Understanding of cellular processes protein conformation. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, its critical role in protein activation/inactivation, localization, signal transduction and lysosomal and autophagic degradation among other cellular processes is becoming increasingly appreciated. (dana-farber.org)
Calcium plays a key role in cellular signal transduction. (iisc.ac.in)
Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
Due to the inherent diversity in the underlying mechanisms, protein-based thermosensors affect different cellular processes such as transcription, translation, protein stability, signal transduction as well as proteolytic processes. (springer.com)
Binding of a small molecule to the sensor (e.g. glucose or neurotransmitters), interactions of a sensor with another protein (e.g. cellular signal transduction networks), or changes in the physical environment of the sensor such as a strong electrical field (e.g. detection of electrochemical pulses along a neuron) are typical chemical events. (nature.com)
At the heart of any fluorescent signal transduction mechanism is the phenomenon of conformational coupling which Jacques Monod referred to as the "secret of life", because it constitutes the molecular basis of most biological processes such as enzyme control, ligand transport across membrane, motor proteins, or cellular signal transduction 3 . (nature.com)
The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Our predictions generate hypotheses on protein conformations controlling biological processes - such as protein recognition, signal transduction, and enzyme active site gating - and are laying the foundation for our work reengineering and "reshaping" protein interfaces and active sites for new functions. (ucsf.edu)

But large- scale omic studies of cellular molecules in aggregate rarely can answer interesting questions without the assistance of information from traditional hypothesis- driven research. (genomicglossaries.com)
We are also interested in developing small molecules that target protein-protein interactions in the ubiquitin system. (dana-farber.org)
Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
These diseases are caused by refolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into an infectious isoform (PrP Sc ) that catalytically templates its abnormal conformation onto additional molecules of PrP C ( Prusiner, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
Focal adhesions are large specialized proteins that are located in the area where a cell membrane meets the extracellular matrix (ECM), a collection of molecules surrounding the cells that provide support and regulate micromechanical signals to the cells. (rdworldonline.com)
They plan to continue studying a7 in various cell types and how it interacts with other molecules and proteins. (phys.org)
Within affected neurons, molecules of a protein called alpha-synuclein can be seen to clump together, forming characteristic aggregates called Lewy bodies. (technologynetworks.com)
They also induced misfolding in alpha-synuclein molecules not attached to the cryptochrome protein, mimicking the prion-like spread of aggregation seen with alpha-synuclein in the diseased brain and animal models. (technologynetworks.com)
Understanding the conformation dynamics of protein molecules at the surface of immune cells is extremely important. (sasmallab.org)
The barrel structure produces a very tight packing of the interior of the protein, so that the chromophore and water molecules are largely fixed into place by hydrogen bonds, with limited (but not impossible) diffusion of ions or small molecules. (ibs.fr)
Countless proteins, which transport nutrients and signalling molecules, are embedded in the outer membrane of bacteria. (sciencebeta.com)
Alushin studies how these little-understood physical dynamics act on the cell's cytoskeleton, an internal network of protein filaments that constantly reconfigures itself to help the cell move, change shape, or ferry molecules from one cell compartment to another. (rockefeller.edu)

In addition to the native conformation, a protein sequence populates small fluctuations around the native state, partially unfolded forms and even the globally unfolded conformation. (berkeley.edu)
Proteins that are unable to reach their native conformation are targeted for destruction. (umass.edu)

Fluorescence microscopy and filter trap assay are conventional methods to study protein aggregates, but cannot be used to analyze the presence and levels of post-translational modifications of aggregated Htt such as ubiquitination. (nih.gov)
Our approach is highly interdisciplinary combining molecular/cellular biology, physical chemistry and advanced fluorescence imaging. (sasmallab.org)
Many fluorescent biosensors exploit conformation-dependent changes in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two engineered fluorophores that emit at two different colors (wavelength ranges). (nature.com)

We have found that although protein stability can be altered by single amino acid substitution, evolution for optimal function requires more subtle and delocalized mechanisms.Recent results implicate structure in the unfolded state as playing an important and novel role for the thermostability of these proteins. (berkeley.edu)
Protein glycosylation, or the attachment of sugar moieties (glycans) to proteins, is important for protein stability, activity, and immunogenicity. (biorxiv.org)

This article primarily elucidates the DNA damage repair pathways and the progress made in targeting key proteins within these pathways for cancer treatment. (bvsalud.org)
The end goal is to apply systems level understanding of glycosylation processes in order to uncover new pathways and small molecule inhibitors that can control leukocyte migration during inflammation. (buffalo.edu)
During my PhD I worked in an RNA laboratory at Columbia University in New York where I was involved in the proteomic purification of the pre-mRNA 3'-end processing complex that led to the discovery of several novel proteins that connect mRNA processing with various nuclear pathways. (iit.it)
Ca 2+ /CaM binds to the death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Upon Ca 2+ binding, CaM is capable of interacting with hundreds of protein targets to regulate the wealth of intracellular signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
Valosin-containing protein (VCP, also p97, or Cdc48p in yeast) is an evolutionarily conserved, homo-hexameric, ubiquitin-selective, AAA-ATPase that functions in numerous ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control pathways. (portlandpress.com)
Due to its abundance and versatile function, VCP participates in many cellular pathways including ERAD, endolysosomal trafficking, selective autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage signaling [ 1 ]. (portlandpress.com)
Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
This post-translational control of eukaryotic cellular machinery is a hallmark of pathways that respond to different stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

