AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
Arytenoid CartilageLaryngeal CartilagesLaryngeal MusclesHoarsenessLarynxCricoid CartilageVocal Cord ParalysisLaryngeal DiseasesCartilageCartilage, ArticularLaryngeal NeoplasmsAirway ObstructionEpiglottisCartilage DiseasesLaryngoplastyAirway ResistanceLaryngeal MucosaPharynxThyroid CartilageLaryngoscopyPhonationStroboscopyLaryngeal NervesRespiratory SystemVoice DisordersHypopharynxGlottis
ThyroidObstructionTracheaEpiglottisMucosaLeft arytenoid cartilageVocal foldsIntubationLaryngoscopyTrachealLateralPosteriorAryepiglotticDislocationCorniculateRespiratoryEndotrachealHoarsenessDisplacementPharynxCricothyroidDifficult airway managementInjury to the cricoarytenoid jointSevere upper airwayBelow the larynxArticulationSuperiorlyRimaAnatomyAspirationStructuresSurgicalMusclesAbductionLateralizationLaryngeal cancerLungsLarynx and upperDorsalis muscleHyalineSesamoidResectionRecurrentEncirclesMuscular process
Thyroid23
Obstruction15
  • This can cause airway obstruction, which may be life-threatening. (wikipedia.org)
  • We present a case of rheumatoid arthritis in a 63-year-old woman who presented with acute upper airway obstruction. (ajnr.org)
  • In essence, this is an upper airway obstruction. (vin.com)
  • When there is an obstruction in the horse's upper airway (in this case, sides of the larynx) it causes turbulence and hence a roaring noise. (smartpakequine.com)
  • Visual laryngeal examination, endoscopy, video fluoroscopy, and necropsy were used for achieving the cause of the upper airway obstruction. (avmi.net)
  • The CT and 3D internal rendering accurately indicated the presence and cause of upper airway obstruction in all dogs. (avmi.net)
  • CT imaging of unanesthetized dogs with upper airway obstruction compares favorably with traditional definitive diagnostic methods. (avmi.net)
  • Another grading system that uses sleep endoscopy to assess airway obstruction utilizes 3 separate evaluations of the pharynx. (medscape.com)
  • Based on the level and pattern of airway obstruction in a patient with OSA, sleep endoscopy allows the physician to tailor the treatment plan to each patient. (medscape.com)
  • Other contraindications are significant nasal obstruction that impedes passage of the flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope (FFL), an "unsafe" airway, a frank aspiration history, and allergies to propofol components such as egg lecithin or soybean oil. (medscape.com)
  • Upper respiratory tract obstruction is a life-threatening condition in animals. (e-jvc.org)
  • It can be life-threatening in case of upper airway obstruction when general antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medication is insufficient to relieve inflammation. (e-jvc.org)
  • Here, we report an emergency case of a cat with upper airway obstruction due to inflammatory laryngitis, which is rare. (e-jvc.org)
  • otherwise the obstruction of the airway during a few minutes can cause important hypoxemia with brain damage or death. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • These nerves supply the muscles that hold the vocal cords open when breathing in, and can result in partial obstruction of the upper airway. (uk.net)
Trachea8
  • Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea. (wikipedia.org)
  • During resection, identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerves is not necessary if dissection of the trachea is maintained immediately against the outer surface of the airway. (sts.org)
  • The conducting portion of the respiratory tract begins at the nose and nasal cavity and extends through the pharynx of the upper respiratory tract and the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles (airways of the lower respiratory tract). (tiesen.nl)
  • A)the upper respiratory tract includes components of both functional portions B)the trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract but not of the bronchial tree C)stratified epithelia occur only in parts of the tract shared by another system The respiratory portion includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. (tiesen.nl)
  • The respiratory system consists of an upper airway consists of the cavity nasal, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, and lower airway consists of the trachea, bronchus and lung. (energynanomedconference.com)
  • The larynx extends from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage and includes the vocal folds, which can rapidly adduct when the laryngeal mucosa is stimulated to prevent aspiration of food and other contents into the trachea. (medscape.com)
  • The trachea (windpipe) is the airway, a tube made up of cartilage (the firm tissue in the ear) which starts just below the larynx (voice box) and continues down behind the breastbone then splits into two smaller tubes, called bronchi, which lead to each lung. (craftwithmagic.nl)
