• Multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease may cause nerve damage to the bladder's control nerves. (palsbuys.com)
  • Patients with diseases that affect the nervous system, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) may also be at risk for bladder issues that affect urination. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society , "MS is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • The National Multiple Sclerosis Society has also pointed out that bladder dysfunction occurs in about 80 percent of people with MS. Bladder dysfunction also includes urinary incontinence. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • People with diseases that affect the brain or spinal cord such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are more likely to get OAB. (healthybladderclub.com)
  • Other suffer from neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, all of which affect the brain and nervous system. (unitedurology.com)
  • Physical therapy is a part of treatments of many problems, such as brain damage, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis, chronic pain and sports injuries. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis are neurodegenerative disorders with expensive and complex treatments aimed at reducing the progression of symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • an Adjunctive Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • UTIs are bacterial infections in the urinary system. (wiserxcard.com)
  • Who Gets Urinary Tract Infections? (wiserxcard.com)
  • Incontinence can result from a variety of factors, including urinary tract infections (UTI), vaginal infection or irritation, or constipation. (palsbuys.com)
  • Women experience more urinary tract infections (UTIs) than men for many reasons, and self-catheterisation can increase the risk. (hollister.co.uk)
  • Kris has been experiencing urinary tract infections (UTIs) since his spinal cord injury in 2017. (hollister.co.uk)
  • It's important to find an intermittent catheter that fits your body and lifestyle, and also helps protect against urinary tract infections (UTIs). (hollister.co.uk)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) , more common in women, can irritate the bladder and cause strong urges to release urine. (nationalincontinence.com)
  • Persistent lower urinary infections can increase the risk of prostate conditions through inflammation and oxidative stress. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • The common cause is usually diabetes, but this may be caused by infections through Lyme disease, Vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperthyroidism, cancer, etc., to name a few. (extremehealthguides.com)
  • Upper and Lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, sexually transmitted diseases, middle ear infections. (studystack.com)
  • The treatment for urinary infections often depends on the severity of the infection and the organism causing the infection, and may include fluid therapy, urinary acidifiers, and/or antibiotics. (nevc.com)
  • In addition to leakage, urine left in the bladder can lead to urinary tract infections due to the growth of bacteria as well as bladder stones. (unitedurology.com)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacterial infections and can lead to bladder inflammation and irritation. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Bacterial infections in the urinary tract can cause bladder inflammation and irritation, leading to conditions like UTIs. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Although our Memphis vets don't often see urinary tract infections in cats, older cats can experience a number of other urinary tract issues that cause similar symptoms. (southwindvets.com)
  • Here we explain some of the most common symptoms, causes and treatments for urinary tract infections and diseases in cats. (southwindvets.com)
  • Urinary tract issues are often seen in cats, but our feline friends are much more prone to urinary tract disease than infections. (southwindvets.com)
  • That said, when cats do develop urinary tract infections it is often the case that they also suffer from endocrine diseases, such as hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus, and most of these cats are 10 years of age or older. (southwindvets.com)
  • The most common symptoms of urinary tract infections in cats include straining to urinate, reduced amounts of urine, not urinating at all, pain or discomfort when urinating, passing urine tinged with blood and urinating around the house, outside of the litter box. (southwindvets.com)
  • What are the symptoms of urinary tract infections or FLUTD in Cats? (southwindvets.com)
  • That is why all common men's urology problems are the circumstances of urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate problems, bladder diseases, etc. (viabestbuys.com)
  • In patients with type 2 diabetes, the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors has been associated with an increased incidence of urogenital infections, which may be linked to high glucose levels in the urine. (bvsalud.org)
  • When four trials investigating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in populations including both diabetic and non-diabetic patients were considered, administration of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients was associated with significantly higher odds of genital infections but not urinary tract infections compared to patients without type 2 diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The highly pathogenic avian influenza is a highly contagious disease affecting wild birds and poultry with occasional infections in human. (who.int)