Such non-native states on the energy landscape are thought to play a determining function in many cellular processes such as translocation, protein synthesis, degradation, signaling and allostery. (berkeley.edu)
Ubiquitination of proteins can be a signal for degradation and intracellular localization, but also affects protein activity and protein-protein interactions. (nih.gov)
Studying the ubiquitination pattern of aggregated Htt fragments offers an important possibility to understand Htt degradation and aggregation processes within the cell. (nih.gov)
Ubiquitylation is a reversible post-translational modification whose most well-known and best characterized function is tagging proteins for proteolytic degradation. (dana-farber.org)
The focus of my laboratory is to understand the processes involved in the maturation and degradation of proteins that traverse the secretory pathway in the living cell. (umass.edu)
whereas enzymatic methods are much gentler and can provide complete sugar removal with no protein degradation. (neb.com)
VCP interacts with adaptor proteins to identify ubiquitylated substrates for degradation by the proteasome. (portlandpress.com)

For instance, many proteins share the same native structure yet their cellular dynamics and function, in other words their energy landscapes, are different. (berkeley.edu)
We want to derive quantitative predictors for chaperone function, unravel atomic-level details of how clients are recognized, understand how the interplay works between chaperone and client dynamics and study how basic chaperone function is embedded into complex functional cycles. (unibas.ch)
Our results demonstrate the potential of this optobiological system to reliably and controllably induce formation of Lewy body-like aggregations in model systems, in order to better understand the dynamics and timing of Lewy body formation and spread, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease," Oueslati said. (technologynetworks.com)
We are interested to understand complex sub-cellular functions and dynamics at single molecular level in real-time. (sasmallab.org)
Beyond revealing fundamental truths about this molecular machinery, Alushin's work has implications for understanding how organisms grow and develop, and how the biomechanical dynamics that some cancers use to metastasize from one organ to another could be used against them. (rockefeller.edu)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)

Protein conformation diseases, including polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, result from the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins. (nih.gov)
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of nine diseases caused by an expanded polyQ repeat within the affected protein and is hallmarked by intracellular inclusion bodies composed of aggregated N-terminal huntingtin (Htt) fragments and other sequestered proteins. (nih.gov)
As our knowledge of protein maturation and quality control increases, it has become clear that a number of common human genetic diseases involve protein maturation defects including cystic fibrosis, albinism, melanoma and heart disease. (umass.edu)
Prion diseases are a group of degenerative illnesses of the brain caused when a molecule called the prion protein (PrP for short) adopts the wrong shape. (elifesciences.org)
A better understanding of the role of PrP in prion diseases may help to reveal new treatments for these and other degenerative brain disorders. (elifesciences.org)
Examining focal adhesions is one of the key elements to understanding how a cell proliferates, differentiates, and migrates-which can help in the treatment of diseases like cancer. (rdworldonline.com)
The aggregates that formed were reminiscent of Lewy bodies in multiple important ways, including that they included several other key proteins besides alpha-synuclein found in Lewy bodies in people with Parkinson's disease, and that the alpha-synuclein in the aggregates adopted the characteristic beta-sheet conformation seen in many diseases of misfolded proteins. (technologynetworks.com)
A recent study by Wagner and Payne (2013) revealed that mitochondrial proteins are acetylated non-enzymatically and such a mechanism has far reaching consequences in human diseases. (sibiol.org.sg)
The new findings are consequently of great relevance also for diseases caused by misfolded proteins such as Alzheimer's , Parkinson's or cystic fibrosis. (sciencebeta.com)
Multiple neuropathologic processes may underlie dementia , including both neurodegenerative diseases and vascular disease. (medscape.com)
Mounting evidence suggests that the genetic disorders/mutation and diseases change not only the protein expression patterns but also membranes themselves. (lu.se)

We are also interested in developing similar high-throughput strategies to measure in vivo the effect of mutations on the physical state the proteins acquire upon mutation (diffuse, liquid de-mixed, insoluble) and to study the interactions between mutations to report on the conformations proteins adopt as they self-assemble. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Glycosylation defines the adhesive properties of glycoconjugates and it is largely through glycan-protein interactions that cell- cell and cell-pathogen contacts occur, a fact that highlights the importance of glycobiology. (neb.com)
the objective of this thesis was to characterize the protein-protein interactions that coordinate this process. (mcgill.ca)
To truly understand the "molecular rules of life", it is necessary to understand how the structures of these "shape-shifters" changes with time, how this influences their interactions with other proteins, how this impacts on the life-cycle of healthy/unhealthy cells, and ultimately how to control these properties using chemistry. (leeds.ac.uk)
The overall aim is to develop and use a state-of-the-art, integrated chemical and biological toolkit to understand and manipulate interactions of IDRs with Aurora-A in vitro and in cells. (leeds.ac.uk)
During his PhD, Jose studied the structure, folding properties and interactions of the SH3 domains of the CD2 adaptor protein using NMR as the main technique and was awarded an EMBO short-term fellowship to develop new NMR methodologies for the study of weak protein complexes in the laboratory of Dr Martin Blackledge at the Institut the Biologie Structurale (Grenoble, France). (kent.ac.uk)
X-ray structures revealed that in protein conjugates, the carbonyl can be twisted by specific interactions with two or three amino acid side-chains. (nature.com)
These proteins display interactions and are involved in the regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the past several years, we have engineered a range of proteins with new functions, including protein-protein interactions that are specific enough to control complex biological processes in mammalian cells (Kapp*, Liu* et al. (ucsf.edu)
1991), none of the the structural details of the heterogeneous protein surface and experimental studies mentioned so far could provide un- takes into account a variety of short-range interactions, direct ambiguous information about oligomer structure. (lu.se)

