Deep Vein ThromCongestive heart fSplenic veinAscitesSplenomegalyTumor ThrombosisLower extremity deepHepatic veinsUltrasoundDoppler UltrasonographyOcclusionCirrhosisCollateralsEsophageal varicesTHROMBUSSaphenous VeinVaricoseExternal iliaHepatocellular carcinomaIntestine to the liverDiagnosisSuperficialPressure in the portal veinVenous systemCollateral veinsAbdominalAcuteAngiographyNoninvasiveComplicationObstructionPrehepatic causesAsymptomaticTransjugularAbdomenInferiorChronicArterialSevereFluidIntrahepaticBlood vesselsClinicalVaricealBleedingMonophasicVisualizationRupture
Deep Vein Throm4
- A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. (lookformedical.com)
- INTRODUCTION - The most common presentations of venous thrombosis are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity and pulmonary embolism. (medilib.ir)
- SUPERFICIAL VEIN THROMBOSIS - Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), a less severe disorder than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), occurs in both inherited and acquired thrombophilic states and may progress to DVT and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) [ 10-13 ]. (medilib.ir)
- Ultrasound Color Doppler: for pregnancy, carotids, and deep vein thrombosis. (thumbayhospital.com)
Congestive heart f1
- Zone 3 necrosis can be observed in portal hypertension secondary to congestive heart failure and Budd-Chiari syndrome. (medscape.com)
Splenic vein13
- It can also demonstrate portal flow and helps in diagnosing cavernous transformation of the portal vein, portal vein thrombosis, and splenic vein thrombosis. (medscape.com)
- Other causes include: Prehepatic causes Portal vein thrombosis Splenic vein thrombosis Arteriovenous fistula (increased portal blood flow) Splenomegaly and/or hypersplenism (increased portal blood flow) Hepatic causes Cirrhosis of any cause. (wikipedia.org)
- A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. (lookformedical.com)
- the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein. (lookformedical.com)
- EUS: Anechoic structure adjacent to the portal confluent and continuing with the splenic vein, with positive colour Doppler and monophasic waveform. (spg.pt)
- Based on EUS appearance of the lesion and its relation to the splenic vein, the diagnosis of splenic vein aneurysm was easily made. (spg.pt)
- Venous system aneurysms are uncommon and splenic vein aneurysms are exceedingly rare. (spg.pt)
- Lowenthal and Jacob described the first case of splenic vein aneurysm in 1953. (spg.pt)
- Surgical intervention is recommended only in gradually enlarging and/or symptomatic splenic vein aneurysms. (spg.pt)
- An aneurysm of the splenic vein may mimic a pancreatic mass and result in unwanted surgery. (spg.pt)
- Splenic vein aneurysm: a rare clinical entity. (spg.pt)
- Heeren M, Op de Beeck B, Van den Brande P. Aneurysm of the splenic vein. (spg.pt)
- Splenic vein aneurysm. (spg.pt)
Ascites7
- Paracentesis is essential in determining whether ascites is caused by portal hypertension or by another process. (medscape.com)
- citation needed] Signs and symptoms of portal hypertension include: Ascites (free fluid in the peritoneal cavity), Abdominal pain or tenderness (when bacteria infect the ascites, as in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis). (wikipedia.org)
- Many disorders can cause ascites, but the most common is high blood pressure in the veins that bring blood. (merckmanuals.com)
- Ultrasound showed bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, and no flow within the hepatic veins but a patent IVC. (medscape.com)
- Thus, increased portal pressure causes increased filtration of vascular fluid with the formation of ascites and the development of collaterals through alternating veins leading to esophageal, gastric, and rectal varices. (fortunejournals.com)
- Bedside ultrasonography shows large, homogenous-appearing ascites with readily-accessible pockets for drainage in the bilateral lower quadrants. (ddxof.com)
- 1 - 3 As portal pressure determines the outcomes of bleeding and development of complications (decompensation: ascites, hepatic encephalopathy [HE]) in patients with cirrhosis, bleeding in esophageal varices (EV) is relatively proportional to portal pressure. (e-ce.org)
Splenomegaly1
- Increased spleen size (splenomegaly), which may lead to lower platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) Anorectal varices Swollen veins on the anterior abdominal wall (sometimes referred to as caput medusae) In addition, a widened (dilated) portal vein as seen on a CT scan or MRI may raise the suspicion about portal hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor Thrombosis1
- The investigators confirmed the efficacy of the combination and found that portal vein tumor thrombosis and worse albumin-bilirubin grade were independent prognostic factors for poor OS and were associated with an increased risk for hemorrhagic events. (mdedge.com)
Lower extremity deep1
- For nontraumatic abdominal emergencies, ultrasound is used to investigate biliary colic, pelvic pain in women, scrotal pathology in men, suspected appendicitis or intussusception in children, and lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. (radiologykey.com)
Hepatic veins3