  • Although the intubation of the trachea through direct laryngoscopy is the most frequent way to approach the airway, this procedure implies a precise knowledge of the anatomy to be successful during its realization. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Epiglottis10
Mucosa7
  • Animals with laryngeal paralysis usually have a narrowed resting rima glottidis with erythema and edema of the mucosa overlying the arytenoid cartilages. (vin.com)
  • We present four cases of persistent postradiation arytenoid edema successfully treated with partial resection of the arytenoid mucosa using transoral CO 2 laser. (e-ceo.org)
  • We present four patients with persistent dyspnea due to arytenoid edema after radiation therapy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, who underwent partial resection of the arytenoids mucosa using the CO 2 laser. (e-ceo.org)
  • Three months after the radiotherapy, the patient underwent bilateral partial resection of the arytenoid mucosa via suspension microlaryngoscopy using the CO 2 laser. (e-ceo.org)
  • The mucosa was grasped with a microlaryngeal cup forcep with medial traction and was separated from the arytenoid as en-bloc resection using the CO 2 laser ( Fig. 2B ). (e-ceo.org)
  • The disarticulated arytenoid cartilage is only attached to the vocal cord, aryepiglottic fold and laryngeal mucosa. (vin.com)
  • In our body, Laryngeal Mucosa the epithelial cell types range from stratified squamous epithelium (epithelial tissue) in the upper larynx to ciliated columnar epithelium in the rest of the larynx, mucous goblet cells , and glands containing both mucous and serousal cells (serous cells) . (wellnessadvocate.com)
Left arytenoid cartilage3
  • Horses that suffer from this condition have a lack of nerve stimulation (innervation) to their left arytenoid cartilage which does not allow it to fully open. (smartpakequine.com)
  • Roaring is caused when the left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, the nerve that stimulates the cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle (which controls the movement of the left arytenoid cartilage) is damaged or inflamed. (smartpakequine.com)
  • Approximately 40% of Thoroughbreds and other large breeds of horses (notably Standardbreds) have varying degrees of abnormal abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage. (smartpakequine.com)
Vocal folds6
  • The arytenoid cartilages allow the vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regardless of cause, complete laryngeal paralysis results in failure of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds to abduct during inspiration. (vin.com)
  • Avoid touching the arytenoids or vocal folds during laryngoscopy as this may induce laryngospasm or cause asymmetrical movements of the larynx. (vin.com)
  • They have absence of abduction of one or both sides (vocal folds plus arytenoid cartilages) during inspiration. (vin.com)
  • Laryngeal paralysis results from a failure of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle to contract appropriately during the inspiratory phase of the respiration, causing the arytenoid cartilages and the vocal folds to remain in a paramedian position obstructing laryngeal airflow. (vetbloom.com)
  • During apnoea all horses exhibited complete collapse of the URT including closure of the external nares, nasopharynx and rima glottidis (with bilateral adduction of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds) and, in two horses, epiglottic retroversion. (edu.au)
Intubation17
  • This is most often caused by tracheal intubation, major trauma to the larynx, or more rarely a laryngeal mask airway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arytenoid subluxation (AS) is usually a complication of upper airway instrumentation and endotracheal intubation. (medscape.com)
  • It has been observed that intubation injuries are less frequent but more severe in infants and children than adults, probably because children are more likely to have congenital anatomical abnormalities combined with a small airway or are commonly subject to improper tube selection for intubation. (entokey.com)
  • These can occur during a traumatic on-site intubation when airway visualization is difficult due to severe upper airway bleeding or due to inadequate instrumentation or an inexperienced staff. (entokey.com)
  • The supraglottic compartment is where supraglottic airways such as the laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) are placed whilst damage to the subglottic space can result in subglottic stenosis, a potential complication of intubation. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • Tracheal Intubation Most patients requiring an artificial airway can be managed with tracheal intubation, which can be Orotracheal (tube inserted through the mouth) Nasotracheal (tube inserted through the nose). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although fiberoptic-guided endotracheal intubation using a supraglottic airway device (SAD) is a good alternative for the management of difficult airways, its learning curve for residents has not been evaluated in pediatric patients. (ekja.org)
