VO2maxMaximal oxygen consPeakMeasurementKineticsAnaerobicAmount of oxygenRespirationNitrificationActivated sludgeCardiac outputLactateExposureExerciseTissuesMetabolicAmmoniumIntervalsGlucoseParameters measuredCarbonConcentrationReactiveEPOCRateTemperatureSignificantlyAlcoholProcessesMusclesMechanismAcuteEnergyActivationBloodBacteriaMaximumContentIntensityIncreaseReduceDescribesReleaseResultsPaceAreasMinutesStudyEffectsLevelsFuelFoundMainControl
VO2max3
- The main outcome of this component is the estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). (cdc.gov)
- Pmax (Watt) depends on energy consumption and the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). (techstartups.com)
- Also known as "maximal oxygen consumption," "peak oxygen intake," and "maximal oxygen uptake," VO2max is the metric that best describes your personal cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels, research tells us. (runnersblueprint.com)
Maximal oxygen cons2
- It is also known as maximal oxygen consumption, peak oxygen uptake, maximal aerobic capacity, or maximal oxygen uptake. (norwiski.com)
- The aerobic system (maximal oxygen consumption and kinetics of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise). (uninsubria.eu)
Peak3
- Using baseline data from the Prospective Evaluation of Elastic Restraint to Lessen the Effects of Heart Failure (PEERLESS-HF) trial, we describe the coefficient of variation (CV) for peak oxygen uptake (Vo2) and other parameters measured during a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test. (nih.gov)
- There was no effect on plasma lipids or uric acid, but there was a lower glucose and insulin peak concentration after consumption of the FVPD compared with the sugar-matched control. (cambridge.org)
- These tests were performed at an intensity equivalent to each participant's peak oxygen consumption rate, and the percentage of peak oxygen uptake obtained during each interview was measured. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Measurement2
- With swimming, however, sometimes stroke rate and speed are used to calculate economy, as a direct measurement of oxygen uptake is difficult to achieve. (220triathlon.com)
- Errors with the Fick CO result from a leaky gas collection apparatus, inaccuracies in the measurement of inhaled and exhaled oxygen concentrations (these are particularly common when high levels of oxygen are used), and from errors in the calculations and/or measurements of blood oxygen contents. (medscape.com)
Kinetics2
- According to Landkind, results showed that compared to placebo, subjects taking LK-01 were able to reach significantly higher percentage of oxygen uptake during work intervals, and because the product was consumed shortly before performing these tests, the researchers attribute these results to an acute effect the product has on oxygen uptake kinetics. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- knowledge of oxidative metabolism, in particular the concept of kinetics of adaptation of oxygen consumption and its applications in the pathophysiological field (myopathies). (uninsubria.eu)
Anaerobic4
- Results showed a significant increase in the workload at anaerobic threshold after six days of beetroot juice consumption, compared with baseline control values. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Aerobic metabolism is dependent on oxygen and utilized during distance trainings, taking up a lot more energy from the skier, as compared to anaerobic metabolism, by breaking down body fats instead of glucose. (norwiski.com)
- Anaerobic metabolism is triggered when the pace or intensity of the activity increases, and essentially means that the body's oxygen demand is greater than its supply, as the body finds it hard to cope with such demand. (norwiski.com)
- Zone two (or level two) is defined as the general endurance zone as the anaerobic energy consumption is increased gradually. (norwiski.com)
Amount of oxygen4
- Simply put, it's the maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during exercise, and is measured in liters per minute (L/min) or milliliters per minute per kilogram of body weight (mL/min/kg). (runnersblueprint.com)
- The amount of oxygen taken up by the test item (corrected for uptake by blank inoculum, run in parallel) was expressed as a percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD). (europa.eu)
- It's typically quantified by measuring the amount of oxygen that's consumed when moving at a given pace or power output. (220triathlon.com)
- Oxygen depletion occurs when the oxygen uptake at the bottom exceeds the amount of oxygen brought to the deeper water layers via currents and mixing by the wind. (spacedaily.com)
Respiration3
- Warmer conditions reduce the solubility of oxygen from the atmosphere and increase oxygen consumption because the biological respiration processes are boosted. (spacedaily.com)
- Biodegradation (the breakdown and removal of organic carbon and ammonia), Growth (growth and multiplication of the bacteria, which results in new biomass) and Respiration (oxygen consumption that provides the energy that the bacteria require for growth). (strathkelvin.com)
- Oxygen respiration, nutrient fluxes and excretion rates were determined. (mdpi.com)
Nitrification3
- As the COD implicitly covers the oxygen demand for the nitrification process, there was no need to take additional correction measures into account. (europa.eu)