With 35,000 genes and hundreds of thousands of protein states to identify, correlate, and understand, it no longer suffices to rely on studies of one gene, gene product, or process at a time. (genomicglossaries.com)
Writing in the Nov. 13 online issue of the journal Nature, the Stanford researchers explain how the new instrument allowed them to settle long-standing scientific debates about the way genes are copied from DNA -- a biochemical process that's essential to life. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA is often compared to a twisted ladder consisting of two strands connected by molecular rungs called "bases," which are known by the abbreviations A, T, G and C. Lengthier DNA sequences code for genes, which contain explicit instructions for building a specific protein. (sciencedaily.com)
A typical DNA ladder carries thousands of genes that encode thousands of proteins, which keep the organism alive and functioning. (sciencedaily.com)
The advent of high throughput -omics has made the accumulation of comprehensive data sets possible, consisting of changes in genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites. (mdpi.com)
Finally, the authors delivered the genes for the alpha-synuclein-cryptochrome fusion protein to mice, directly into the substantia nigra, the structure in the brain that is most prominently affected by Parkinson's disease, and surgically placed an optic fiber to deliver light to the targeted cells. (technologynetworks.com)
Using bioinformatics analyses, we predicted HNK protein targets from several databases and retrieved the genes differentially expressed in mBCSCs from the GEO database. (hindawi.com)
The intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the HNK-targets was determined using a Venn diagram, and the results were analyzed using a protein-protein interaction network, hub gene selection, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, genetic alteration analysis, survival rate, and immune cell infiltration levels. (hindawi.com)
These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)
They also intrigued him because they seemed to merge a classical way to think about biology-as a system of genes and proteins-with the lesser understood concept of mechanobiology, "occupying an existential gray area between the microscopic chemical and the macroscopic physical worlds," Alushin says. (rockefeller.edu)
These genes provide instructions for making enzymes that each carry out one step of the multistep process to break down methionine. (medlineplus.gov)
We found that prions can convert, but the efficiency of conversion is affected by polymorphic variation in the cervid and human prion protein genes. (cdc.gov)

N -linked glycosylation occurs when glycans are attached to asparagine residues on the protein. (neb.com)
N-linked glycosylation occurs through the asparagine residues of the protein, while O-linked glycosylation occurs through serine or threonine. (neb.com)
Fatty acylation is a type of protein lipidation with the attachment of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to the glycine, serine, lysine, or cysteine residues of proteins. (life-science-alliance.org)
Palmitoylation targets several protein residues, including serine (O-palmitoylation) and cysteine (S-palmitoylation or N-palmitoylation when it occurs at the N-terminal of the protein). (life-science-alliance.org)
Here, a genome-wide analysis of the human mitochondrial transcriptome shows that 2'- O -methylation is limited to residues of the mitoribosomal large subunit (mtLSU) 16S mt-rRNA, introduced by MRM1, MRM2 and MRM3, with the modifications installed by the latter two proteins being interdependent. (nature.com)
A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. (biorxiv.org)
This cylinder-shaped protein is composed of 11 (mostly) antiparallel β strands (1 and 6 are parallel) and an alpha helix through its center containing the chromophore that is formed autocatalytically from residues Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67. (ibs.fr)
Thiol-reactive Prodan derivatives (top left) can be site-specifically coupled to proteins via cysteine residues. (nature.com)

Recently, it has become clear that proteins can also self-assemble into a more dynamic and reversible state through a process of liquid de-mixing which is thought to contribute to the organization of the intracellular space. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
While the molecular nature of intracellular cobalamin metabolism in mammals remains poorly understood, the proteins MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBD1 and ABCD4 are implicated in its early uptake and processing. (mcgill.ca)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate many physiological processes by transducing a variety of extracellular cues into intracellular responses. (nih.gov)

Overall, the exhaustive datasets we are generating will give mechanistic insights on the process of protein aggregation, while also reporting on specific conformations and mechanisms leading to cellular toxicity. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We employ high-resolution NMR studies of large chaperone-client complexes to provide an atomic resolution description of their structure and conformation and understand molecular mechanisms underlying their function. (unibas.ch)
Earlier analysis of the amino acid sequences of these proteins with a view of understanding evolution of protein families and signaling mechanisms have provided extensive evidence for a characteristic double gene duplication event in this family of proteins. (iisc.ac.in)
For all these classes of protein, the ability to understand and target IDR-dependent PPI interactomes with selective and spatiotemporal resolution would provide a major step forward in our understanding of biological mechanisms and, in the longer-term, our ability to develop targeted interventions. (leeds.ac.uk)
It is important to understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of protein lipidation, which will advance our understanding of their pathological relevance, leading to strategies for targeting protein lipidation for therapeutic applications. (life-science-alliance.org)
Throughout my career I focused on understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying principles of gene expression and cell identity, aiming to shed light on the basic principles that govern these processes, both in physiological and pathological conditions. (iit.it)
Biosensor development depends on a deep understanding of molecular mechanisms that transduce the chemical reactions (events) into a fluorescent signal, which can be challenging to establish. (nature.com)
A better understanding of the mechanisms of ineffective erythropoiesis may be beneficial in the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular mechanisms underlying the suppression of erythropoiesis by P. vivax are remarkably complex and poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

