amount of protein. (healthhearty.com)
  • What do high protein levels in urine indicate? (healthhearty.com)
  • A higher urine protein to creatinine ratio indicates kidney dysfunction. (healthhearty.com)
  • Kidney infection which damages the glomeruli can result in passing of protein through urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • Apart from this, several other diseases and disorders can lead to high protein in urine. (healthhearty.com)
  • High molecular weight proteins appearing in the urine points to a pathological condi-tion of the glomerulus, changing the permselectiv-ity of the filter. (pharmacy180.com)
  • When the reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubule is compromised, low molecu-lar weight proteins appear in the urine in measurable amounts. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Nephrotic (neh-FROT-ik) syndrome is a condition in which a person loses large amounts of protein through the urine , which can lead to swelling of the face (often the eyes) or body (often around the genitals). (kidshealth.org)
  • A number of different conditions can cause the glomeruli to allow too much protein to come out of the blood and into the urine (pee). (kidshealth.org)
  • Usually, when we think of the urinary system, we think about getting rid of waste products in our urine. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The urinary system, controlled by the nervous system, also stores urine until a convenient time for disposal and then provides the anatomical structures to transport this waste liquid to the outside of the body. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Additional findings relevant for future uEV studies in whole urine include the interference of THP with NTA, excretion of larger uEVs in dilute urine, the ability to use detergent to increase intracellular-epitope recognition in uEVs, and CD9 or CD63 capture of nephron segment-specific EVs. (exosome-rna.com)
  • 9.Nephrons filter blood to make liquid waste, or urine. (msudenver.edu)
  • High levels of potassium in the blood, very high blood sugars, blood in urine, low level of proteins in the blood, high levels of creatine, high level of blood urea, proteins in the urine, etc. are some of the indications. (planetayurveda.com)
  • The exclusion criteria were positive results of urine protein during the urine routine test, fever, strenuous exercise, congestive heart failure, or haematuria. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The ureters connect the kidney to the urinary bladder so that urine can be transported there and the bladder stores the urine until it is convenient to dump it into the environment. (vin.com)
  • The nephrons begin to leak, and protein (albumin) passes into the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A urine test looks for a protein, called albumin, leaking into the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once larger amounts of protein appear in the urine, kidney damage will slowly get worse. (medlineplus.gov)
  • UMOD codes for uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein), which is expressed exclusively in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and is the most common protein in normal urine. (medscape.com)
Excretion10
  • This results in increased urinary excretion of glucose that is independent of the body's insulin secretion. (aliem.com)
  • In addition, it was previously shown that mice with deletion of claudin-2 have increased urinary calcium excretion. (ku.edu)
  • Excessive protein excretion typically leads to accumulation of fluid in the body (edema) and low levels of the protein albumin and high levels of fats in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The general acceptance of urinary enzyme excretion as a measure of tubular dysfunction in human safety studies has been limited for several reasons. (pharmacy180.com)
  • The final outcome of the above functions of the urinary system is excretion. (pressbooks.pub)
  • All of the organs of the urinary system are involved in the removal of these metabolic wastes by contributing to the process of excretion. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and quantitative urinary -2-microglobulin (-2-m) excretion were estimated. (who.int)
  • Serum TNF concentration and urinary -2-m excretion were significantly higher in the first presentation and relapse groups. (who.int)
  • It may also cause electrolyte and with similar biochemical abnormalities urinary chloride excretion (20 mg/dL) acid base disturbances, rarely the mode (Table 1). (who.int)
  • We report here such a case which initially high, urinary chloride excretion alkalosis to extra cellular compartment presented in infancy. (who.int)
Million nephrons2
Tract infections6
Albumin3