  • Therefore, various techniques have been introduced to extend the time available for airway management and for successful intubation in children with expected or unexpected difficult airway [ 1 ]. (ekja.org)
  • Freehand fiberoptic intubation, fiberoptic-guided intubation through a supraglottic airway device (SAD), or intubation using a videolaryngoscope are the recommended techniques for difficult pediatric airway management [ 2 ]. (ekja.org)
  • The SAD is a more useful device for securing the airway compared to endotracheal intubation [ 3 ], and can be used as an intubation conduit [ 4 ]. (ekja.org)
  • Moreover, this technique demonstrated a higher success rate and lower incidence of hypoxia compared to indirect intubation using a videolaryngoscope in infants with difficult airways [ 6 ]. (ekja.org)
  • Therefore, this technique can maximize the safety of children and the success rate of intubation in children with both expected and unexpected difficult airways, who are prone to hypoxia and subsequent bradycardia during apnea [ 1 , 5 ]. (ekja.org)
  • This study aims to develop and validate a geometry-assisted difficult airway screening method (GADAS method) for difficult tracheal intubation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The laryngeal mask for intubation (Fastrach) is a device that has increased its popularity by playing an important role in the management of the anatomically difficult airway allowing adequate oxygenation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • To demonstrate that the laryngeal mask for intubation (Fastrach) is a useful device for the management of the airway in patients undergoing general anesthesia. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The use of the laryngeal mask for intubation (Fastrach) as an alternative to direct laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation in patients with easy airway is feasible and has been shown to be useful, safe and effective. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Intravenous dexamethasone is prophylactically used to prevent the sore throat and hoarseness that occur after general anesthesia owing to airway intubation [ 1 , 4 - 7 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Laryngoscopy8
  • In the operating room, esophagoscopy and direct laryngoscopy revealed a postcricoid submucosal mass near the right arytenoid cartilage. (ajnr.org)
  • Early treatment of AS includes direct laryngoscopy and closed reduction of the displaced arytenoid. (medscape.com)
  • Direct laryngoscopy with attempted reduction of the displaced arytenoid, as in early AS, is another treatment option for late AS. (medscape.com)
  • therapy - removal by direct or indirect laryngoscopy , sometimes it is necessary to perform a tracheostomy to secure the airways. (wikilectures.eu)
  • If laryngoscopy is essential, it should be done in the controlled setting of an operating room with a person skilled at difficult airway management (including surgical techniques) present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • According to the law of deformation of the upper airway on laryngoscopy, the expected visibility of the glottis was calculated to simulate the real visibility on laryngoscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • [1-6] While it is generally acknowledged that motion associated with direct laryngoscopy occurs predominantly in the upper cervical regions, [2,7,8] the magnitude and distribution of movement across these spinal segments have not been well characterized. (asahq.org)
  • Direct laryngoscopy depends on being able to bring the 3 axes of the airway into alignment to see the larynx. (airwayjedi.com)
Tracheal2
  • In order to open the paediatric airway and gain the best view of the laryngeal inlet the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axes must be brought into alignment. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • Pharyngeal tracheal lumen (PTL) airways. (simandskills.co.uk)
Lateral4
  • They articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together, move apart, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cricoarytenoid joint is a true diarthrodial articulation formed by the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages on the upper lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage. (ajnr.org)
  • Generally, a left lateral approach to the arytenoid cartilage is performed, and one or two sutures of 2-0 polypropylene on a tapered needle are used to secure the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage to the caudodorsal cricoid cartilage. (vetbloom.com)
