• Of note, we observed that MAPCAs differentially express several genes at much higher levels than either PA or aorta.MAPCAs differ from PA or aorta by significantly altered levels in gene expression, suggesting a transcriptional basis for their physiology that will guide a further understanding of the pathobiology of MAPCAs and TOF. (stanford.edu)
  • Those that are indirectly controlled by SigB do not have a SigB PBM and can either be controlled via SigB-dependent genes/proteins or regulated by other transcriptional regulators [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further studies in vitro demonstrated that deletion of 1.8-kb mRNA significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the bi-directional promoter between 1.8-kb mRNA and pp38 genes of MDV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • op), a transcriptional fusion gene, was used to form lysogens in the wild-type, rpoH or/and rpoS mutants. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • All the previously identified E. coli FabR transcriptional target genes ( fabA , fabB and yqfA ) were shown to be direct S. Typhimurium FabR targets as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reactivation led to transcriptional initiation at the authentic cap sites of the late E2A promoter and was not associated with promoter demethylation, at least not in both DNA complements. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The methylated promoter was not demethylated, at least not in both complements, and it was shown that reactivation of the methylated promoter entailed transcriptional initiation at the authentic late E2A cap site. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Inside the nucleus, HER family members (EGFR, HER2, and HER3) have been shown to function as co-transcriptional activators for various cancer-promoting genes. (plos.org)
  • To understand how the B 1 and B 2 regions influenced the transcriptional functions of nuclear HER3, we performed cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase assays in which HER3 deleted of the B 1 and B 2 regions was severely hindered in regulating this promoter. (plos.org)
  • Promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) gene was analysed by transient transfection assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Putative in vivo CMV promoter-derived transcript produced from bicistronic plasmid pbetaGAL/5'(-162)/CAT which comprises beta galactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase as the first and the second cistron, respectively and the part of human XIAP mRNA (from nt -162 to nt -1 of the original sequence) mRNA. (iresite.org)
  • Part of the 5' UTR from human XIAP mRNA (from nt -162 to nt -1 of the original sequence) has been cloned between the beta galactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter genes. (iresite.org)
  • Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)
  • The genes/proteins with SigB-dependent expression are defined as the SigB regulon members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biotinylated proteins were affinity-purified for mass spectrometric analysis, and the candidate GRA proteins from BioID data set were identified by gene tagging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using NcGRA17-BirA* fusion protein as bait, we have identified some known GRAs and verified localization of 11 novel GRA proteins by gene endogenous tagging or overexpression in the Nc1 strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, there is limited information regarding the repertoire of effector proteins encoded within T6SS SPI-6 and T6SS SPI-19 gene clusters in S . Dublin. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of note, the genes encoding these effectors and immunity proteins are widely distributed in Salmonella genomes, suggesting a relevant role in interbacterial competition and virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • This position of the promoter permits positive selection and attenuated expression of fusion proteins with C-terminal tags. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion】 The expression trends of ADAMTS 1, PI 3 K and A k t genes and proteins were consistent and showed a positive correlation in ovary and granulosa cells of Mongolian sheep,suggested that ADAMTS 1 gene played an important role in twin birth of Mongolian sheep mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (chvm.net)
  • The inventors obtained mRNA from lactic acid-producing yeasts or yeasts growing in lactic acid-containing medium and conducted thorough gene expression analysis by a quantitative PCR method. (justia.com)
  • Both glucose and GLP-1 stimulate insulin promoter activity, stabilize proinsulin mRNA, and increase proinsulin biosynthesis ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The 1.8-kb mRNA was reported as one of the oncogenesis-related genes of Marek's disease virus (MDV). (biomedcentral.com)
  • mRNA transcripts correlated well to their βGal activity. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • These genes encode phosphoethanolamine transferases, which add a phosphoethanolamine group to the lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide, leading to gram-negative bacteria resistance to polymyxins ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Previously, we identified the M. smegmatis impA gene, which is predicted to encode an IMPase, and showed that inactivation of this gene resulted in an altered colony morphology, reduced levels of PI dimannoside (PIM2), and altered permeability of the cell wall. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • Following λ-red operon activity induction, a linear, double-stranded cassette encoding a selectable marker, such as antibiotic resistance, is transformed into the cells in place of the target gene and incorporated into the DNA behind a specific inducible promoter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)