For the identification of aggregated Htt and its ubiquitinated species, solubilization of the cellular aggregates is mandatory. (nih.gov)
PROM utilizes a photonic crystal biosensor surface to create an evanescent field (a surface-bound electromagnetic field), which selectively illuminates only the ECM-attached cell membrane and associated protein aggregates directly inside the cell membrane. (rdworldonline.com)
But it has been hard to answer whether alpha-synuclein aggregation contributes to disease development or progression, and when it may act in the toxic disease cascade, or whether instead the aggregates are innocent bystanders to some other malevolent process, or are even protective. (technologynetworks.com)
The aggregates induced dislocation of multiple cellular organelles, as Lewy bodies have been recently reported to do as well. (technologynetworks.com)
During the execution of this program, cellular components, including aggregates, as well as damaged organelles and some proteins are encapsulated in special vesicles known as autophagosomes and subsequently are degraded after fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. (biomed.news)
AD is characterized diagnostically by two histologic findings: (1) extracellular amorphus eosinophilic deposits of amyloid consisting of Aβ peptides (a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein [APP]), which are referred to as amyloid plaques, and (2) intraneuronal aggregates of abnormally modified microtubule-associated protein tau (neurofibrillary tangles) (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), are ubiquitous stretches of protein that do not adopt a stable structure, are a major class of protein structure found in all living organisms and viruses, and, are predicted to be present in around a third of eukaryotic proteins. (leeds.ac.uk)
About 10% of eukaryotic proteins are supposed to be S-palmitoylated, identified by high-throughput screens (SwissPalm database) ( Blanc et al, 2015 ). (life-science-alliance.org)

Since so many biological processes are mediated through attachment of cells to surfaces, PROM provides a unique view of migration, chemotaxis, chemotoxicity, differentiation, biofilm formation, and division. (rdworldonline.com)
Integral membrane proteins and membrane-associated proteins are essential players in biological processes. (kent.ac.uk)
Crowding of asymmetric proteins results in an asymmetric lateral pressure across the membrane which can be used by cells in a number of biological processes involving membrane remodeling. (portlandpress.com)
Networks are of crucial importance for the understanding of numerous biological processes. (tu-darmstadt.de)

PrP C , the cellular isoform of the prion protein, serves to transduce the neurotoxic effects of PrP Sc , the infectious isoform, but how this occurs is mysterious. (elifesciences.org)
The infectious agent in the prion disease is composed mainly or entirely of an abnormal conformation of a host-encoded glycoprotein called the prion protein. (medscape.com)
The replication of prions involves the recruitment of the normally expressed prion protein, which has mainly an alpha-helical structure, into a disease-specific conformation that is rich in beta-sheet. (medscape.com)
These amyloid plaques are immunoreactive with antibodies to the prion protein and do not immunoreact with antibodies to other amyloidogenic proteins, such as the amyloid-beta (which is deposited in Alzheimer disease). (medscape.com)
We used a cell-free seeded protein misfolding assay to determine whether CWD prions from elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer in North America can convert the human prion protein to the disease-associated form. (cdc.gov)
The molecular basis of prion replication is a change in conformation of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into the abnormal and misfolded conformer (PrP Sc ) that is partially protease-resistant (PrP res ). (cdc.gov)
In contrast to these in vivo approaches, we have used protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to investigate the molecular compatibility of bovine, ovine, and cervid prions with full-length, glycosylated and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored human prion protein (PrP) ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)

Proteins undergo an incredible transformation from one-dimensional sequence information into complex three-dimensional shapes that carry out intricate cellular functions. (berkeley.edu)
We are particularly interested in amino acid sequences that can adopt different conformations and undergo a process of self-assembly which results in distinct physical states. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This 58-residue (6.5 kDa) basic (pI ¼ 10.5) isoelectric point of BPTI, with phosphate as the salting-out protein has long been thought to undergo self-association. (lu.se)

This programme of research focuses on a specific system of IDRs that regulate a range of vital cellular functions through a common factor, the protein kinase Aurora-A. Each IDR in this system achieves a distinct function by localizing Aurora-A to a different subcellular compartment, regulating its catalytic activity, and forming a multivalent complex that brings additional components of the relevant pathway into kinase proximity. (leeds.ac.uk)

Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)

At least eight different chaperones, arranged in an assembly line, transport β-barrel outer membrane proteins (Omps) and fold them into the membrane. (unibas.ch)

This site is maintained by Molecular & Cellular Biology , an interdisciplinary Graduate Program in the Life Sciences in the College of Natural Sciences . (umass.edu)

Proteins from thermophilic organisms must retain their native structures under extreme conditions, where their homologues from mesophilic organisms denature. (berkeley.edu)
Expression of this genome entails several, highly regulated processes, with newly synthesised transcripts being cleaved, chemically modified, polyadenylated and further matured in neighbouring structures known as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). (nature.com)
However, only a small number of structures of membrane proteins have been elucidated so far due to their low expression levels and the requirement of membrane mimetic environments for their study. (kent.ac.uk)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
Predicting and designing the structures of proteins with biologically useful accuracy has been a key challenge in computational structural biology and molecular engineering. (ucsf.edu)
Back then, electron microscopy methods to study structures were in their infancy, so one of the things we had to do was to take pictures of proteins using photographic film," he says. (rockefeller.edu)
He spent many nights alone in a pitch-black lab, utterly silent, utterly still, as he attempted to record protein structures on film, not daring to breathe lest the vibrating air make the image blurry. (rockefeller.edu)