  • This sound is caused bu friction between the cartilages such as the lower lateral cartilage and the upper lateral cartilages. (craftwithmagic.nl)
Posterior10
  • The arytenoid cartilages are part of the posterior part of the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
  • The posterior surface is triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the arytenoid muscle and transversus. (wikipedia.org)
  • CT of the neck revealed a 3-cm mass in the posterior aspect of the larynx with central hypoattenuation and thick, irregular, enhancing walls ( Fig ). The tumor was centered on the right cricoid cartilage with erosion of the right cricoid cartilage and both arytenoid cartilages. (ajnr.org)
  • Cartilages of the larynx, posterior view. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage supports the arytenoid cartilages and vocal cords. (sts.org)
  • The posterior rim of the upper border of the cricoid cartilage supports the arytenoid cartilages, which play a critical role in vocal function. (sts.org)
  • At the level of the inferior border of the posterior cricoid plate, the recurrent nerves pass behind the cricoid cartilage. (sts.org)
  • The posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages and the posterior plate of the cricoid cartilage complete the anteroinferior border of the hypopharynx. (medscape.com)
  • The salpingopharyngeus originates on the cartilage posterior to the opening of the eustachian tube and inserts into fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior 1/3 is "inhabited" by the arytenoid cartilage and does not vibrate. (laryngopedia.com)
Aryepiglottic1
  • Many physicians now advocate that the author of on the tongue base, arytenoid cartilages and aryepiglottic folds. (surgicalimpex.com)
Dislocation5
  • Arytenoid dislocation and arytenoid subluxation (AS) are rare laryngeal injuries that are usually thought to occur as complications of upper aerodigestive tract instrumentation. (medscape.com)
  • The terms arytenoid dislocation and AS have been used interchangeably to describe disruption of the cricoarytenoid joint. (medscape.com)
  • Arytenoid dislocation refers to complete separation of the arytenoid cartilage from the joint space. (medscape.com)
  • Reports in the literature suggest that AS is a more common injury than arytenoid dislocation. (medscape.com)
  • Arytenoid dislocation and arytenoid subluxation (AS) have not been widely reported in the world literature. (medscape.com)
Corniculate3
  • The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cricoid cartilage, the paired cuneiform cartilages, and the paired corniculate cartilages are the remaining cartilages supporting the larynx. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Corniculate Cartilage- These are horn-shaped cartilages. (vedantu.com)
Respiratory16
  • Respiratory compromise that necessitates airway management is uncommon. (medscape.com)
  • Respiratory sounds you can hear without a stethoscope usually indicate an issue in the upper airway, and endoscopy is a common first step in these cases to be able to evaluate the horse. (thehorse.com)
  • Two populations of horses come in for evaluation of upper airway noise: athletic horses that are making noise while exercising and horses that are making noise while breathing but are in respiratory distress. (thehorse.com)
  • Laryngeal paralysis is one of the more common upper respiratory emergencies seen in our aging canine population. (vetbloom.com)
  • 1. The respiratory system can be divided into the upper respiratory system, which can also be referred to as the upper airway and the upper respiratory tract, and the lower respiratory system, which can also be referred to as the lower airway and the lower respiratory tract, as shown in the picture below. (tiesen.nl)
  • The respiratory tract is divided into two sections, namely, upper and lower. (tiesen.nl)
  • This respiratory plasticity involves alterations via sensory (i.e., central and peripheral chemoreceptors and airway mechanoreceptors) and modulatory projections (i.e., serotonergic neurons), as well as many other conscious and unconscious processes that affect breathing (i.e., cortical inputs, cardiovascular disease, etc. (veteriankey.com)
  • However, accessory inspiratory muscles also play a role in breathing, especially during respiratory stress or disease (i.e., upper airway muscles innervated by the hypoglossal nerve) [6] . (veteriankey.com)
  • The detailed spatiotemporal output is projected to primary (diaphragm, inspiratory intercostal) and secondary (upper airway) respiratory muscles which contract to generate an adequate breath. (veteriankey.com)
  • The lower airway only works in the respiratory processes of life support and breathing to produce speech. (energynanomedconference.com)
  • Hsv causes many pathologic conditions of the upper and lower respiratory infections in genitourinary tract. (surgicalimpex.com)
