ArteryThrombusThrombosisInferiorMajor hepatic veinsEncephalopathyHepatomegalyTerminal hepatic venulesSplenicAscitesARTERIES and VEINSVascularObstructionMetastasesPatients with hepaticFibrosisLeft hepaticRetrohepatic vena cavaVesselsSplenomegalyPressure in the portal veinTumorsVenous drainageInflammationCirrhosisLobeAngiographyPortal hypertensionFemoral VeinSevereRenalHepatocellular carcinomaRight atriumProximalDrainageResectionArterialInducePercutaneousDilatationCommonTortuousPolycythemiaIliacLesionsOccursPreoperativeChronicMetabolismModalities
Artery21
- Spectral Doppler ultrasonographic waveform of the right hepatic artery in a 60-year-old man, 8 years after orthotopic liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
- A-1: Magnetic resonance angiogram in a transplantation patient with hepatic artery thrombosis. (medscape.com)
- Magnetic resonance angiogram of the recipient celiac axis depicts complete occlusion of the hepatic artery. (medscape.com)
- C-1: Gortex hepatic artery graft thrombosis in a 59-year-old man (shown by arrow). (medscape.com)
- The hepatic artery (which is oxygen-rich). (msdmanuals.com)
- Lateral pelvic hematoma or hemorrhage indicates injury to the iliac artery, the iliac vein, or both. (medscape.com)
- Hepatoduodenal ligament hematoma or hemorrhage indicates injury to the portal vein, the hepatic artery, or both. (medscape.com)
- Compression of the left common ILIAC VEIN by the right common ILIAC ARTERY against the underlying fifth LUMBAR VERTEBRA is the typical underlying malformation. (lookformedical.com)
- Common hepatic artery is one of the three branches of Haller tripod and gives rise to the left and right hepatic arteries. (umbalk.org)
- We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman with the right hepatic artery rising from abdominal aorta, diagnosed incidentally during an abdominal computed tomography angiography. (umbalk.org)
- The common hepatic artery was absent. (umbalk.org)
- In its place, the left hepatic artery originated from the celiac trunk, while the right replaced hepatic artery was observed arising directly from the abdominal aorta. (umbalk.org)
- Tsoucalas G, Panagouli E, Vasilopoulos A, Karayiannakis A, Thomaidis V, Fiska A. Replaced right hepatic artery arising from abdominal aorta: a case report. (umbalk.org)
- Geha JA, Geha JD, O'Mahony CA, Cotton RT, Galván TN, Rana A, Goss JA " Reconstruction of the Replaced Right Hepatic Artery Using Donor Iliac Arterial Y-Graft in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation . (bcm.edu)
- One is the hepatic artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart, and the other is the portal vein, which carries blood and nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to liver cells. (scielo.br)
- Triad means a combination of three, such as in "portal triad" meaning a structure inside the liver consisting of a bile duct, a portal vein, and an artery. (vin.com)
- Circumferential dissection was carefully undertaken using robotic bipolar forceps and hook cautery while avoiding injury to the common hepatic artery and coronary vein located nearby. (sages.org)
- The liver has dual inflow supply, with approximately two-thirds from the low pressure, low O 2 portal vein, and one-third from the systemic pressure, high O 2 hepatic artery. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- Bile duct blood supply is entirely from the hepatic artery plexuses. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- Rupture is seen more commonly in hepatic, pancreatic and SMA aneurysms than renal and splenic artery aneurysms (Rijn et al. (springeropen.com)
- Like a street that changes name as it passes through an intersection, an artery or vein can change names as it passes an anatomical landmark. (cuny.edu)
Thrombus8
- Transjugular portography demonstrates extensive portal vein thrombus in the whole-liver allograft of a 40-year-old woman whose clinical condition rapidly deteriorated on postoperative day 39. (medscape.com)
- is usually diagnostic, showing diminished or absent portal vein flow and sometimes the thrombus. (msdmanuals.com)
- A hypodense mass obstructed hepatic flow suggested thrombus formation in the hepatic and portal veins and suprahepatic part of the inferior vena cava on computed tomography. (fortunejournals.com)
- The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. (lookformedical.com)
- Sonogram showing hepatic vein thrombus, with new vessels forming. (medscape.com)
- Sonogram showing hepatic vein thrombus. (medscape.com)
- Stage 2 is for thrombus extension below the hepatic veins. (thoracickey.com)
- When the IVC is invaded, an en bloc resection of the infiltrated part with removal of the tumoral thrombus should be carried out, respecting carcinoid margins. (thoracickey.com)
