• The products for both hydrolyses are compounds with carboxylic acid groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • MSM contains glucosinolates that undergo hydrolysis to compounds with pesticidal properties. (usda.gov)
  • Hydrolysis of amino ester compounds yields para -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a well-known allergen, as an intermediate metabolite. (medscape.com)
  • Acid should be added to aqueous solutions of these compounds to prevent hydrolysis. (asu.edu)
  • P.107 left column bottom paragraph: ''Energy-rich' compounds are characterized by their free energy of hydrolysis ('group transfer potential') (ΔG0'), which lies in the range of -5 to -15 kcal/mol (-20.9 to -62.8 kJ/mol) and by the fact that they exist in an enzymatic equilibrium with the ATP system. (harvard.edu)
  • Table gives gibbs free energy of hydrolysis of energy rich compounds involved in Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP). (harvard.edu)
  • Our analysis also reveals that, surprisingly, the rates of enzymatic hydrolysis are determined more by substrate hydrophobicity than by leaving group ability or the functional group undergoing reaction. (europa.eu)
  • According to a study , it undergoes an enzymatic hydrolysis process that breaks down proteins into peptide fractions. (consumerhealthdigest.com)
  • Dantrium may also undergo hydrolysis and subsequent oxidation forming nitrophenylfuroic acid. (druglib.com)
  • EC1 undergoes oxidation of its Cys residue to form disulfide-linked covalent dimers. (ku.edu)
  • Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, in living systems, most biochemical reactions (including ATP hydrolysis) take place during the catalysis of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromium Sulfide in Water will undergo double hydrolysis reactions to produce chromium Hydroxide, HS and even H2S. (mis-asia.com)
  • We show that several C6-substituted UMP derivatives undergo hydrolysis or substitution reactions that depend on a lysine residue (Lys314) in the OMPD active site. (rcsb.org)
  • These reactions undergo halogenation. (vedantu.com)
  • The βLG values for the PMH-catalyzed hydrolysis of substrate classes 1-5 can be compared to the known βLG values for the uncatalyzed background reactions. (europa.eu)
  • As an example, one may consider proteases (enzymes that aid digestion by causing hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins). (wikipedia.org)
  • They catalyze the hydrolysis of interior peptide bonds in peptide chains, as opposed to exopeptidases (another class of enzymes, that catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal peptide bonds, liberating one free amino acid at a time). (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspofungin also undergoes spontaneous chemical degradation to an open-ring peptide compound, L-747969. (theodora.com)
  • The dimerization and oligomerization also lead to hydrolysis of the Asp93-Pro94 peptide bond and precipitation. (ku.edu)
  • 1981). Dichlorvos is not expected to undergo degradation from direct photolysis in the atmosphere (Gore et al. (cdc.gov)
  • When released to water, hydrolysis is the major degradation process which proceeds much more rapidly under alkaline pH conditions and with increasing temperature. (cdc.gov)
  • When released to soils, hydrolysis and other non-biological processes account for 70% or more of the total degradation of dichlorvos, while bacterial degradation accounts for only 30% (Lamoreaux and Newland 1978). (cdc.gov)
  • In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
  • Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile (a nucleus-seeking agent, e.g., water or hydroxyl ion) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Perhaps the oldest commercially practiced example of ester hydrolysis is saponification (formation of soap). (wikipedia.org)
  • This comprises a qualitative assessment of the available substance specific data on physico-chemical and toxicological properties according to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7c: Endpoint specific guidance (ECHA, 2008) and taking into account further available information on the breakdown products of ester hydrolysis. (europa.eu)
  • Additional metabolism involves hydrolysis into constitutive amino acids and their degradates, including dihydroxyhomotyrosine and N-acetyl-dihydroxyhomotyrosine. (theodora.com)
  • Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
  • We concluded that anionic PLs- are important mediators of the macrophage response to environmental agents and that they undergo a highly regulated metabolism during macrophage apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Both tin(II) chloride and tin(IV) chloride tend to undergo hydrolyze and aged solutions of these salts become measurably acidic. (asu.edu)
  • The known activities of PMH include the hydrolysis of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters (1,2,3 respectively), sulfate monoesters (5), and sulfonate monoesters (6) in addition to its native activity towards the hydrolysis of phosphonate monoesters (4). (europa.eu)