  • thus, the upper respiratory tract was obstructed owing to severe edema. (e-jvc.org)
  • Rapid triage and emergent treatment are also important for the prognosis of cats that come to the hospital for upper respiratory dyspnea. (e-jvc.org)
  • Physical examination revealed open-mouth breathing and stridor, which are upper respiratory distress patterns. (e-jvc.org)
  • Laryngeal movement according to the respiration phase was weakly identified, and the upper respiratory tract was almost obstructed with an extremely narrow lumen due to severe edema. (e-jvc.org)
  • BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge of the breathing strategy and impact on the patency of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in swimming horses. (edu.au)
Endotracheal1
  • Non-pharmacological methods in the form of appropriate size of endotracheal tube, presence or absence of cuff or use of airway adjuncts like stylet or bougie, and pharmacological methods which includes various drugs administered intravenous or topically. (springeropen.com)
Hoarseness1
  • However, owing to their large diameters, DLTs frequently cause sore throat and hoarseness for up to two weeks following treatment of airway injuries such as vocal cord hematoma and bronchial edema, thereby significantly increasing patient discomfort [ 2 , 3 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Displacement3
  • AS is likely a lesser injury and refers to the partial displacement of the arytenoid within the joint. (medscape.com)
  • The arytenoid was exposed by anterior displacement of the tube with the suspension laryngoscope. (e-ceo.org)
  • However, dorsal displacement of the arytenoid results and creates distortion of the rima glottidis. (vin.com)
Pharynx2
Cricothyroid3
  • Complete transection of the subglottic airway at any level above the cricothyroid joints will divide the recurrent laryngeal nerves. (sts.org)
  • On each side, the nerve passes behind the cricothyroid articulation and continues a vertical ascent to the superior border of the cricoid cartilage, at which point it passes forward to supply the glottic muscles. (sts.org)
  • This can protect the cricothyroid joint, effectively protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and also support the airway. (bvsalud.org)
Difficult airway management1
  • However, although equipment available for difficult airway management is increasing, their utilization without sufficient training and skills in emergent airway management conditions is concerning. (ekja.org)
Injury to the cricoarytenoid joint1
  • Inferior portion of the arytenoid was also protected not to give any injury to the cricoarytenoid joint. (e-ceo.org)
Severe upper airway1
  • During initial evaluation, the patient had a sudden dyspneic episode with severe upper airway symptoms, including stridor. (ajnr.org)
Below the larynx1
  • The subglottic space is the narrowest part of the airway below the larynx. (sts.org)
Articulation3
Superiorly2
Rima3
  • CT findings indicative of laryngeal paralysis included failure to abduct the arytenoid cartilages, narrowed rima glottis, and air-filled laryngeal ventricles. (avmi.net)
  • Laryngeal surgery is directed at removing or repositioning laryngeal cartilages that obstruct the rima glottidis. (vin.com)
  • Its transection might reduce the diameter of the rima glottidis after arytenoid abduction. (vin.com)
Anatomy6
  • Arytenoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1075 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Krohner, Robert G. (wikipedia.org)
  • 45 kg Fur consists of guard hairs and dense underfur layer for trapping air for insulation ANATOMY I. Cetacea A. External Characteristics Propulsive force in swimming by tail flukes which contains neither bone or cartilage for support, dorsal fine is of the same structure Both useful in thermo-regulatory function because of extensive vascularization. (wustl.edu)
  • Normal anatomy and symmetry of larynx cartilages is responsible for physiological function. (craftwithmagic.nl)
  • Children and not just small adults and their airway anatomy thus differs. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • Researchers used a technique called fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) to look into the anatomy of the upper airways, swallowing function, and airway sensitivity in 12 adults with a Parkinson's diagnosis being followed at a hospital's neurology center in Porto Alegre. (parkinsonsnewstoday.com)
  • The success rate abnormal airway anatomy, those who ther to reach the stomach. (who.int)
Aspiration5
  • [ 3 ] In addition, patients can be trained to protect their airway from aspiration. (medscape.com)
  • However, progressive and unresponsive edema may lead to airway compromise or aspiration pneumonia requiring tracheotomy. (e-ceo.org)
  • Two months after the radiotherapy, dyspnea, dysphagia and aspiration due to edema of the arytenoid was detected. (e-ceo.org)