Thrombosis7
- C-4: Splenic vein thrombosis of the same patient is marked by arrows. (medscape.com)
- Portal vein thrombosis causes portal hypertension and consequent gastrointestinal bleeding from varices, usually in the lower esophagus or stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
- Alternatively, this syndrome is characterized by occlusion due to hepatic vein thrombosis or mechanical venous obstruction. (fortunejournals.com)
- A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. (lookformedical.com)
- The presence of portal vein thrombosis and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors of poor survival. (korea.ac.kr)
- The acute form results from an acute thrombosis of the main hepatic veins or the IVC. (medscape.com)
- When associated with concomitant portal vein thrombosis, calcification may be seen in the portal vein after prolonged portal hypertension. (medscape.com)
Inferior10
- Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon disorder resulting from obstruction of the large hepatic veins or inferior vena cava at the suprahepatic level. (fortunejournals.com)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous flow at the level of right atrium, inferior vena cava, large hepatic veins, or hepatic venules [1]. (fortunejournals.com)
- the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein. (lookformedical.com)
- A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. (lookformedical.com)
- Occlusion of the hepatic veins and/ or the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. (capsulehealth.one)
- The umbilical cord goes into the fetus via the abdomen and develops into two branches: one accompanies the hepatic portal vein in the liver , as well as the other links to the heart via the inferior vena cava . (earthslab.com)
- On the basis of the performed tests' results, the girl was suspected to have NB with liver metastases and the boy appeared to have HB with lung metastases, inferior vena cava and right hepatic vein invasion. (umk.pl)
- dilated inferior vena cava and dilated hepatic veins. (medihelp.life)
- Diagram of hepatic venous drainage depicts the small veins that drain from the caudate lobe and adjacent part of the right lobe directly into the inferior vena cava. (medscape.com)
- The venous return is via the left, right, and middle hepatic veins which join to form the inferior vena cava as it enters the heart at the right atrium. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Major hepatic veins1
- vascular, juxtahepatic venous injuries (ie, retrohepatic vena cava/central major hepatic veins). (medscape.com)
Encephalopathy2
- During admission, she developed abdominal pain, worsening abdominal distention and hepatic encephalopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome: Two ultrasound images from a 13-year old boy who presented with jaundice, abdominal distention, and features of hepatic encephalopathy and sepsis. (medscape.com)
Hepatomegaly2
- Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon condition induced by thrombotic or nonthrombotic obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow and is characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
- One of uncommon reasons of hepatomegaly, which occur in children of all ages, but most common in infants and toodlers, are primary and metastatic neoplasms, such as hepatoblastoma (HB) and neuroblastoma (NB). (umk.pl)
Terminal hepatic venules2
- Pathologic findings in liver biopsy are (1) high-grade venous congestion and centrilobular liver cell atrophy, and, possibly, (2) thrombi within the terminal hepatic venules. (medscape.com)
- Pressure equalization occurs in the sinusoids, along with the nutrient and O 2 gradient from portal tracts to terminal hepatic venules. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Splenic2
- A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. (lookformedical.com)
- For example, the celiac trunk gives rise to the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries. (cuny.edu)
Ascites3
- Ascites is uncommon (10%) in pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension. (msdmanuals.com)
- Thus, increased portal pressure causes increased filtration of vascular fluid with the formation of ascites and the development of collaterals through alternating veins leading to esophageal, gastric, and rectal varices. (fortunejournals.com)
- Ultrasound showed bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, and no flow within the hepatic veins but a patent IVC. (medscape.com)
ARTERIES and VEINS6
- Neoplasms located in the vasculature system, such as ARTERIES and VEINS. (lookformedical.com)
- Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), an organic nitrate, is a vasodilator with effects on both arteries and veins. (nih.gov)
- The organic nitrates are vasodilators, active on both arteries and veins. (nih.gov)
- The principal pharmacological action of isosorbide dinitrate is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. (nih.gov)
- As you learn about the vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circuits, notice that many arteries and veins share the same names, parallel one another throughout the body, and are very similar on the right and left sides of the body. (cuny.edu)
- However, we will attempt to discuss the major pathways for blood and acquaint you with the major named arteries and veins in the body. (cuny.edu)
Vascular6
- It is caused most often by cirrhosis (in North America), schistosomiasis (in endemic areas), or hepatic vascular abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
- Injuries to major abdominal vessels are uncommon but highly lethal vascular crises. (medscape.com)
- A compression of ILIAC VEIN that results in a decreased flow in the vein and in the left LOWER EXTREMITY due to a vascular malformation. (lookformedical.com)
- This review will focus on the various vascular complications related to percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumors and discuss strategies to avoid and manage these complications. (dirjournal.org)
- Needle tract bleeding is also the most common vascular complication related to percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumors. (dirjournal.org)
- The uncommon abnormal vascular pattern presented has not been yet classified as an anatomic variation. (umbalk.org)
Obstruction5
- Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare condition marked by a number of symptoms due to hepatic venous obstruction. (fortunejournals.com)
- Any obstruction in the venous vasculature of the liver has been referred to as Budd-Chiari syndrome, from the hepatic venules to the right atrium. (fortunejournals.com)
- Obstruction of large- or small-caliber veins leads to hepatic congestion as blood flows into, but not out of, the liver. (medscape.com)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome should be considered separate from veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which is characterized by toxin-induced, nonthrombotic obstruction of prehepatic veins (see the images below). (medscape.com)
- Acute Budd-Chiari syndrome can be seen preoperatively in case of severe hepatic vein obstruction. (thoracickey.com)
Metastases2
- Percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumors is accepted as a safe, reliable, and cost-effective therapeutic option for treating hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastases. (dirjournal.org)
- There was moderate right-sided biliary dilatation and left hepatic lobe metastases. (springeropen.com)
Patients with hepatic2
- The majority of patients with hepatic adenoma are asymptomatic. (drpapoulas.com)
- Specific recommendations for use of ritonavir as a pharmacokinetic enhancer in patients with hepatic impairment are dependent on the protease inhibitor with which it is co-administered. (who.int)
Fibrosis8
- Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a late stage of hepatic fibrosis that has resulted in widespread distortion of normal hepatic architecture. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hepatic Fibrosis Hepatic fibrosis is overly exuberant wound healing in which excessive connective tissue builds up in the liver. (merckmanuals.com)
- Congenital hepatic fibrosis is an uncommon cause of portal hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
- Congenital hepatic fibrosis is included in the group of congenital diseases of fibropolycystic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report the case of a 27-year-old Iranian woman with congenital hepatic fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and subsequently hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- A liver biopsy revealed proliferation of collagen fibers surrounding the portal area, a finding that was compatible with congenital hepatic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The chronic form is related to fibrosis of the intrahepatic veins, presumably related to inflammation. (medscape.com)
- 4. Some affected people may experience the development of liver abnormalities such as hepatic siderosis (the buildup of iron in the liver), steatosis (the buildup of fat in the liver), portal triaditis (the Inflammation of particular sections of the liver), and thickening and scarring all around portal vein (periportal fibrosis). (brainandnervecenter.com)
Left hepatic4