  • Urinary protein, albumin, NAG and L-FABP levels and histopathological analysis results were compared for both groups. (fabp.jp)
  • The protein albumin is abundantly present in blood plasma as it promotes cellular function and strengthens muscles, bones, nails and hair. (healthhearty.com)
  • Related laboratory index tests were also performed to analyze the prevalence and associated risk factors of MAU that may possibly affect the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. (alliedacademies.org)
Reabsorption7
  • The mechanism involves decreasing glucose reabsorption in the nephron's proximal tubule (via inhibition of the sodium-glucose linked cotransporter-2 protein). (aliem.com)
  • In the kidney, the first portion of the nephron, called the proximal tubule (PT), performs the majority of solute reabsorption including about two-thirds of calcium. (ku.edu)
  • Under normal conditions, a minute amount of low molecular weight proteins are filtered, which then undergo endocytic reabsorption by prox-imal tubular cells. (pharmacy180.com)
  • It causes water reabsorption in the nephron. (msudenver.edu)
  • It causes sodium reabsorption from the nephron and water passively follows. (msudenver.edu)
  • The latter are the result of impaired reabsorption of small proteins, such as enzymes, peptide hormones, and light chain immunoglobulins. (medscape.com)
  • minimal change nephrotic reabsorption and increased urinary excre- syndrome is most common in children 2-4 tion of -2-m [ 11 ]. (who.int)
Loss of nephrons1
  • As seen in other kidney diseases, in STEC-HUS patients the progression to CKD is the consequence of renal mass reduction due to the loss of nephrons during the acute stage. (marlerblog.com)
Biomarker3
  • 8 cases presenting nephrosis syndrome diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy by renal biopsy and 12 cases with MCNS were examined to determine the correlation between histological tubulointerstitial lesion and urinary biomarker level in CKD patients. (fabp.jp)
  • The most common urinary biomarker used in renal diagnosis is proteinuria. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising source for biomarker discovery, but optimal approaches for normalization, quantification, and characterization in spot urines are unclear. (exosome-rna.com)
Distal nephron2
  • The exosome markers CD9 and CD63 colocalized and immunoprecipitated selectively with distal nephron markers. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Hypokalemia is the result of urinary losses secondary to increased secretion of potassium, which is stimulated by the delivery of large amounts of sodium and fluid to the distal nephron. (medscape.com)
Bladder3
  • Samples can also be collected from a urinary catheter or by inserting a needle through the abdomen and into the bladder (suprapubic aspiration). (wikipedia.org)
  • And we're also talking about infection and inflammation in the urinary tract, not to mention incontinence in the bladder. (jonbarron.org)
  • 80% identical to mammalian NHE-1 homologues at the nucleotide level and recognized a transcript (~5.8-6.0 kb) in RNA isolated from turtle colon, small intestine, stomach, kidney, urinary bladder, heart, and liver. (arizona.edu)
Glomerulus5
  • A healthy glomerulus allows many solutes in the blood to pass through, but does not permit the passage of cells or high-molecular weight substances such as most proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glomerulus acts as a filtering unit, or sieve, and keeps normal proteins and cells in the bloodstream, allowing extra fluid and wastes to pass through. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • Each nephron has a cluster of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus. (health32.com)
  • Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • At the heart of each nephron is a microscopic bundle of blood vessels called the glomerulus. (marlerblog.com)
Glomerular4
  • Under normal conditions, the glomerular filtration barrier restricts the transfer of high molecular weight proteins from the plasma to the lumen of the tubule. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Determination of the quantity and the quality of urinary proteins allows for the distinction between 'glomerular' and 'tubular' proteinuria. (pharmacy180.com)
  • In the rare event that the results of renal biopsies are known, microthrombi have been identified in the glomerular capillaries, resulting in extensive endothelial damage and, frequently, death of the nephron. (marlerblog.com)
  • Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)
Filtration3
  • These cells produce podocytes, special cells that are responsible for the filtration work of the nephron and the cells that require replacement continuously for the lifetime. (stemfinitycord.com)