- Inhibitory characteristics of different substances are usually evaluated based on testing the impact of respective substance on activated sludge nitrification or oxygen uptake rates. (iwaponline.com)
- Achieved validation characteristics were similar with ISO Standards estimating activated sludge nitrification and oxygen uptake rates, which proves the reliability of the method: standard deviation, 95.4% confidence level, relative standard deviation were calculated to be 2.2 mg L −1 , 1.2 … 9.8 mg L −1 and 39.2%, respectively. (iwaponline.com)
Activated sludge1
- The reference substance shows an EC50 in the specified range (usual range of EC50 of the last 20 values in the laboratory was 6.0 - 14.1 mg/L). The used activated sludge which was collected from the same waste water treatment plant showed a maximum oxygen consumption of 36.8 mg/g*h and minimum oxygen consumption of 14.5 mg/g*h of the last 20 measurements. (europa.eu)
Cardiac output3
- Since the cardiac output was similar between the conditions, the reduction of Pmax was primarily driven by the observed reduction of the arterio-venous oxygen content (avDO2). (techstartups.com)
- These include increased blood, stroke and heart volume, oxygen uptake, enhanced optimum cardiac output, increased capillary density, increased mitochondria density, increased activity of citric acid cycle enzymes, and a lowered resting heart rate. (norwiski.com)
- The Fick principle, as applied to cardiac output, relies on the recognition that the total uptake of oxygen by the peripheral tissues is equal to the product of the blood flow to the peripheral tissues and the arterial-venous oxygen concentration difference. (medscape.com)
Lactate3
- citation needed] However, direct and indirect calorimeter experiments have definitively disproven any association of lactate metabolism as causal to an elevated oxygen uptake. (wikipedia.org)
- They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
- Zone one (or level one) is the easiest for aerobic endurance purposes and requires 60 percent of a person's maximum heart rate, 50 percent of his maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), or a blood lactate level at 2.0 mmol or lower. (norwiski.com)
Exposure3
- In addition, S1P exposure increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in wild-type astrocytes and reduced OCRs in S1P 2 -null astrocytes, implicating receptor selective metabolic consequences of S1P-mediated glutamate uptake inhibition. (eneuro.org)
- Modeling of inhalation exposure to vapors: Uptake, distribution and elimination. (cdc.gov)
- Particular attention is given to (d) the role of physical exercise in attenuating acute stress, with exploration of potential mechanisms through which exercise may reduce unhealthy food and drink consumption subsequent to stressor exposure. (mdpi.com)
Exercise10
- Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC, informally called afterburn) is a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity. (wikipedia.org)
- In recovery, oxygen (EPOC) is used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed. (wikipedia.org)
- Post-exercise oxygen consumption replenishes the phosphagen system. (wikipedia.org)
- Effect of physical exercise on uptake, distribution and elimination of vapors in man. (cdc.gov)
- The vegetable juice's nitrate content may reduce oxygen uptake to an extent that cannot be achieved by any other known means, making exercise less tiring, according to findings published in the Journal of Applied Physiology (doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- It's like the secret code of the fitness world - something to do with oxygen use during exercise, but what does it really mean? (runnersblueprint.com)
- When you exercise , your body needs oxygen to produce energy. (runnersblueprint.com)
- When you reach your VO2 Max during exercise, it means you've hit your body's maximum capacity for delivering oxygen to your muscles , which can feel like trying to squeeze water from a dry sponge. (runnersblueprint.com)
- During low-intensity exercise with a constant power output, oxygen uptake increases for the first few minutes until a steady state of uptake is reached. (nsca.com)
- During one visit, they performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill to measure their maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max). (acefitness.org)
Tissues3
- Uptake of solvents in the blood and tissues of man: A review. (cdc.gov)
- Oxygen uptake (or consumption) is a measure of a person's ability to take in oxygen and deliver it to the working tissues, and the ability of working tissues to use oxygen. (nsca.com)
- The uptake of local anesthetics in different tissues in the body is quantitatively very high, and saturation of the tissues is a slow procedure. (bmj.com)
Metabolic1
- This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer. (researchgate.net)
Ammonium2
- The ASP-Con overcomes this by measuring other factors simultaneously such as pH, Ammonium, Dissolved Oxygen, MLSS and Settlement all of which are combined to determine an in-basin measure of toxicity. (strathkelvin.com)
- Individual ammocoete incubations suggested that biomass-specific oxygen consumption and ammonium, reactive phosphorus and silica excretion were size-dependent, and greater in small compared to large individuals. (mdpi.com)
Intervals3