Typically people look at focal adhesions with fluorescent tags or proteins," Zhuo said. (rdworldonline.com)
But fluorescent imaging is an invasive imaging method that may change the conformations or block the binding sites of the proteins in the focal adhesion area. (rdworldonline.com)
As shown on the figure (so called Jablonski diagram), when a molecule (e.g. a fluorescent protein) in the electronic ground state absorbs a photon of suitable wavelength, it accesses the first electronically excited state. (ibs.fr)
For FPs, one often compares the MB to that of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), which is about 30000 M -1 .cm -1 . (ibs.fr)
Fluorescent labeling of proteins by fluorophore Prodan is a useful tool to measure protein conformational changes via color switching, however, structure-based rules that predict where to emplace fluorophores that elicit robust fluorescent responses are challenging to establish. (nature.com)
Fluorescent protein biosensors have unlocked major advances in cell biology, neurobiology, clinical chemistry, environmental monitoring, and agricultural technologies 1 . (nature.com)
Accordingly, fluorescent biosensors are created by coupling distinct protein conformations to changes in the electronic structure of a fluorophore, or pairs of fluorophores that have been engineered into the protein. (nature.com)

Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, 'Protein glycosylation B' (PglB) from Campylobacter jejuni , as well as for three additional PglB homologs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari , and Desulfovibrio gigas . (biorxiv.org)
Temperature has a direct effect on fundamental biological systems, including enzyme activity and correct folding of proteins. (springer.com)
This enzyme starts the next step in the process, converting AdoMet to a compound called S-adenosyl homocysteine (also known as AdoHcy). (medlineplus.gov)

Our lab aims at understanding how genetic changes between individuals can or cannot result in disease by quantifying the impact mutations have on protein aggregation and toxicity. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The aggregation of proteins into insoluble amyloid fibrils is a key process in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Our work aims at systematically deciphering the sequence-dependencies of the process of aggregation in both functional and pathological contexts. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Recently, we have developed massively parallel approaches based on Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) to quantify the toxicity or the aggregation propensity of hundreds of thousands of protein sequences in vivo . (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We also aim at using the datasets we generate to develop novel predictors of protein aggregation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
See also David Thirumalai's Emerging Ideas on the Molecular Basis of Protein and Peptide Aggregation ' (.pdf). (alzforum.org)
A novel system to control protein aggregation in a model of Parkinson's disease may answer longstanding questions about how the disease begins and spreads, according to a new study published March 9 th in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Abid Oueslati of Laval University, Quebec, Canada, and colleagues. (technologynetworks.com)
Initial results suggest that aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein plays a critical role in disrupting neuronal homeostasis and triggering neurodegeneration. (technologynetworks.com)
These elements have been difficult to determine, in part because aggregation in cellular and animal models has not been controllable in either time or space. (technologynetworks.com)
They found that when light of the correct wavelength fell on the mustard protein, its conformational change triggered aggregation of its alpha-synuclein partner. (technologynetworks.com)
Loss of solubility and aggregation can lead to the partial or complete abrogation of protein function. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, understanding the relationship between protein evolution and aggregation is an important goal. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we analysed two deep mutational scanning experiments to investigate the role of protein aggregation in molecular evolution. (frontiersin.org)
We found that aggregation differentiates the effects of mutations in the two different cellular contexts. (frontiersin.org)
By contrast, in the case of TEM-1 beta-lactamase mutations, aggregation is linked to a decreased cell fitness due to inactivation of protein function. (frontiersin.org)
Given the double valence of protein aggregation that can result either in the formation of toxic assemblies or physiologically required organelles, it has long been debated what could determine whether aggregation is beneficial or detrimental from an evolutionary perspective. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we set to clarify this complex matter and question of whether aggregation is an important constraint in protein evolution that can be the discriminant between beneficial and detrimental situations by considering two cases: we studied molecular evolution of proteins in an endogenous vs. exogenous host. (frontiersin.org)

Unlike crystals that are grown for soluble proteins (usually to 100 µm in size), the MP crystals of the ExbB-ExbD complex that we reproducibly grow in lipidic cubic phase are "showers", only 5 to 10 µm in all dimensions. (mcgill.ca)
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin required as cofactor for two mammalian enzymatic processes: methionine regeneration in the cytoplasm by methionine synthase (MS), and fatty acid/amino acid metabolism in mitochondria by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM). (mcgill.ca)
Our lab is interested in proteins with the ability to exists in a soluble form and in a membrane-bound form, where they usually form channels of pores. (kent.ac.uk)
They play an important role in the correct folding of soluble proteins and furthermore are necessary for the insertion of membrane proteins into the bacterial outer membrane. (sciencebeta.com)

This approach is specifically described for use with mammalian cell culture and is suitable to study other disease-related proteins prone to aggregate. (nih.gov)

UT Southwestern researchers have identified the structure of a key member of a family of proteins called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in three different shapes. (phys.org)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are members of a broader super-family of proteins called Cys-loop receptors that function as ion channels on cell surfaces and are found in the membranes of many cell types. (phys.org)

VCP identifies ubiquitylated substrates through numerous dedicated adaptor proteins and unfolds substrates by threading them through a central pore in the hexamer ( Figure 1 ). (portlandpress.com)
Mechanistically, we found that hyperactive LRRK2 recruits SPAG9/JIP4, a motor adaptor known to bind to LRRK2-phosphorylated RAB proteins, to the autophagosomal membrane. (biomed.news)

IDRs and their order-disorder transitions regulate diverse functional proteins (and thus cellular processes) incl. (leeds.ac.uk)
Chaperones are significantly involved in the formation of functional proteins. (sciencebeta.com)