  • It helps in the regeneration of the nephrons and aids in filtration effectively. (planetayurveda.com)
  • Over a lifetime, nephrons are damaged and are no longer able to participate in the filtration process. (vin.com)
Proteinuria1
  • Recently, for example, in vitro studies involving renal cells in culture suggested that the underlying mechanism of the proteinuria associated with the use of rosuvastatin was inhibition by the statin of the endocytotic uptake of proteins by the proximal tubular cell (Verhulst, D'Haese and De Broe, 2004). (pharmacy180.com)
Glomeruli3
  • Small amounts of protein that get through the glomeruli are normally reabsorbed by the body and used to generate energy. (healthhearty.com)
  • The two most common causes are pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation involving the structures around the renal pelvis or the glomeruli), and other common causes are renal damage from the effects of high blood pressure and renal damage from obstructive conditions of the lower urinary tract. (britannica.com)
  • Protein molecules are relatively larger and cannot pass through the minute glomeruli present in the kidney. (healthhearty.com)
Urea5
  • They remove urea - a waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins - from the blood through filtering units called nephrons. (graphdiagram.com)
  • Blood urea nitrogen of BUN is a nitrogenous waste product that correlates with dietary protein intake. (drprincetta.com)
  • Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • They remove waste from bloodstream such as protein metabolic waste called urea. (msudenver.edu)
  • Additionally, urea adds to the interstitial concentration, as does differential permeability of the different portions of the nephron. (msudenver.edu)
Serum3
  • Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) were assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery together with plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the participants at baseline (n = 70) and after six months (n = 64). (bvsalud.org)
  • In patients with Stage 4 CKD , there was no effect of vegetarian low-protein diet (VPD) vs animal-based low-protein diet (ADP) or pre-study diet on plasma on serum or urinary calcium levels. (andeal.org)
  • A VPD for seven days to six months did not affect serum/plasma phosphorus levels in patients with Stages 3-4, but did decrease 24-hour urinary phosphate levels by a mean difference of -126.6 (-200.4, -52.7) mg. (andeal.org)
Functional unit of the kidney1
Lower urinary tract1
  • Congenital lower urinary tract obstructions (LUTO) are most often caused by posterior urethral valves (PUV), a male limited anatomical obstruction of the urethra affecting 1 in 4,000 male live births. (frontiersin.org)
Nephrotic2
  • The conventional urinary biomarkers were not able to differentiate the degree of severity of tubulointerstitial injury in nephrotic syndrome patients however only urinary L-FABP level was determined. (fabp.jp)
  • 10%. In the remaining 10% of children with lecular weight protein found on the surface nephrotic syndrome, it is largely mediated of all nucleated cells which synthesize it. (who.int)
Collecting ducts1
  • The Ksp-cre mouse is based upon the Ksp-cadherin gene promoter which expresses cre recombinase in developing nephrons, collecting ducts (SD) and thick ascending limbs (TAL) of the loop of Henle. (johnshopkins.edu)
Bloodstream2
  • The urinary system maintains blood homeostasis by filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream and secreting waste. (graphdiagram.com)
  • Nephrons receive all the materials circulating in the bloodstream and must separate out the good stuff to keep (proteins, sugars, electrolytes etc.) from waste to be dumped (toxins, excess material etc. (vin.com)
System19
  • The urinary system is the Rodney Dangerfield of the body: it gets no respect. (jonbarron.org)
  • But who thinks about the urinary system? (jonbarron.org)
  • When it comes to the urinary system, we're not just talking about kidney stones and kidney failure, which affect millions of people in the United States alone, but more significantly kidney sludge, which compromises kidney function in virtually every adult living in a first world country. (jonbarron.org)
  • Anatomy of the Urinary System How does the urinary system work? (graphdiagram.com)
  • Urinary Tract System Anatomy Diagram - Chart - diagrams and charts with labels. (graphdiagram.com)
  • How the human body's urinary system works. (graphdiagram.com)
  • The main urinary system function is to filter the blood of excess water, salts, and waste products, temporarily store these within a reservoir, and intermittently expel these products from the body. (graphdiagram.com)