- Degradation was followed by the determination of oxygen uptake and measurements were taken at frequent intervals to allow the identification of the beginning and end of biodegradation and the slope of the biodegradation curve. (europa.eu)
- The oxygen uptake was calculated from the readings taken at regular and frequent intervals, using the method given by the manufacturer of the equipment. (europa.eu)
- Following time-to-exhaustion interval tests, the salidroside product was associated with significantly higher percentage of oxygen uptake during work intervals, compared to placebo. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Glucose7
- higher levels of glucose in the presence of oxygen with an associated increase in lacta te production. (researchgate.net)
- This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
- DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
- Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
- Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
- DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
- 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Parameters measured1
Carbon3
- On the other hand, no statistically significant effects were observed for oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), or pulmonary ventilation (VE). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Far beneath the surface of the ocean, deep currents act as conveyer belts, channeling heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients around the globe. (spacedaily.com)
- Inland waters constitute a recently discovered net source of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, representing a flux that may be of the same order of magnitude as the net carbon uptake by the oceans, or of the terrestrial carbon sink. (lu.se)
Concentration1
Reactive1
- Caffeine and its metabolites have antioxidant activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species. (karger.com)
EPOC1
- EPOC is accompanied by an elevated consumption of fuel. (wikipedia.org)
Rate5
- Economical cars use less fuel per mile, just as an economical athlete uses less fuel (in terms of oxygen) to swim, cycle or run at a given rate. (220triathlon.com)
- The model was applied to orange juice aseptically packaged in Tetra Brik Aseptic cartons, during storage of up to 5 months at 4, 8, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. The parameters of the model, the oxygen mass transfer coefficient and the rate constant of consumption reactions, were estimated by fitting the model to the experimental data. (ku.dk)
- The value of the rate constant estimated for the system tested in this work, was three orders of magnitude greater than the value of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. (ku.dk)
- Measuring the Oxygen uptake rate of aerobic organisms is the simplest way to determine the activity level of the sample. (strathkelvin.com)
- The muscles cry out for oxygen and fuel creating a demand for blood - hence the heart rate increases and the lungs work harder. (bionicgym.com)
Temperature1
- We analysed data for the water temperature, oxygen content and salinity stretching back for 115 years. (spacedaily.com)
Significantly2
- In addition, the aerobic energy cost was significantly reduced after beetroot juice consumption. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- In the chronic intervention study FVPD consumption was found to significantly increase dietary carotenoids ( P =0·001) and vitamin C ( P =0·003). (cambridge.org)
Alcohol2
- 2010), while the behavioral factors include physical inactivity/sedentary living, poor diet, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. (acefitness.org)
- The order of the tests was randomized to prevent an "order effect," the participants were instructed to avoid the consumption of alcohol or caffeine for at least 24 hours before each assessment, and there was a minimum of 48 hours between visits to the lab. (acefitness.org)
Processes1
- Oxygen consumption under controlled conditions is also fundamental measure of organism health and depending on the test methodology used can give insights into many different aspects of the processes underway. (strathkelvin.com)
Muscles3
- While Nordic skiing, the faster you ski the harder it gets on your muscles as they require more oxygen to keep up with the pace. (norwiski.com)
- After all, who doesn't want more oxygen flowing to their muscles, right? (runnersblueprint.com)
- The better your muscles can utilize oxygen from your blood, the better you can perform. (runnersblueprint.com)
Mechanism2
- The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
- The actual mechanism of uptake is not known. (bmj.com)
Acute3
- Two randomised controlled cross-over intervention studies investigating the effects of chronic and acute consumption of commercially-available fruit- and vegetable-puree-based drinks (FVPD) on bioavailability, antioxidant status and CVD risk factors are described. (cambridge.org)
- There was a trend towards increased vasodilation following both chronic and acute FVPD consumption. (cambridge.org)
- 0·05) of acute FVPD consumption in individuals with the GG variant of the eNOS gene. (cambridge.org)
Energy5
- This zone signifies that the body is on aerobic energy mode almost fully, with oxygen being readily available. (norwiski.com)
- There is this resonant frequency of around 7-8Hz where the muscle fibers contract and relax optimizing energy consumption. (bionicgym.com)