Recently, we have systematically investigated how molecular chaperones interact with the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein. (unibas.ch)
While many proteins adopt a regular 3D shape, it is now accepted that large sections of many proteins termed intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) have no fixed shape. (leeds.ac.uk)

Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation regulates the localization and function of its target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes including meiosis. (life-science-alliance.org)
Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of cell-free synthesized OSTs to glycosylate multiple target proteins with varying N -glycosylation acceptor sequons. (biorxiv.org)

Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)
Many cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, are regulated through post-transcriptional RNA modifications. (nature.com)
In one data set, mutants of a protein involved in RNA biogenesis and processing, human TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), were expressed in S. cerevisiae . (frontiersin.org)

One example is a study describing the control of precise shape transitions of a large protein assembly with optical inputs, where we successfully exchanged the 'engine' of a protein-based ATP-driven molecular machine to be powered by light (Hoersch et al. (ucsf.edu)

TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)

We show that Nb60 stabilizes a previously unappreciated low-affinity receptor state which corresponds to one of two inactive receptor conformations as delineated by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. (nih.gov)
But trying to capture the conformations of proteins using X-ray crystallography, which was the standard methodology back then, frustrated him. (rockefeller.edu)
formation has come, not from solution studies, but from Whereas theoretical studies of protein self-association are crystallography. (lu.se)

Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
Restrictions in the flexibility of the digital component through adaption and, consequently, mutations can be buffered by the regulatory impact of DNA structural proteins, the analog component of regulation. (tu-darmstadt.de)

1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
Tokumitsu and Sakagami, 2022 ), which is a possible link between Ca 2+ -dependent and phosphorylation-dependent signaling processes. (frontiersin.org)
These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
The level of protein phosphorylation at specific sites varies from less than 1% to greater than 90%, depending on conditions [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have also engineered proteins whose functions can be switched by phosphorylation or light. (ucsf.edu)

The Buhrlage lab utilizes chemistry, biochemistry and cellular biology to study proteostasis in cancers. (dana-farber.org)
When we're taught biochemistry, we see proteins in their physiologically active forms. (alzforum.org)

Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)
This occurs through specific modulation of regulatory proteins during the host-pathogen interaction, especially proteins with roles in pathogenesis [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

When the right molecule settles on these receptors, it opens the gated channels, letting ions flood from the outside to the inside of cells to trigger other cellular processes. (phys.org)

These results may be useful to understand the biological role of Ca 2+ in physiological processes. (frontiersin.org)
Disregulation of these processes can lead to non-physiological protein conformations and subsequently the onset of disease. (arbre-mobieu.eu)

At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)

Our results are in agreement that these proteins are indeed unstable and prone to misfolding. (sibiol.org.sg)

The human genome encodes two active Vaccinia-related protein kinases (VRK), VRK1 and VRK2. (diamond.ac.uk)
However, understanding the cellular role of VRKs and establishing their potential use as targets for therapeutic intervention has been limited by the lack of tool compounds that can specifically modulate the activity of these kinases in cells. (diamond.ac.uk)
In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
Protein-based thermosensors are a very diverse group including transcriptional regulators, sensor kinases, chaperones or proteases (reviewed in Klinkert and Narberhaus 2009 ). (springer.com)

While RNA makes up most of the composition of bacterial and cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes, mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes present a more elaborate protein shell, which aids coping with the oxidative microenvironment. (nature.com)
Uncoupling Proteins are a family of integral proteins found on the inner mitochondrial membrane and are thought to uncouple fuel oxidation and ATP synthesis in mitochondria. (sibiol.org.sg)

We demonstrated this effect in glucose-binding proteins that adopt distinct conformations in response to glucose. (nature.com)
In order to properly fulfill its cellular function, a protein must however first adopt its correct spatial structure. (sciencebeta.com)

In mammalian cells, S-palmitoylate is added by a family of 23 transmembrane zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys)-containing protein acyl transferases and is removed by fatty acyl protein thioesterases ( Malgapo & Linder, 2021 ). (life-science-alliance.org)

For structural analysis of asparagine-linked carbohydrates, sugars are released from the protein backbone by enzymes such as PNGase F ( NEB #P0704 ). (neb.com)
Importantly, all of these enzymes catalyzed N -glycosylation reactions in vitro with no purification or processing needed. (biorxiv.org)

Proteomics, the systematic study of proteins in biological systems, has expanded the knowledge of protein expression, modification, interaction and function. (neb.com)
The accompanying video shows a scale model for interaction of known proteins of E. coli that participate in transport of iron-siderophores across the cell envelope. (mcgill.ca)
Panning combinatorial phage libraries against recombinant MMADHC allowed mapping of putative sites of interaction on each protein. (mcgill.ca)
Several characteristics of the fungal endophyte interaction still need to be fully elucidated, but fortunately, science is advancing in the search for this understanding [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)