  • A complicated chemical exchange takes place, as waste materials and water leave the blood and enter the urinary system. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • Proteins strengthen the immune system and help keep away diseases. (healthhearty.com)
  • Describe the major functions of the urinary system. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The urinary system cleans and filters the blood in much the same way as a sewage treatment plant functions to filter and clean water. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The urinary system, however, involves more than just waste removal. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The urinary system plays many important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The roles of the urinary system include filtering the blood to remove toxins, maintaining water levels, maintaining appropriate levels of some vitamins and minerals, maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balances, and interacting with the circulatory system to help regulate blood pressure and red blood cell count. (pressbooks.pub)
  • In a three-way interaction with both the respiratory and circulatory systems, the urinary system helps stabilize blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. (pressbooks.pub)
  • This chapter will help you to understand the anatomy of the urinary system and how it enables the physiologic functions critical to homeostasis. (pressbooks.pub)
  • This question will help you to understand how the urinary system maintains homeostasis and affects all the other systems of the body and the quality of one's life. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Which is not a function of the urinary system? (pressbooks.pub)
  • It provides a calming and soothing effect on the urinary tract system and also provides relief from burning gut. (planetayurveda.com)
Disorders1
Excessive1
  • Rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults is the result of the excessive urinary losses of calcium and phosphate and of a defect in the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 into 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (medscape.com)
Transmembrane2
  • Claudins are a group of transmembrane tight junction (TJ) proteins that are vital to the regulation of paracellular transport. (ku.edu)
  • Figure.1 A visual representation of the transmembrane proteins Polycystin-1 and Polycystin-2. (ukessays.com)
Chronic renal f1
  • Soroka N, Silverberg D, Greemland M, Birk Y, Blum M, Peer G, Iaina A. Comparison of a vegetable-based (soya) and an animal-based low-protein diet in predialysis chronic renal failure patients. (andeal.org)
Units2
Tubular2
  • This result suggests that urinary L-FABP level may reflect specifically tubular injury in early stage diabetic nephropathy patients. (fabp.jp)
  • The frameshift mutation results in the formation of a truncated protein which cannot fold properly, promoting aggregation, and subsequent deposition in tubular cells. (medscape.com)
Epithelial1
  • Immunofluorescent localization of the reptilian Na + /H + exchanger protein using an antibody raised against a human NHE-1 fusion protein confirmed that protein expression paralleled abundant mRNA expression in epithelial cells of turtle stomach and colon, as well as in some nephron segments, and showed that the reptile NHE-1 homologue was localized exclusively to the basolateral membranes of these cells. (arizona.edu)
Functions1
  • [ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)
High Protein1
  • To examine this more carefully, we fed mice low (LP) and high protein (HP) diets respectively. (johnshopkins.edu)
Segments2
  • First, I examined the patterns of claudin expression in the proximal nephron and found that claudins-2 and -10a are expressed throughout the PT, in both convoluted and straight segments. (ku.edu)
  • Urinary enzymes bear the potential of determining the site of damage because different enzymes are localised in specific segments of the nephron. (pharmacy180.com)
Occurs2
  • The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric aciduria. (loinc.org)
  • The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
Levels4
  • What is the effect of protein type on total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in adults with CKD 4-5D? (andeal.org)
  • Consumption of vegetable vs animal protein did not affect total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or triglyceride levels in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or Stage 4 CKD patients. (andeal.org)
  • positive-quality Randomized Crossover) found no significant difference in hemoglobin levels between vegetarian low-protein diet, animal-based low-protein diet, or prestudy diet in patients with Stage 4 CKD , non-dialyzed. (andeal.org)
  • This was confirmed using human nephrectomy specimens and a large population cohort with urinary uromodulin levels. (medscape.com)