  • certain localized infections - see body system-related chapters infectious and parasitic diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium [except obstetrical tetanus] (O98. (who.int)
  • The normal function of the urinary bladder is to store and expel urine in a coordinated, controlled fashion. (medscape.com)
  • Inability to hold urine - urinary incontinence is an example of where the age limit for women has dropped to about 40 year of life. (com.hr)
  • Urinary incontinence is an uncontrolled leakage of urine that stems from a loss of bladder control. (rochesterregional.org)
  • Urinary incontinence occurs when a person accidentally releases urine. (palsbuys.com)
  • Urine can leak when the muscles in and around the bladder do not work properly, resulting in urinary incontinence. (palsbuys.com)
  • The definition of urinary incontinence in women is the unintentional loss of urine. (hdkino.org)
  • Urinary incontinence is the involuntary and unintentional leaking of urine. (hdkino.org)
  • The urinary system or the renal system is composed of organs (kidney, bladder), tubes (ureter, urethra), muscles, and nerves that work together to filter store and carry urine. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Urine transport follows the urinary tract through the kidneys, ureters, bladder to the urethra. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • This pressure is the cause of BPH induced urinary symptoms, including painful urination, weak urine flow, frequent urination, difficulty starting, and stopping urinating. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Possible urinary symptoms of prostate cancer include difficulty starting to urinate or emptying the bladder, weak urine flow, dribbling, blood in the urine, and sudden urge to urinate. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Urinary incontinence is the accidental release of urine. (healthwise.net)
  • From urinary incontinence - involuntary leakage of urine affects millions of women. (typepad.com)
  • Diseases such as kidney disease and diabetes are more common in cats older than 10 years of age, and alter the acidity and concentration of the urine - as a result, these cats are at higher risk of infection. (nevc.com)
  • Urinary incontinence is leaking of urine that you can't control. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • Bladder control problems range from urinating too frequently to actual urine leakage, or urinary incontinence. (unitedurology.com)
  • BPH causes a number of urinary symptoms including weak urine stream, urinary urgency and leakage, frequent urination, nocturia, as well as overactive bladder. (unitedurology.com)
  • Bladder diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the bladder, which is a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores and releases urine. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • A urine sample may be tested for the presence of bacteria, blood, or other abnormalities that could indicate a bladder disease. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Urodynamic testing measures the bladder's ability to hold and release urine, helping to diagnose conditions like urinary incontinence or bladder obstruction. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) Argininevasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) is a lack of the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) that causes excessive production of very dilute urine (polyuria). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine because the kidney tubules fail to respond to vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and are unable to reabsorb. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The urinary tract performs the role of a draining mechanism to move away urine out of a body. (viabestbuys.com)
  • Urine consists of water and wastes and the urinary tract includes kidneys, bladder and ureters. (viabestbuys.com)
  • To get rid of urine, the urinary tract system has to work altogether in a normal and correct way. (viabestbuys.com)
  • Urinary Tract Infection can happen anywhere in the urinary tract. (wiserxcard.com)
  • Incontinence can be a short-term problem caused by a urinary tract infection , a medicine, or constipation. (healthwise.net)
  • Some health problems can be short-term, like a urinary tract infection or constipation, and can cause temporary incontinence . (nih.gov)
  • For example, uroliths and diabetes can increase the risk of urinary tract infection. (nevc.com)
  • Urinary tract infection is a relatively common cause of FLUTD in older cats, followed by uroliths. (nevc.com)
  • If your four-legged friend is displaying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (see below) and is diagnosed with an infection such as cystitis your veterinarian will prescribe an antibacterial to help fight your cat's UTI. (southwindvets.com)
  • If your vet is unable to determine the cause of your cat's FLUTD, your kitty may be diagnosed with a urinary tract infection called cystitis which is inflammation of the bladder. (southwindvets.com)
  • Urinary sphincter damage caused by prostate surgery or a pelvic fracture is the most common cause of stress incontinence in men. (palsbuys.com)
  • Lung diseases that cause coughing, such as emphysema and cystic fibrosis, can also contribute to stress incontinence in both men and women. (palsbuys.com)
  • Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
  • The bladder is an organ that is part of the urinary system, along with the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. (palsbuys.com)
  • Following ejaculation, sperm travel from the spermatic cord to the prostate and empties into the urethra. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes a variety of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra of cats. (nevc.com)