  • Plasmids that are used most commonly in the field of recombinant DNA technology have been optimized for their use of studying and manipulating genes. (addgene.org)
  • The present invention relates to promoter DNAs in the presence of organic acids, DNA constructs, transformants, expression methods of a recombinant gene, and their uses in organic acid production methods. (justia.com)
  • With advances in recombinant DNA technology, techniques to obtain objective gene products have developed through expression of a foreign gene in hosts such as bacteria, fungi, animals, plants, and insects, and proliferation of the transformants. (justia.com)
  • For example, culture of recombinant yeasts allows production of large amounts of objective gene products by means of fermentative production. (justia.com)
  • Although such a stable high-level gene expression system has been established, a promoter with strong expression potency is needed to further increase the productivity of recombinant products. (justia.com)
  • Thus, an object of the invention is to provide promoters usable in the presence of an organic acid, DNA constructs having the promoters, transformants comprising the DNA constructs, expression methods of recombinant genes in the transformants, and production methods of organic acids using the transformants. (justia.com)
  • The use of recombinant DNA technologies is nowadays spread through most laboratories conducting research in life sciences and the applications, including gene expression systems, tend towards being more parallelized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bacteriophage λ-red operon consists of the exo, bet, and gam genes which, together, are responsible for recombineering. (wikipedia.org)
  • In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)
  • A perennial favorite is BBa_R0010, the promoter from the bacterial lac operon, and you're already familiar with BBa_R0085 from your protein engineering work since this part is the promoter recognized by the T7 RNA polymerase. (openwetware.org)
  • The interactions between AmtR and the promoter regions of the three operons were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). (frontiersin.org)
  • The promoter includes DNA with promoter activity of high osmolarity response 7 gene (HOR7 gene), glycelaldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase 2 gene (TDH2 gene), heat shock protein 30 gene (HSP30), hexose transport protein 7 gene (HXT7 gene), thioredoxin peroxidase 1 gene (AHP1 gene), or membrane protein 1 associated gene gene) of yeasts. (justia.com)
  • The inventors have already established a system to express an L-lactate dehydrogenase gene using an original promoter function of the foreign PDC1 gene and exclude the expression of PDC1 protein that is expressed by the original foreign promoter, by linking the objective valuable gene (L-lactate dehydrogenase gene in this case) in the downstream of chromosomal PDC1 promoter and disrupting the yeast chromosomal PDC1 gene simultaneously. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, such a promoter can be used to increase the production of organic acids by manipulatively associating protein genes involved in organic acid production. (justia.com)
  • losses in Molecular Biology: High Throughput Protein Expression and Purification, modelling A non-ignorable free Designing for Human Reliability: Human Factors rupture for academic and multivariate browser promoter in additional sets. (scoutconnection.com)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In contrast, the Fushi Tarazu homeodomain protein is an activator, both in cultured cells and in Drosophila embryos, where it activates several known target genes, including its own gene. (biologists.com)
  • More specifically, the present invention concerns altering tolerance in plants to various environmental stresses and to increasing seed yield by modifying plant haemoglobin gene expression and/or by modifying plant haemoglobin protein levels. (allindianpatents.com)
  • These findings implicated the E1A 289 amino acid residue protein of Ad2, a well-known transactivator, as the reactivating function of the endogenous, previously dormant, late E2A promoter-CAT gene assembly. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Each antibacterial effector gene is located upstream of a gene encoding a hypothetic immunity protein, thus conforming an effector/immunity (E/I) module. (frontiersin.org)
  • Objective】 This study was aimed to clone the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene in Cygnus olor and analyze its encoded protein by bioinformatics,so as to provide an important reference basis for further exploring the immune mechanism of TLR4 protein against pathogenic microorganisms in Cygnus olor . (chvm.net)
  • Method】 The sequence of TLR 4 gene CDS in Cygnus olor was amplified by PCR and cloned.NCBI-BLAST and Mega-X were used for sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree construction.The structure and function of TLR4 protein and its interaction with host protein were predicted using ProtParam,SWISS-MODEL,etc. (chvm.net)
  • Conclusion】 TLR4 gene in Cygnus olor was closely related to Anser anser and Anser cygnoides ,with obvious codon species selectivity,and contained 6 consecutive rare codons.TLR4 protein had transmembrane domains and signal peptides,and was closely related to innate immune response,signal transduction and stress response. (chvm.net)