- This study examined the reliability and accuracy of the AMP 331, along with construction of prediction equations for oxygen consumption and energy cost. (humankinetics.com)
- Statistically significant differences exist in inter-AMP unit reliability for speed and step length and in accuracy between the AMP units and criterion measures for speed, oxygen consumption, and energy cost. (humankinetics.com)
- Prediction equations constructed for walking oxygen uptake and energy expenditure demonstrated R 2 between 0.76 to 0.90 and between subject deviations were 1.53 mL O 2 · kg -1 · min −1 and 0.43 kcal/min. (humankinetics.com)
Activation1
- Here, we show that astrocytic S1P 2 activation by S1P results in glutamate uptake inhibition to promote excitotoxic damage. (eneuro.org)
Blood2
- As blood circulates, oxygen attaches to hemoglobin in the lungs and is carried to cells throughout the body. (livestrong.com)
- Pregnant women who smoke rob their unborn children of oxygen both through restricted uptake in the lungs and inadequate hemoglobin in the blood. (livestrong.com)
Bacteria2
- When the oxygen content in the bottom water reaches a low point, the only survivors are ultimately bacteria that live on and in the seabed. (spacedaily.com)
- This is partly because the seabed turns into a 'desert' inhabited only by bacteria that can survive without or with very low amounts of oxygen. (spacedaily.com)
Maximum1
- VO2 Max is the maximum volume (V) of Oxygen (O2) consumption which is measured during exercises that have an incremental increase in intensity. (norwiski.com)
Content1
- The deepest areas of the Baltic Sea have always had a low oxygen content. (spacedaily.com)
Intensity1
- Fifteen young (aged 20-30 years) men performed 2 bouts of 30-min ECC (ECC1 and ECC2) at 60% of maximal CON power output and 2 bouts of 30-min CON at the same intensity as that of ECC (CON1), and at the same oxygen consumption as that of ECC (CON2) every 2 weeks. (edu.au)
Increase1
- Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), muscle strength and mass, and flexibility are all reduced, while total body mass and fat mass increase (Tuna et al. (acefitness.org)
Reduce1
- Trehalose can reduce the damage of SH-SY5Y cells caused by oxygen and sugar deprivation. (ijpsonline.com)
Describes1
- Absolute VO2 Max is expressed in liters per minute and describes the total volume of oxygen you consume per minute. (runnersblueprint.com)
Release1
- Of particular interest is the high and very rapid uptake and release of local anesthetics in the lung. (bmj.com)
Results2
- This results in an effective stratification of the water column, which prevents the mixing of water masses necessary to transfer oxygen to the water at the bottom. (spacedaily.com)
- The results in this study were consistent with the validity criteria with one exception: oxygen uptake in the blank controls (europa.eu)
Pace1
- Improvements in economy are evident when oxygen consumption at a given pace/power is reduced after a period of training. (220triathlon.com)
Areas2
- After several years of discussions, researchers from Aarhus University (Denmark), Lund University (Sweden) and Stockholm University (Sweden) have determined that nutrients from the land are the main cause of widespread areas of oxygen depletion. (spacedaily.com)
- During the last century, the areas of oxygen depletion have increased drastically from approximately 5,000 km2 in around 1900 to the present day, where they extend to 60,000 km2 - or about one and a half times the total area of Denmark. (spacedaily.com)
Minutes1
- In the study, 50 male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 years were given either placebo or LK-01 Pure Salidroside daily, performing time-to-exhaustion interval tests thirty minutes after consumptions. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Study1
- Shiue, I 2014, ' Breakfast consumption is not associated with hypertension until via physical fitness: East of England Healthy Hearts Study, 2006-2011 ', International Journal of Cardiology , vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 282-284. (hw.ac.uk)
Effects3
- Here, S1P receptor knock-out mice, primary astrocyte cultures, and receptor-selective chemical tools were used to examine the effects of S1P on glutamate uptake. (eneuro.org)
- We were amazed by the effects of beetroot juice on oxygen uptake because these effects cannot be achieved by any other known means, including training. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- Cannabis can be consumed in different ways, with method of consumption and cannabinoid composition modulating the drug's effects. (gssiweb.org)
Levels1
- Extracellular glutamate is excitotoxic and its levels are controlled by astrocyte uptake. (eneuro.org)
Fuel1
- In this case, your body is the engine, and the oxygen is the fuel. (runnersblueprint.com)
Found1
- The O2 in VO2 is the chemical formula for oxygen in its most stable state, the type of oxygen found in the air we breathe . (runnersblueprint.com)
Main1
- On the basis of this analysis, we can determine that the many nutrients from the land are the main cause of the widespread oxygen depletion," says Professor Jacob Carstensen, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University. (spacedaily.com)
Control1
- Human SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups includes control group (control), model group (oxygen and sugar deprivation) and experimental group (oxygen and sugar deprivation+trehalose). (ijpsonline.com)