  • Major problems with sensation in the airways - essential in preventing the dysphagia or swallowing difficulties that can lead to complications like aspiration pneumonia - were not observed between Parkinson's disease patients and healthy adults in a small recent study. (parkinsonsnewstoday.com)
  • In our body's neck , the Larynx (Voice Box) is a complex organ with a primary evolutionary function to protect the lungs from aspiration of food and water, with phonation and voice production as secondary adaptations, composed of nine laryngeal cartilages , connective tissue barriers, muscles, and soft tissues that act in a coordinated fashion to allow sphincteric control of the airway. (wellnessadvocate.com)
Structures5
  • On CT scans, an erosive mass on the right cricoid cartilage with significant destruction of the surrounding structures was presumed to be an aggressive SCC. (ajnr.org)
  • In addition, videostroboscopy can detect the slightest motion of the true vocal fold, arytenoid cartilage, and surrounding structures, findings that can help to distinguish AS from recurrent laryngeal paralysis. (medscape.com)
  • Besides the mentioned cartilage, larynx has two groups of muscles, extrinsic muscle group so named because an insertion point is in the larynx and the other point structures outside the larynx. (energynanomedconference.com)
  • The airway view can be graded based on how clearly these structures can be visualised. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • The larynx, also known as the voicebox, is an upper airway component critical for protecting against food accidentally taking a wrong path into airway structures. (parkinsonsnewstoday.com)
Surgical5
  • Arytenoid cartilage lateralization is currently the most common surgical treatment. (vin.com)
  • The primary goals of surgical treatment are to enlarge the airway, decrease resistance to inspiratory airflow and to maintain resistance during expiration. (vetbloom.com)
  • Though many different surgical techniques have been performed, arytenoid lateralization is considered the gold standard of treatment. (vetbloom.com)
  • This case demonstrates the importance of early airway management in laryngeal trauma and the role of surgical management in conjunction with swallow rehabilitation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most effective and commonly performed surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis is a 'Tieback' or Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralisation (UAL). (uk.net)
Muscles2
  • In addition to its role in airway protection, the larynx contains a number of cartilages and muscles that serve in voice production. (medscape.com)
  • The Larynx is formed by nine cartilages that are connected to each other by muscles and ligaments. (wellnessadvocate.com)
Abduction2
  • The severity of roaring can range from a slower abduction (opening) of the cartilage to complete paralysis of the cartilage. (smartpakequine.com)
  • An assistant should be available to observe per os the size of the laryngeal opening achieved to ensure that adequate abduction of the laryngeal cartilages has been obtained. (vin.com)
Lateralization2
  • Arytenoid lateralization has been performed bilaterally or unilaterally. (vin.com)
  • Unilateral arytenoid lateralization is sufficient to reduce clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis. (vin.com)
Laryngeal cancer2
  • Some cases of laryngeal cancer cause the arytenoid cartilage to appear sclerotic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arytenoid edema following radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer may persist and make careful inspection and evaluation of the larynx difficult. (e-ceo.org)
Lungs2
  • When discussing this process with clients, I often liken the arytenoid cartilages to curtains which are supposed to be drawn open and out of the airway during inhalation to allow airflow into the lungs. (vetbloom.com)
  • The disease most commonly affects the ears, nose and the airways of the lungs. (craftwithmagic.nl)
Larynx and upper1
Dorsalis muscle1
  • The cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle abducts the arytenoid cartilages at each inspiration. (vin.com)
Hyaline1
Sesamoid1
  • The sesamoid band connecting the arytenoid cartilages dorsally is left intact. (vin.com)
Resection1
  • The technique of subglottic resection, which is described in detail later, allows transverse division of the airway up to the level of the inferior border of the vocal cords without transection of intact recurrent laryngeal nerves. (sts.org)
Recurrent1
Encircles1
Muscular process1
  • One 2-0 non-absorbable suture is placed in a simple interrupted suture pattern from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage to the caudo-dorsal edge of the cricoid cartilage and tightened to maintain the arytenoid in position. (vin.com)