  • The λ-red recombineering system was published in 1998 and allows for insertion, deletion, or mutations to E. coli genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the seven most-global regulators, together affecting expression of about half of all E. coli genes, two were previously shown to exert direct, positive control on gltBDF transcription: Lrp and IHF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, ChIP-chip identified a number of novel direct FabR targets (the intergenic regions between hpaR / hpaG and ddg / ydfZ ) and yet putative direct targets ( i.a. genes involved in tRNA metabolism, ribosome synthesis and translation). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of these targets were confirmed by gene overexpression or endogenous tagging in the Nc1 strain, thereby validating our approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A derivative that lacks this domain, while it cannot repress the endogenous fushi tarazu gene, can still reduce the activity of the fushi tarazu autoregulatory enhancer, suggesting that it competes with endogenous Fushi Tarazu for binding sites in vivo. (biologists.com)
  • this technique is able to establish point mutations, gene deletions, and short sequence insertions in several genomic loci with increased efficiency and time sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to isolate a particular gene from human chromosomal DNA, it would be necessary to isolate a sequence of a few hundred or few thousand basepairs from the entire human genome. (addgene.org)
  • The genetic element related to the mcr-2 gene and possibly involved in its acquisition is insertion sequence (IS) IS Ec69 . (cdc.gov)
  • Genes that are directly regulated by SigB contain a promotor binding motif (PBM) with a previously identified consensus sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inactivating effect of sequence-specific promoter methylations was extensively studied by using the late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Thus, the promoter that activates the transcription of operatively-associated DNA in the presence of an organic acid is useful to increase the objective gene product in the presence of an organic acid, in particular, those are useful to increase the objective product during the production of an organic acid. (justia.com)
  • NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A plasmid expressing flippase (FLP) can be transformed into the recombined cells, which can specifically cleave FLP recognition target sites (FRTs) flanking the antibiotic resistance gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)
  • That is, the inventors have obtained promoters that activate the transcription of an object gene during the production of organic acids and demonstrated that these promoters virtually increased the production of L-lactic acid, and thereby achieved the invention. (justia.com)
  • Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The involvement of Lrp is unusual in two respects: first, it is insensitive to the usual coregulator leucine, and second, Lrp binds more than 150 bp upstream of the transcription starting point. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ArgR also binds to the gltBDF promoter region, upstream of the Lrp binding sites, and decreases transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chlamydial inhibition of MHC class II expression is correlated with degradation of upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1, a constitutively and ubiquitously expressed transcription factor required for IFN-γ induction of class II transactivator (CIITA) but not of IRF-1 and ICAM-1. (silverchair.com)
  • The yeast promoters published include alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (ADH1) promoter (J Ferment Bioeng, 1998, Vol. 8 6(3) pp 284-289), triose phosphate isomerase gene (TPI1) promoter (FEMS Microbial Lett, 1999, Feb. Vol. 171 (2) pp 133-140), and the like. (justia.com)
  • Transposon vectors can be used in the frog for transgenesis and for insertional mutagenesis where enhancer trap and gene trap constructs are used to identify genomic loci involved in developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1988) Gene 67: 21-30), glutathione-S-transferase (Johnson (1989) Nature 338: 585-587), ubiquitin (Miller et al. (justia.com)
  • 1988. Reactivation of the methylation-inactivated late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 by E1A (13 S) functions. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • We identified a 213 bp segment of the viral genome that was capable of efficiently driving expression of the EP0 gene and a linked reporter gene upon transient transfection into Vero cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • While this successfully removes the selective marker from the genome, it leaves FRT scars in place of the target gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The modification of the three 5' CCGG 3' sequences at nucleotides +24, +6 and -215, relative to the cap site in this promoter, sufficed to silence the gene in transient expression either in Xenopus laevis oocytes or in mammalian cells, and after the fixation of the E2A promoter-chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase (CAT) gene construct in the genome of hamster cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • It has been recently shown that a second copy of IS Apl1 may be found downstream of the mcr-1 gene, therefore bracketing the 2.6-kb mcr-1 cassette and forming the composite transposon Tn 6330 , demonstrated to be functional and responsible for the transposition of mcr-1 ( 13 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Then, to disrupt the PDC1 gene on a yeast chromosome, an expression cassette having a L-lactate dehydrogenase gene in the downstream of these promoters was integrated into the PDC1 gene locus that had previously been mapped to the chromosome, and the production of large amounts of L-lactic acids was confirmed. (justia.com)