- Tumors of the intrahepatic bile ducts originate in small intrahepatic ductules or large intrahepatic ducts that are proximal to the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic ducts. (tri-kobe.org)
- They include part of the right and left hepatic ducts that are outside the liver, the common hepatic duct, and the common bile duct. (tri-kobe.org)
- The hilum is the region where the right and left hepatic ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct that is proximal to the origin of the cystic duct. (tri-kobe.org)
- The cystic duct joins the left side either of the (CBD) or of the left hepatic duct (LHD) directly and is accompanied by failure in the development of the normal structure in the right side. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
Retrohepatic vena cava1
- The falciform ligament and the right triangular ligament are incised to allow a right hepatic lobe mobilization and exposure of the suprarenal and retrohepatic vena cava. (thoracickey.com)
Vessels1
- There are generally three vessels inside this compound: one vein and two arteries . (earthslab.com)
Splenomegaly2
- Her portal vein diameter was 14 mm, and splenomegaly was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Massive splenomegaly is uncommon and occurs in the setting of CML, myelofibrosis, certain lymphomas, malaria and leichmaniasis. (medschool.co)
Pressure in the portal vein2
- Portal Hypertension Portal hypertension is elevated pressure in the portal vein. (msdmanuals.com)
- This leads to increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure and pressure in the portal vein so that blood flow stagnates. (fortunejournals.com)
Tumors3
- Several studies, trials, and meta-analyses comparing thermal ablation with surgical resection of small hepatic tumors have shown that thermal ablation is less expensive and invasive. (dirjournal.org)
- Significant needle tract bleeding is a major complication (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher) of percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumors, as it can be immediately life-threatening and may lead to prolonged hospitalization. (dirjournal.org)
- Depending on the location of the primary tumor, the sternotomy should be extended through a right subcostal incision for right renal, hepatic, and primary IVC tumors. (thoracickey.com)
Venous drainage1
- The superior vena cava and common femoral vein are cannulated to ensure venous drainage of the upper half and lower half of the body. (thoracickey.com)
Inflammation1
- Jaundice may be prominent in the hepatic disease but inflammation around the bile duct may involve the pancreatic duct. (vin.com)
Cirrhosis1
- Varices Varices are dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Lobe3
- Grade IV: laceration, parenchymal disruption involving 25-75% hepatic lobe or 1-3 Couinaud segments. (medscape.com)
- After dissecting Calot's triangle, we identified the cystic duct, the common hepatic duct junction, and the cystic the gallbladder is located on the left lobe of the liver. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
- The veins tend to be spared in hepatic venous occlusion in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, giving rise to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe and adjacent part of the right lobe. (medscape.com)
Angiography2
- Ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI, cholangiography, angiography and scintigraphy are the most common radiological modalities used to evaluate the hepatic graft. (medscape.com)
- Subsequent angiography confirmed occlusion at the hepatic arterial anastomosis. (medscape.com)
Portal hypertension1
- A preoperative CT scan showed 5.5 cm PET avid mass in the porta hepatis, portal hypertension, cavernous transformation of portal vein, and 1cm arterially enhancing segment 6 liver mass. (sages.org)
Femoral Vein1
- Under general anesthesia, the right common femoral vein is exposed through a groin incision and prepared for cannulation. (thoracickey.com)
Severe3
- Grade III (severe hepatic injury): AAST-OIS grade IV-V, hemodynamically stable. (medscape.com)
- Grade IV (severe hepatic injury): AAST-OIS grade I-VI, hemodynamically unstable. (medscape.com)
- In the absence of pharmacokinetic studies in patients with stable severe hepatic impairment (Child Pugh grade C) without decompensation, caution should be exercised when ritonavir is used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer as increased levels of the co-administered protease inhibitor may occur. (who.int)
Renal1
- Mobilization of the right colon is followed by a Kocher maneuver to expose the IVC and the renal veins. (thoracickey.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma2
- Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological features of patients diagnosed with CHCC at Severance Hospital between January 1996 and December 2007 were retrospectively studied by comparing them with the features of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma (CC) who had undergone a hepatic resection during the same period. (korea.ac.kr)
- During preparation for transplant, a hepatic mass was discovered which was found to be hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Right atrium1
- Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is an uncommon adult congenital heart disease caused by an abnormal return of one or more, but not all, of the pulmonary veins to the right atrium or indirectly through venous connections from the anomalous pulmonary vein. (journalmc.org)
Proximal1
- A self-expandable 8 × 80 mm metal stent (Bard, E-Luminexx, Angiomed GmbH & Co., Karlsruhe, Germany) was deployed with the proximal end at the hepatic bifurcation and the distal end in the 2nd portion of the duodenum. (springeropen.com)
Drainage2
- Iatrogenic bilothorax is an infrequent major complication of percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and optimal treatment remains under-reported. (springeropen.com)
- Iatrogenic bilothorax after percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is rare and only sporadically reported in case reports. (springeropen.com)
Resection3
- Surgical extirpation via liver resection is required for a hepatic adenoma greater than 4 cm. (drpapoulas.com)
- Hepatic adenoma of any size in men requires liver resection due to high probability of malignant transformation. (drpapoulas.com)
- Conclusion: Even after curative hepatic resection, the presence of a cholangiocellular component appeared to be a poor prognostic indicator in patients with primary liver cancer. (korea.ac.kr)
Arterial1
- Moreover, some superficial veins, such as the great saphenous vein in the femoral region, have no arterial counterpart. (cuny.edu)
Induce2
- Higher doses are liable to induce hepatic failure, or total plasma at presentation, fetal scalp veins, but serious underlying chronic and the lab. (johncavaletto.org)
- Tiagabine does not appear to induce or inhibit hepatic microsomal enzyme sysLevetiracetam tems and doesn't change the clearance of antipyrine, even after 14 days of administration (108,109). (ilvolleyball.com)
Percutaneous1
- Minimally invasive therapies like image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation have gained widespread acceptance as a method for treating focal primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. (dirjournal.org)
Dilatation1
Common3
- Hepatic adenoma is a common benign liver mass with malignant potential that frequently occurs in women of childbearing age. (drpapoulas.com)
- Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is 10 times more common than hepatic adenoma. (drpapoulas.com)
- Anastomoses are especially common in veins, where they help maintain blood flow even when one vessel is blocked or narrowed, although there are some important ones in the arteries supplying the brain. (cuny.edu)
Tortuous1
- Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. (lookformedical.com)
Polycythemia1
- Polycythemia vera is uncommon. (usa-good.com)
Iliac2
- Iliac vein. (lookformedical.com)
- it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein. (lookformedical.com)
Lesions1
- For hepatic lesions that are grade 1 through 3, according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) (see below), nonoperative management is indicated if there is no injury to abdominal organs. (medscape.com)
Occurs1
- Biliary cytadenoma or mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver is an uncommon premalignant cystic lesion, which accounts for less than 5% of all intrahepatic biliary cysts and occurs primarily in middle aged women with a peak incidence in the 50s. (drpapoulas.com)
Preoperative1
- In the case of preoperative Budd-Chiari syndrome, the hepatic veins are thrombectomized. (thoracickey.com)
Chronic2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is typically a chronic toxicosis that results in hepatic failure. (msdvetmanual.com)
- However, it is true that prolonged fasting in cats with chronic pancreatitis may increase the risk of hepatic lipidosis in some animals. (vin.com)
Metabolism2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids undergo hepatic metabolism. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Since the clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow, considerable extrahepatic metabolism must also occur. (nih.gov)
Modalities1
- These are the most frequently used modalities for thermal ablation of hepatic malignancies. (dirjournal.org)