We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In order to understand how mutations affect these delicate equilibria and to elucidate when and why a sequence starts aggregating or becomes toxic for the cell, our lab integrates experimental and computational approaches in different model systems. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The cell also possesses a quality control system that helps to ensure that only properly folded and assembled proteins are generated. (umass.edu)
The Coulton research group studies membrane proteins (MPs) that are required for transport of iron, an essential nutrient, across the bacterial cell envelope. (mcgill.ca)
For import of iron-siderophore complexes, seven proteins in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli are essential. (mcgill.ca)
In this sLoLa, we will study a protein that plays an essential role in the cell's life-cycle (Aurora-A) e.g. in cell-division, a process that becomes defective in cancer making it a focus of anticancer drug-discovery efforts that have not yet been successful. (leeds.ac.uk)
Aurora-A fulfils different jobs at different times and in different parts of the cell by interacting with multiple different "shape-shifting" proteins. (leeds.ac.uk)
It had been shown that certain altered PrP proteins caused the death of brain cells by allowing excessive electrical charges to cross the membranes of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments showed that one end of the protein, called the N-terminus, is involved in the movement of electrical charges across the cell membrane and is able to cause cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
By contrast, the other end of the protein, the C-terminus, acts as a regulator for the N-terminus and can prevent cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
However, many important cell processes occur over the course of minutes, hours, or days. (rdworldonline.com)
PROM is providing real-time information about dynamic processes that occur specifically on cell membranes that is not available by any other method," said Brian Cunningham, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and bioengineering, and the principle investigator for the PROM project. (rdworldonline.com)
UTSW scientists have characterized three different conformations of alpha 7, a key cell-surface protein. (phys.org)
The more we know about this important receptor found on so many diverse cell types, the closer we'll get to understanding how it functions in physiology and disease," says Hibbs, an Effie Marie Cain Scholar in Medical Research and member of the Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute. (phys.org)
Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. (biorxiv.org)
Using advanced NGS techniques (such as Hi-C, HiChIP, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq etc) and a variety of CRISPR-based technologies I dissected the interplay between transcription factors, histone modifications and chromatin conformation changes during somatic cell reprogramming from mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced pluripotent cells, and integrated this data with transcriptional changes at different stages of reprogramming. (iit.it)
The process of immune cells recognition is fast and finally it is translated to a complex cell signalling. (sasmallab.org)
They represent around 40% of all proteins, and given their importance in the cell is not surprising that around 50% of the current drugs target membrane proteins. (kent.ac.uk)
Chloride ion channels control several cellular processes required for the normal function of the cell, and growing evidence supports the role of this channels in the development of different types of cancer. (kent.ac.uk)
Necroptosis is a process of controlled cell death that is part of the immune response to pathogens such as viruses. (kent.ac.uk)
MLKL is a critical mediator of necroptosis that ruptures cellular membranes leading to cell death. (kent.ac.uk)
ALK is a proto-oncogene that becomes activated in non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers through fusion with other proteins. (sibiol.org.sg)
In each cell there are molecular helper proteins called chaperones . (sciencebeta.com)
We now have a better understanding of how the cell incorporates its molecular machines into membranes so that they can perform their versatile duties. (sciencebeta.com)
Particularly affected was ezrin (phosphorylated at Thr567), which is normally localized to gEC cell extension peripheral processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Correct protein folding is fundamental for a cell to function properly. (arbre-mobieu.eu)

In the Nature study, Block and his colleagues tackled a fundamental principal of biology known as the central dogma, which states that in living organisms, genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
The powerful quantitative metabolomics-fluxomics approach will help our ability to engineer unicellular and multicellular organisms evolve from trial-and-error to a more predictable process, and from cells to organ and organisms. (mdpi.com)

Our studies on the mechanism of folding include investigating the role of topological complexity using permuted proteins, the nature and function of folding intermediates, and studies on the role of mechanical unfolding using single molecule measurements. (berkeley.edu)
The function of ubiquitination relies on its mono- and polymeric isoforms attached to protein substrates. (nih.gov)
However, also for proteins undergoing liquid de-mixing, the balance between function and dysfunction is far from clear. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This would fundamentally change our conventional thinking about protein structure-function relationship, no? (alzforum.org)
I do not think there is a contradiction to the conventional thinking of protein structure-function relation. (alzforum.org)
When we fully understand the structure and function of TonB, ExbB, and ExbD, then we will know a critical mechanism whereby Gram-negative bacteria acquire iron. (mcgill.ca)
Our understanding of protein shape, structure and function has been enormously useful in furthering our molecular understanding of life, leading to successful drug-discovery efforts, methods to improve crop production and other applications with economic and societal benefits. (leeds.ac.uk)
iii) regulate the function of adjacent ordered domains of the protein in which they lie. (leeds.ac.uk)
A role of Akr1 S-palmitoylating the nuclear fusion protein Tht1 to function in karyogamy is identified. (life-science-alliance.org)
When combined with appropriate experimental design, these methods deliver insightful knowledge about cellular function under diverse conditions. (mdpi.com)
Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (CaM) serves as a primary effector of calcium function. (frontiersin.org)
The small and highly expressed Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (CaM) acts as a primary effector of calcium function ( Soderling and Stull, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
The majority of proteins function as monodispersed ordered species dissolved in intra- or extra-cellular aqueous fluids. (frontiersin.org)
This new understanding of the function of UCP2 explains how it contributes to metabolic reprogramming and is of immense value in understanding the progression of cancer and other metabolic disorders, and ultimately in developing drugs to treat them. (sibiol.org.sg)
Many cellular processes help a protein to gain the defined structure needed to function, or are involved in the clearance of non-functional misfolded proteins. (arbre-mobieu.eu)