  • Phage λ gamma is necessary to inhibit E. coli nuclease activity and protect the transformed linear DNA in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is confirmed by showing that the in vivo activity of EFE depends on a domain that is required for active repression in culture. (biologists.com)
  • gene fusion was nearly identical to the clpQ + Y + transcript under the in vivo condition. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • The in vivo produced transcripts are heterogeneous (due to any of promoter? (iresite.org)
  • Next to UFA biosynthesis, a number of these direct targets and other indirect targets identified by transcriptomics (e.g. ribosomal genes, ompA , ompC , ompX , osmB , osmC, sseI ), could possibly contribute to the effect of FabR on biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion】 The PERP 1 gene had the function of promoting granulosa cell apoptosis,and regulating its expression was of great significance for follicular development. (chvm.net)
  • A mutant of M. smegmatis that essentially fails to produce mycothiol is viable, but grows poorly, and is sensitive to H2O2 [20] However, in M. tuberculosis the mshA and mshC genes, required for mycothiol biosynthesis, are essential genes [21, 22]. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • 40 Open group genes with progression toward disease.Failure of AV to close initiates an extensive response characterized by expression changes common to progression to calcific aortic valve disease. (stanford.edu)
  • We compared expression differences between pairs of the three vessels to determine whether MAPCAs display distinct expression patterns.Functional clustering analysis identified differences in gene expression, which were further analyzed by gene ontology classification. (stanford.edu)
  • Expression differences among vessel types were observed for multiple gene classes. (stanford.edu)
  • To achieve high productivity of the objective substance from recombinants, a stable high-level gene expression system must be established. (justia.com)
  • The inventors have disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application 2003-164295 that the use of this system overcomes conventional difficulties and allows stable high-level gene expression. (justia.com)
  • However, the ADH1 and TPI1 promoters are not necessarily appropriate specific and strong enough for expression for the production of large amounts of organic acids such as lactic acid. (justia.com)
  • It also increases insulin production by enhancing glucose-induced insulin gene expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We conclude that RpoH itself regulates clpQ + Y + gene expression. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Production of the fusion polypeptide involves the introduction of the hybrid gene into a biological host cell system, for example yeast cells, which permits the expression and accumulation of the fusion polypeptide. (justia.com)
  • It was demonstrated in transient expression experiments that the 5' CCGG 3'-methylated late E2A promoter was at least partly reactivated in cell lines constitutively expressing the E1 region of Ad2 or of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Objective】 This study was aimed to analyze the expression pattern of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) on PI3K/Akt pathway in ovary of twin and singleton Mongolian sheep at different stages of estrous cycle,and explore the mechanism of ADAMTS 1 gene influencing reproductive traits in Mongolian sheep. (chvm.net)
  • Since E1A and E1B jointly had a more pronounced effect, it was conceivable that genes in both regions acted together in the abrogation of the inhibitory effect of promoter methylations in the late E2A promoter. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes and can replicate independently from chromosomal DNA. (addgene.org)
  • The mcr-1 gene was carried on IncHI2 or IncP plasmid backbones. (cdc.gov)
  • The progressive global increase of antimicrobial drug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is worrisome, and adding to the concern is the recent discovery of the plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It will now be demonstrated that the inactivation of the late promoter of Ad2 DNA can be reversed by transactivating functions that are encoded in the 13S messenger RNA of the E1A region of Ad2 DNA. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
  • The mcr-1 (mobile colistin resistance 1) gene, which encodes phosphoethanolamine transferase, has been recently identified as a source of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Escherichia coli . (cdc.gov)
  • RNA-seq based identification and mutant validation of gene targets related to ethanol resistance in cyanobacterial Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of resistance mechanisms are responsible for the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and such mechanisms have been divided into genetic mutation occurred at a low frequency and acquisition of various genes mediated resistance to their host microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In light of efforts to map combinatorial gene dependencies at scale, choosing an efficient and robust CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease is of utmost importance. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we used gene knockout strains to validate the potential target genes related to ethanol tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We proceeded to functionally characterize NcGRA23 and NcGRA11 (a-e) by gene knockout. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sigma factor B (SigB) is the central regulator of the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis and regulates a group of genes in response to various stressors, known as the SigB regulon members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During thymocyte maturation, enhancers of genes encoding for TCRδ ( Tcrd ) and TCRα ( Tcra ), Eδ 8 , and Eα, work as a developmental switch controlling transition from Tcrd to Tcra activity at the Tcrad locus. (aai.org)