  • One possible cause of FLUTD is the formation of urinary stones, also called uroliths, in the bladder and/or urethra. (nevc.com)
  • The most serious problem associated with urinary function is when a cat's urethra becomes partly or totally blocked. (nevc.com)
  • Overview of Urinary Tract Symptoms Kidney and urinary tract disorders can involve one or both kidneys, one or both ureters, the bladder, or the urethra, and in men, the prostate, one or both testes, or the epididymis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As a result of dependence upon higher brain centers, certain lesions or diseases of the brain (eg, stroke, cancer, dementia) can result in a loss of voluntary control of the normal micturition reflex as well as symptoms such as urinary urgency. (medscape.com)
  • It can also be caused by infection of the brain or spinal cord, heavy metal poisoning, stroke, spinal cord injury, or major pelvic surgery. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • 50% higher among adults with fair or poor general health, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, diabetes, emphysema, heart disease, liver condition, or stroke than among those with those adults without the chronic condition. (cdc.gov)
  • It is the most common cause of lower urinary tract complications in men (Kok et al. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Weak muscles in the lower urinary tract . (healthwise.net)
  • If your cat is showing any of the symptoms listed above they may be suffering from a UTI but these symptoms could also be an indication of a feline lower urinary tract disease or FLUTD. (southwindvets.com)
  • Feline lower urinary tract disease - or FLUTD - is actually an umbrella term that refers to numerous clinical symptoms. (southwindvets.com)
  • What are the causes of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease? (southwindvets.com)
  • If you believe that your feline friend may be having problems with their lower urinary tract, contact your vet right away, especially if your cat is straining to urinate or crying out in pain. (southwindvets.com)
  • This book introduce neurourology as an emerging interdisciplinary area that covers the basic and clinical studies of the neural control on the normal lower urinary tract and the lower/upper urinary tract dysfunction due to neuropathy disorders. (booksmedicos.org)
  • Urinary symptoms are associated with the genitourinary syndrome of menopause which is characterized by physical changes of the vulva, vagina and lower urinary tract. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection prevention strategies (e.g., vaccination, reducing transmission of pathogens in health care environments, and appropriate management of chronic diseases) are likely to have a substantial impact on reducing sepsis. (cdc.gov)
  • The combination of fluticasone and Salmeterol is used to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties caused by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (studystack.com)
  • Chronic urinary retention means that youve had the condition for a longer period of time. (healthybladderclub.com)
  • Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition that causes bladder pain and discomfort and can lead to frequent urination and urinary urgency. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic abnormality of hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells) characterized by sickle (crescent)-shaped red blood cells and chronic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intramuscular diaphragm stimulation for ventilator-dependent chronic respiratory failure from high spinal cord injuries should only be used with special arrangements for clinical governance, consent, and audit or research. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidence-based recommendations on difelikefalin (Kapruvia) for pruritus in adults with chronic kidney disease having haemodialysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although SGLT2 inhibitors have been initially employed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, their clinical use was later extended to the treatment of other conditions such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease and obesity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease, especially among children. (who.int)
  • Although asthma has a relatively low fatality rate compared to other chronic diseases, according to WHO estimates, 300 million people suffer from asthma and 255 000 people died of asthma in 2005. (who.int)
  • Persons with chronic conditions are more likely to have untreated dental disease, which can result in tooth loss. (cdc.gov)
  • But this topic focuses on ongoing urinary incontinence. (healthwise.net)
  • Infection of your cat's urinary tract with bacteria, fungi, parasites or possibly even viruses can cause signs of FLUTD. (nevc.com)
  • If an infection is found, your veterinarian will probably look for another disease or problem that may have put your cat at risk of infection. (nevc.com)
  • Other conditions that result in poor bowel control are inflammatory bowel disease, laxative abuse, parasitic infection, and toxins. (medscape.com)
  • Often the first line therapy for patients that have urinary urgency, frequency and leakage from neurogenic bladder (usually the spastic kind) is the use of several medicines known as anti-cholinergic medicines. (summiturologygroup.com)
  • Urinary Urgency A compelling need to urinate (urgency), which may feel like almost constant painful straining (tenesmus), can be caused by bladder irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The condition can cause painful urination, a frequent or urgent need to urinate ( urinary incontinence ). (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • The risk of life-threatening diseases increase if bacteria transfers into the blood through infected kidney. (wiserxcard.com)