In this regard, while glycosylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) that alters the structure of most human proteins, relatively little is known about the functional diversity imparted by this modification. (buffalo.edu)
In particular, we are interested in understanding how fluid shear and surface immobilization alters the three-dimensional structure of VWF thus promoting both protein conformation change and VWF self-association. (buffalo.edu)
The clear evolutionary history that shows up insequences is not reflected as clearly in the conformation of individual EF-hands, which may be a consequence of the much higher conservation pressure on the structure. (iisc.ac.in)
The reason why Peter Lansbury and others used the term 'natively unfolded' for a-synuclein and other proteins, especially peptides, is that they do not exist, to a significant degree, in the same kind of stable structure that larger native proteins like myoglobin do. (alzforum.org)
Changes in temperature are typically sensed as a result of conformation changes of protein structure as well as misfolded proteins. (springer.com)
A ) VCP protein structure. (portlandpress.com)
C ) Structure and substrate processing by VCP. (portlandpress.com)
After maturation, these three amino-acids form a para-HydroxyBenzylideneDimethylImidazolinone (p-HBDI) structure, responsible for the light absorption and emission properties of the protein. (ibs.fr)
They help the proteins to fold correctly and thus ensure the right final structure. (sciencebeta.com)
With the insertion of the final protein segment, FhuA acquires its mature and functional barrel structure. (sciencebeta.com)

The third class of thermosensing is based on the temperature-dependent conformation of specific RNA sequences, which are termed RNA-thermometer (RNAT). (springer.com)

The result of this investigation is the distributed control of transcriptional gene regulation: depending on the genotypic conditions, regulation is mediated either by dedicated transcription factors (digital) of by the change of DNA conformation (analog), that is, DNA supercoiling. (tu-darmstadt.de)

Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)
Here we report stabilization of two distinct β2AR conformations using single domain camelid antibodies (nanobodies)-a previously described positive allosteric nanobody (Nb80) and a newly identified negative allosteric nanobody (Nb60). (nih.gov)

We are specifically trying to understand how immune cells distinguish between self and foreign antigens at single molecule level in real time. (sasmallab.org)
Using structural analyses and single-molecule force spectroscopy , the researchers have now elucidated how these two chaperones stabilize the immature protein and prevent misfolding. (sciencebeta.com)
These reactions are also involved in transferring methyl groups, consisting of a carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms, from one molecule to another (transmethylation), which is important in many cellular processes. (medlineplus.gov)

Researchers at the Biozentrum, University of Basel, and at ETH Zurich have now shown how chaperones stabilize an immature bacterial membrane protein and guide it in the right folding direction, thus protecting it from misfolding. (sciencebeta.com)

Other projects in the lab focus on the mechanism of protein misfolding, the structural and energetic mechanism of signaling, computational identification of folding modules, and the role of ligand binding. (berkeley.edu)
We seek to identify which CLIC conformer is involved in disease and inhibitor binding, to understand the factors governing the equilibrium between the different CLIC forms, and to determine the mechanism regulating such equilibrium with atomic detail. (kent.ac.uk)
Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)

Protein lipidation is a unique co- or posttranslational modification in which lipid moieties are covalently attached to proteins. (life-science-alliance.org)
There are at least six types of lipids including fatty acids, isoprenoids, sterols, phospholipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and lipid-derived electrophiles, which can be covalently attached to proteins ( Chen et al, 2018 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Jose joined the School of Biosciences in September 2016 as a Lecturer in Biological NMR and head of the NMR facility, where his research group specialises in the structural and functional studies of proteins able to insert in lipid membranes, forming pores and channels. (kent.ac.uk)

Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is simply defined as the processes by which cells control the concentration and conformation of the proteome. (dana-farber.org)
A significant effort of the research program is focused on generating chemical tools that can be utilized to transform our understanding of normal and disease DUB biology, particularly as it pertains to protein homeostasis in cancer. (dana-farber.org)

In my laboratory, we have developed numerous experimental tools to examine glycosylation at the molecular, cellular and animal levels. (buffalo.edu)
Understanding glycomechanics using mathematical modeling: a review of current approaches to simulate cellular glycosylation reaction networks. (buffalo.edu)
However, understanding the roles and regulations of site-specific glycosylation events remains a significant challenge due to several technological limitations. (biorxiv.org)

This new approach has been shown to preserve mobility and enzymatic activity of transmembrane proteins in the resulting nSLB. (lu.se)

While high temperatures account for denatured and misfolded proteins, low temperatures may cause damage to membranes. (springer.com)
Now, our work has succeeded in demonstrating - for the first time in biological membranes - how chaperones support the membrane proteins that are key to pharmaceutical research. (sciencebeta.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes94

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science10

Health Care3

Signal transduction8

Molecules12

Native conformation2

Fluorescence3

Stability2

Pathways11

Degradation7

Dynamics6

Diseases11

Interactions10

Genes12

Residues8

Intracellular3

Mechanisms9

Aggregates6

Eukaryotic proteins2

Biological processes4

Prion protein7

Undergo3

Kinase1

Membrane-associated proteins1

Outer membrane proteins1

Molecular & Cellu1

Structures7

Fluorescent7

Enzyme5

Aggregation17

Soluble4

Aggregate1

Family of proteins2

Adaptor2

Functional proteins2

Intrinsically disordered2

Target proteins2

Biogenesis3

Transitions1

Ubiquitous1

Crystallography3

Structural proteins2

Phosphorylation7

Biochemistry2

Regulatory2

Receptors1

Physiological2

MRNA1

Prone1

Kinases4

Mitochondrial2

Adopt2

Mammalian1

Enzymes2

Interaction4

Endogenous1

Cell26

Organisms2

Function15

Structure10

Sequences1

Transcription factors1

Antibodies2

Molecule3

Bacterial membrane protein1

Mechanism3

Lipid3

Homeostasis2

Glycosylation3

Enzymatic1

Membranes2