  • One such target gene is repressed by EFE even where Fushi Tarazu is not expressed, suggesting that the repression is active. (biologists.com)
  • The term 'negative selection' is used here to describe cloning systems with vectors that contain the ccdB cell-death gene which is replaced by the cloned insert, i.e . the selection eliminates the vector molecules without insert. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By analysing 5'-deletion mutants of the segment, a 48 bp segment (from nucleotide positions -65 to - 17), which possessed three Sp1 binding sites, was identified to be critical for the promoter activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The functionalities of selected representatives per category were assessed using promoter-reporter fusions in wt and Δ sigB mutants upon exposure to heat, ethanol, and salt stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normal Fushi Tarazu target genes are affected as they are in fushi tarazu mutants. (biologists.com)
  • The mcr-1 gene has often been identified from Escherichia coli strains recovered from pigs ( 3 , 5 - 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to investigate the potential of four microbes, Debaryomyces hansenii, Ruegeria mobilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis, to suppress Vibrio and increase survival, population growth and digestive enzyme activity (protease, lipase, and amylase) in the harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effect of disruption of the gene encoding a subunit of the NDH-1 complex was evaluated in the 1,3-PDO-producing strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent progresses in BAC cloning and mutagenesis technology make it possible to identify specific genes important for MDV replication and oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A subset of highly regulated genes was validated using quantitative PCR. (stanford.edu)
  • The analysis provided a list of gene targets for engineering ethanol tolerance in cyanobacterium Synechocystis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept of genes as carriers of phenotypic information was introduced in the early 19th century by Gregor Mendel, who later demonstrated the properties of genetic inheritance in peas. (addgene.org)
  • The genetic context of the mcr-1 gene always includes the mcr-1 cassette, as previously described ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We speculate that the emergence and further dissemination of the mcr-1 and - 2 genes occurred from pigs and that IS Apl and IS Ec69 , respectively, were the main genetic elements involved in that process. (cdc.gov)
  • are widespread in pigs ( 17 ), thus allowing speculation that the whole genetic process that originally led to the emergence of the mcr- like genes occurred in those animals. (cdc.gov)
  • With the use of this promoter, recombinants transformed to produce organic acids such as lactic acid in yeasts, including Saccharomyces , can be obtained by genetic engineering, and such recombinants are useful as those that have high productivity of organic acids. (justia.com)
  • These techniques are based upon the preparation of hybrid genes, i. e. genes comprising genetic material encoding the polypeptide of interest linked to genetic material additional to the gene of interest. (justia.com)
  • In recent years, these powerful genetic tools have been used in higher vertebrates for transgenesis, insertional mutagenesis, and gene therapy applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 255 genes were assigned to five categories (I-V) based on their similarity to the original SigB consensus sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activities of P ygaO and P ykaA (III) did not show evident changes under the conditions tested despite having a SigB PBM that highly resembled the consensus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Boontanom P, Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, Tan-ariya P, Leelayoova S: Improved sensitivity of PCR amplification of glutamate dehydrogenase gene for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in stool specimen. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • Interestingly, while both systems have been linked to virulence and host colonization in S . Dublin, an antibacterial activity has not been detected for T6SS SPI-6 in this serotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results showed that ethanol exposure induced genes involved in common stress responses, transporting and cell envelope modification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P ytoQ (II) showed SigB-dependent activity only upon exposure to ethanol, whereas P pucI (II) with a N 17 spacer and P ylaL (III) with a N 16 spacer showed mild induction regardless of heat/ethanol/salt stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P ywzA (III) and P yaaI (IV) displayed ethanol-specific SigB-dependent activities despite a lower-level conserved − 10 binding motif. (biomedcentral.com)