  • Older age, major depression, urinary incontinence, medical comorbidity, and operative vaginal delivery were significantly associated with increased odds of fecal incontinence. (medscape.com)
  • In most studies, no significant improvement in urinary symptoms was observed in patients treated with local estrogens, although they showed to be helpful in improving vaginal symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The urinary sphincter also may be affected, resulting in sphincter underactivity or overactivity and loss of sphincter coordination with bladder function. (medscape.com)
  • When urination is appropriate, the brain removes its suppression of the PMC via the periaqueductal gray matter, allowing the urinary sphincter to open and the detrusor to contract and empty the bladder. (medscape.com)
  • In neurogenic bladder, the function of the urinary sphincter can also be effected. (summiturologygroup.com)
  • Sphincteric function can be incompetent leading to urinary leakage or the sphincter can be spastic and unable to relax causing some patients to be dependant upon catheterization. (summiturologygroup.com)
  • Surgical treatments include male urethral slings, artificial urinary sphincter, or urethral bulking. (unitedurology.com)
  • Certain diseases and conditions that damage nerves can lead to urinary incontinence, such as diabetes. (unitedurology.com)
  • Overactive bladder (OAB) causes sudden, strong urges to urinate and can lead to urinary incontinence. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • When there is preservation of sensation and/or motor activity below the neurological level of insult that includes the lowest sacral segments (S4-S5), the injury is termed incomplete. (dovepress.com)
  • Associated symptoms can include urinary hesitancy, weak urinary stream, increased urinary frequency, or excessive urination overnight. (rochesterregional.org)
  • You're more prone to get UTI if your immune system is weak due to an autoimmune disease or diabetes. (wiserxcard.com)
  • Weak bladder muscles, overactive bladder muscles, and nerve damage may also cause urinary incontinence in women. (hdkino.org)
  • People perceive this signal (bladder fullness) as a sudden desire to urinate, or urinary urge. (medscape.com)
  • Urinary retention is a condition where your bladder doesnt empty all the way or at all when you urinate. (healthybladderclub.com)
  • Bladder prolapse is a condition where the bladder drops down into the vagina and can cause urinary incontinence and discomfort. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • The central nervous system comprises your brain and spinal cord, whereas your peripheral nervous system comprises all the other nerves throughout the body. (extremehealthguides.com)
  • The spinal cord is the bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of the back, and damage to these nerves disrupts how the brain and body communicate. (nihr.ac.uk)
  • Autonomic nerve damage will damage the nerves controlling involuntary functions like breathing, heart contractions, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and even sexual function. (extremehealthguides.com)
  • Problems or damage either in the urinary tract or in the nerves that control urination. (healthwise.net)
  • Women are more likely to develop bladder diseases like UTIs and bladder prolapse, while men are more likely to develop bladder cancer. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Pregnancy , childbirth , and menopause may contribute to urinary incontinence in women. (hdkino.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence and other urinary symptoms tend to be frequent at menopause because of hormonal modifications and aging. (bvsalud.org)
  • Urinary incontinence, also known as overactive bladder, is more common in older people, particularly women than it is in younger ones. (palsbuys.com)
  • Overactive bladder, or OAB, is a group of symptoms rather than a specific disease. (unitedurology.com)
  • [ 1 ] Neurogenic bladder is a term applied to urinary bladder malfunction due to neurologic dysfunction emanating from internal or external trauma, disease, or injury. (medscape.com)
  • Explore six types of urinary incontinence, including those related to neurogenic bladder. (hollister.co.uk)
  • The many causes of neurogenic bladder include spinal cord injury and neurologic diseases. (summiturologygroup.com)
  • There are a multitude of neurologic diseases that can lead to neurogenic bladder. (summiturologygroup.com)
  • Urinary incontinence occurs more often in women than in men. (hdkino.org)
  • Urinary incontinence occurs more often in women than in men, and it is a lot more common than you might expect. (hdkino.org)
  • Two urinary valves control urination at two key points: the bladder neck (inflow valve) and below the prostate (outflow vale). (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Though not all urinary symptoms are due to prostate conditions, keeping a healthy prostate reduces the risk of urinary complications. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Research is ongoing to discover new and better treatments for urinary incontinence in women. (hdkino.org)
  • The acute form of urinary retention is an emergency. (healthybladderclub.com)
  • Critical care nurses provide care to patients with serious, complex, and acute illnesses or injuries that require very close monitoring and extensive medication protocols and therapies. (comparetopschools.com)