- The acute form results from an acute thrombosis of the main hepatic veins or the IVC. (medscape.com)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon disorder resulting from obstruction of the large hepatic veins or inferior vena cava at the suprahepatic level. (fortunejournals.com)
- Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous flow at the level of right atrium, inferior vena cava, large hepatic veins, or hepatic venules [1]. (fortunejournals.com)
Ultrasound2
- A 65-year old asymptomatic male was referred to our Gastroenterology Department following incidental detection on abdominal ultrasound of a pancreatic head tumour, strongly hypoechoic, with 35mm in diameter, just above the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. (spg.pt)
- Longer catheter are preferable when using ultrasound guided insertion especially with a vein deeper then 0.5 cm to minimize the risk of dislodgment and infiltration (suggested to be longer than 2 cm). (sjrhem.ca)
Doppler Ultrasonography4
- Doppler ultrasonography can usually confirm the diagnosis. (merckmanuals.com)
- This study investigated the value of Doppler ultrasonography in predicting clinical outcomes after antirejection treatment for patients with acute cellular rejection (ACR) following liver transplantation (LT). (e-ultrasonography.org)
- Abnormal PBV early post-treatment and a decrease between PBV event and PBV early post-treatment were significantly associated with poor treatment response in patients with ACR after LT. Consequently, Doppler ultrasonography may be useful for predicting clinical outcomes in these patients. (e-ultrasonography.org)
- Abnormal portal blood velocity, as detected on early post-treatment Doppler ultrasonography (US), and its subsequent decrease during treatment were associated with poor treatment response in cases of acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Occlusion3
- The veins tend to be spared in hepatic venous occlusion in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, giving rise to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe and adjacent part of the right lobe. (medscape.com)
- Alternatively, this syndrome is characterized by occlusion due to hepatic vein thrombosis or mechanical venous obstruction. (fortunejournals.com)
- Neovascular glaucoma is a secondary glaucoma occurring as a result of severely reduced blood flow to the eye as may be observed in central retinal vein occlusion or with severe diabetic retinopathy. (pharmacology2000.com)
Cirrhosis5
- Laboratory studies are directed towards investigating the etiologies of cirrhosis, which is the most common cause of portal hypertension. (medscape.com)
- Esophageal varices are submucosal distal esophageal veins, connecting the portal circulation and systemic circulation, that are dilated because of portal hypertension , most commonly because of cirrhosis , resistance to portal blood flow, and increased portal venous blood inflow. (medscape.com)
- If portal vein thrombosis develops in people with cirrhosis, their condition deteriorates. (merckmanuals.com)
- Ultrasonography may be routinely performed during the evaluation of cirrhosis. (wikidoc.org)
- The most common cause is portal hypertension, often associated with liver cirrhosis. (thebloodproject.com)
Collaterals1
- They are native veins that serve as collaterals to the central venous circulation when flow through the portal venous system or superior vena cava (SVC) is obstructed. (medscape.com)
Esophageal varices5
- [ 24 ] Ultrasonography of the upper abdomen may be indicated in patients with esophageal varices, especially if biliary obstruction or liver cancer is suspected. (medscape.com)
- Esophageal varices are collateral veins within the wall of the esophagus that project directly into the lumen. (medscape.com)
- Maximum intensity projection magnetic resonance image of the portal venous system demonstrates extensive esophageal varices (arrows) in conjunction with splenic and gastric varices. (medscape.com)
- The gold-standard for evaluation of esophageal varices is esophagogastroduodenoscopy, but radiographic modalities, such as CT, MRI, and ultrasonography, have been studied as noninvasive means of diagnosing esophageal varices and evaluating the risk of bleeding. (medscape.com)
- The esophageal varices are also inspected for red wheals, which are dilated intraepithelial veins under tension and which carry a significant risk for bleeding (see the image below). (medscape.com)
THROMBUS5
- The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. (lookformedical.com)
- A hypodense mass obstructed hepatic flow suggested thrombus formation in the hepatic and portal veins and suprahepatic part of the inferior vena cava on computed tomography. (fortunejournals.com)
- We here report a rare case of pyrrolidine-alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PA-HSOS) complicated with situs inversus totalis and portal vein thrombus (PVT). (ijgii.org)
- 2 , 4 - 6 However, there is no report of any PA-HSOS case with both situs inversus totalis (SIT) and portal vein thrombus (PVT) at the same time. (ijgii.org)
- Computed tomography showing situs inversus totalis, diffuse hepatomegaly, liver congestion, and thrombus in the branches of the portal vein (arrow) (A) and its main trunk (arrow) (B). (ijgii.org)
Saphenous Vein2
- Different veins can be used for PIVC starting with dorsal veins of the hand, then the feet and then proceeding to other choices including scalp vein in infants, external jugular vein, antecubital and the great saphenous vein as in Figure-2. (sjrhem.ca)