  • However, proteases do not catalyze the hydrolysis of all kinds of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, proteins that do not fit into the crevice will not undergo hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the perspective of hydrolysis dehydrogenation, finding high active and low-cost catalysts to make AB completely release its hydrogen under moderate conditions is a key point for this system. (frontiersin.org)
  • ICRF-187 likely exerts its action through its rings-opened hydrolysis product, a compound that has an EDTA-type structure and, likewise, strongly binds metal ions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Banked urine samples from 22 cases of GDM and 72 controls were analyzed for total (free BPA + conjugates) urinary BPA concentrations (g/L). FBG levels (mg/dl) were obtained from 1 h 50 g glucose tolerance tests (GTT) that women underwent for routine GDM screening (mean gestational age=26.6 weeks sd=3.8). (cdc.gov)
  • During this process macrophages are activated to release inflammatory mediators and undergo apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Upon hydrolysis, an amide converts into a carboxylic acid and an amine or ammonia (which in the presence of acid are immediately converted to ammonium salts). (wikipedia.org)
  • Further hydrolysis of the parent substance may occur by endogenous esterase activity mainly in the liver. (europa.eu)
  • Undergoes hydrolysis in liver and tissues to form the active moiety (fluorouracil), inhibiting thymidylate synthetase, which in turn blocks methylation of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. (medscape.com)
  • Due to their low molecular weights, the hydrolysis products and the intact parent substance may pass through aqueous pores or may be carried through the epithelial barrier by the bulk passage of water. (europa.eu)
  • The chlorosilanes produced are the building blocks with which the various silicone substances are then produced: the central silicon atom is bonded to various numbers of chlorine atoms, each of which provide a potential reactive site for the hydrolysis reaction that enables the length and branching of the polymer molecular framework to be controlled. (elkem.com)
  • Additionally, for the first time, the formation of several N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas during boiling of Brassica vegetables was demonstrated, resulting from the reaction of GLS-derived ITCs and amines, and they were subsequently quantified. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we conducted a quantitative characterization, using ESI-MS and fluorescence HPLC/Amplex Red assays, of the oxidative and phospholipase A hydrolysis of individual molecular species of major classes of PLs on silica, zymozan, or single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) exposed macrophages (Raw 264.7, IC-21, or primary from C57BL/6 mice). (cdc.gov)
  • A recent study by Hunter et al found the incidence of pseudophakic CME at 1.5% of those patients undergoing routine cataract surgery at an academic center, and, interestingly, 27% of these patients had a best-corrected vision of less than 20/20 even after resolution of the CME. (medscape.com)
  • Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. (wikipedia.org)
  • a substance that has gone through the process of hydrolysis. (wordsmyth.net)
  • The hydrolysis of the structurally similar substance Ethylene diacetate (CAS 111-55-7) was determined in an in vitro study using simulated intestinal fluid (Butler, 2013). (europa.eu)
  • Resins are obtained by hydrolysis of a mixture of dimethyl dichlorosilanes and mathyl trichlorosilanes, to which solvents are added to avoid gelling. (elkem.com)
  • Research states that it undergoes an ultrafiltration process that removes undesirable components such as lactose and animal fats and allergens. (consumerhealthdigest.com)
  • Upon hydrolysis, GLSs form health-promoting isothiocyanates (ITCs), but also nitriles and epithionitriles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. (wikipedia.org)
  • A common kind of hydrolysis occurs when a salt of a weak acid or weak base (or both) is dissolved in water. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, dissolving sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water is accompanied by hydrolysis to give hydronium and bisulfate, the sulfuric acid's conjugate base. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the water solubility study diisotridecyl 3,3'-[(dibutylstannylene) bis(thio) ]dipropionate undergoes immediate hydrolysis. (europa.eu)
  • The polysaccharides from the feed initially undergo hydrolysis, resulting in the release of the respective monomers ( for example hexoses). (wur.nl)
  • The hydrolysis activation of the doxorubicin cardioprotective agent ICRF-187 [+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Platelets anchored to the vessel wall undergo activation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hydrolysis of ICRF-187 was followed spectrophotometrically in the ultraviolet and was shown to be pseudo-first-order over a wide pH range. (aspetjournals.org)
  • For a more technical discussion of what occurs during such a hydrolysis, see Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following incubation of the test item (1.5 g/L) in the simulated intestinal fluid at 37 °C, the degree of hydrolysis was 4.37, 6.42 and 10.5% after 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. (europa.eu)