  • According to National Association for Continence (NAFC), Over 33 million Americans suffer from some form of urinary incontinence or bladder condition, a problem that many people find embarrassing. (palsbuys.com)
  • What are the types of Urinary Incontinence? (palsbuys.com)
  • There are different types of urinary incontinence, each with distinct symptoms and causes. (hollister.co.uk)
  • Mixed incontinence - This is a combination of any of the above types of urinary incontinence. (unitedurology.com)
  • In males, they usually involve the reproductive organs or the urinary tract. (viabestbuys.com)
  • Incontinence can happen for several reasons, such as the muscles not working with the body's urinary system as they should or when those muscles relax without warning. (rochesterregional.org)
  • As the body ages, most muscles tend to stretch or weaken - including the ones helping the urinary system function. (rochesterregional.org)
  • Causes of urinary incontinence primary cause of stress urinary incontinence in women is the weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. (typepad.com)
  • There are surgical methods for treating urinary incontinence, but they are not always effective in the long run (since there is a further weakening the pelvic floor muscles after reconstructive surgery). (typepad.com)
  • Treatment of mild to moderate dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. (studystack.com)
  • Bronchospam associated with asthma or other obstructive pulmonary disease, or induced by exercise. (studystack.com)
  • Women are more likely than men to develop urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth, or as a result of menopausal hormonal changes. (palsbuys.com)
  • METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting results of treatments for postmenopausal urinary urge incontinence. (bvsalud.org)
  • What causes Urinary Incontinence (UI)/ Bladder leaks? (palsbuys.com)
  • Prostate cancer increases the prostate gland's size over time and causes urinary symptoms that are similar to those in BPH. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • What causes urinary incontinence? (healthwise.net)
  • If you experience urinary incontinence or difficulty in completely emptying your bladder, consult with your doctor immediately. (wiserxcard.com)
  • Many men experience urinary symptoms as they age, which may be caused by prostate conditions like inflammation, BPH, or cancer. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • It starts enlarging around 25 years, but most men will not experience urinary difficulties until the age of 50. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • Surgery is an option in cases when the spinal fluid or tissue presses on the spinal cord. (nihr.ac.uk)
  • In fact, urinary incontinence is a problem to some degree for most men following prostate surgery and radical prostatectomy. (unitedurology.com)
  • Many millions of women worldwide suffer from both manifestations of this disease. (typepad.com)
  • Many American men and women suffer from urinary incontinence. (itstimetotalkaboutoab.org)
  • Because of the anatomical location of the prostate, prostate diseases can cause both urinary and sexual complications. (bensnaturalhealth.com)
  • It's important to consult a primary care provider if you suspect you may have a bladder disease, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes. (stlukeshealth.org)
  • Two decades ago, a wave of effectiveness trials demonstrating the enormous potential to reduce both diabetes and its complications gave a new stimulus to implementation research intended to find the best ways to translate, implement, and evaluate prevention through mediums of public health action.13 This burgeoning research portfolio largely used approaches that were limited by the available data infrastructures and study designs of the day. (cdc.gov)
  • There are often several available treatment options for urinary incontinence, ranging from medication to more invasive surgical treatments. (rochesterregional.org)
  • With simple changes and proper treatment, urinary incontinence can be improved. (nationalincontinence.com)
  • Physiotherapists (Physical therapists) are specialists who implement effective methods in the diagnosis and treatment of serious problems such as illnesses, injuries, disabilities. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Rehabilitation is a complementary treatment that helps restore or improve physical, mental and/or cognitive abilities lost due to an illness or injury or as a side effect of a treatment. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • Orthopedic physiotherapy is a part of the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases such as sprains, back and lower back pain, arthritis, strains, urinary incontinence , bursitis, posture problems, sports and workplace injuries, as well as decreased mobility. (healthandmedicine.net)
  • In a 1996 study of 63 patients treated for fecal incontinence secondary to obstetric injuries, the average cost of treatment per patient was $17,166. (medscape.com)
  • The treatment strategies for postmenopausal urinary incontinence are various and may include estrogens, anticholinergics, and pelvic floor muscle training. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for effective treatment of postmenopausal urinary incontinence is still lacking. (bvsalud.org)
  • The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) discharge diagnosis codes for severe sepsis (995.92) or septic shock (785.52) were used by hospitals to generate lists of potential cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal cord injuries to the cervical spinal cord are the most severe of all spinal cord injuries. (nihr.ac.uk)
  • Severe disease and death may result from a complication of pneumonia. (who.int)