- The suggested veins are the cephalic vein in the forearm or the saphenous vein at the medial malleolus, while the antecubital vein might be an easy approach but the risk of brachial artery cannulation and the elbow bending make it less favorable. (sjrhem.ca)
Varicose2
- or when large amounts of fluids are given intravenously to treat massive bleeding from ruptured varicose veins in the esophagus or stomach. (merckmanuals.com)
- Skin breakdown or ulceration caused by VARICOSE VEINS in which there is too much hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. (lookformedical.com)
External ilia1
- it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein. (lookformedical.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma2
- USG may also be used to screen for hepatocellular carcinoma , portal hypertension and Budd-Chiari syndrome . (wikidoc.org)
- Ultrasonography may be used as a screening test for hepatocellular carcinoma as nodules on ultrasonography warrant further evaluation. (wikidoc.org)
Intestine to the liver1
- Portal hypertension is abnormally increased portal venous pressure - blood pressure in the portal vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine to the liver. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis2
- Ultrasonography is a useful and valuable tool for the detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of splenic abnormalities. (e-ultrasonography.org)
- Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of portal hypertension because it is non-invasive, low-cost and can be performed on-site. (wikipedia.org)
Superficial1
- See "Superficial vein thrombosis and phlebitis of the lower extremity veins" . (medilib.ir)
Pressure in the portal vein2
- Because the portal vein is narrowed or blocked, pressure in the portal vein increases. (merckmanuals.com)
- This leads to increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure and pressure in the portal vein so that blood flow stagnates. (fortunejournals.com)
Venous system1
- The causes for portal hypertension are classified as originating in the portal venous system before it reaches the liver (prehepatic causes), within the liver (intrahepatic) or between the liver and the heart (post-hepatic). (wikipedia.org)
Collateral veins1
- Paraesophageal varices are collateral veins beyond the adventitial surface of the esophagus that parallel intramural esophageal veins. (medscape.com)
Abdominal4
- Ultrasonography (US) is widely used for abdominal imaging. (e-ultrasonography.org)
- Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a large waist circumference (due to excess abdominal fat), hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. (msdmanuals.com)
- Abdominal and pelvic MRI (axial view): lesion adjacent to the splenic-mesenteric-portal venous confluence. (spg.pt)
- Abdominal CT is obtained with intravenous contrast in the portal venous phase and oral contrast administered 45 to 90 minutes prior to the study. (radiologykey.com)
Acute2
- Dr. Behrens has experience treating conditions like Acute Venous Embolism Thrombosis among other conditions at varying frequencies. (sharecare.com)
- 1 , 2 GV can also be present in patients without intra-hepatic portal hypertension, as seen in left sided portal hypertension, which include pancreatitis (acute or chronic), pancreatic malignancy, myeloproliferateive disorders (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis), or in certain hereditary disorders. (e-ce.org)
Angiography2
- During angiography, a catheter is placed selectively via either the transjugular or transfemoral route into the hepatic vein to measure portal pressure. (medscape.com)
- Selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery or splenic artery with venous return phase can also be performed in patients with portal hypertension. (medscape.com)
Noninvasive1
- Ultrasonography is noninvasive and has high sensitivity and specificity. (medscape.com)
Complication4
- Pancytopenia can result from hypersplenism, a common complication in patients with portal hypertension. (medscape.com)
- After multivariable regression analysis, high platelet count was independently associated with postoperative portal vein complication (odds ratio [OR]: 8.821, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.260 to 34.437). (researchsquare.com)
- After the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, patients in the high platelet count group had significantly higher risk of portal vein complication (OR: 9.210, 95%CI: 1.907 to 44.498, p=0.006) and early allograft dysfunction (OR: 2.087, 95%CI: 1.131 to 3.853, p=0.019). (researchsquare.com)
- 49.5×10 9 /L was an independent risk factor for posttransplant portal vein complication and early allograft dysfunction. (researchsquare.com)
Obstruction2
- Obstruction of large- or small-caliber veins leads to hepatic congestion as blood flows into, but not out of, the liver. (medscape.com)
- Ultrasonography may also help rule out biliary obstruction in cirrhotic patients with jaundice . (wikidoc.org)
Prehepatic causes1
- In cases of normal liver parenchyma, investigate for prehepatic causes of portal hypertension. (medscape.com)
Asymptomatic1
- In another forward step, we recognized theproblems with asymptomatic thrombosis as a surro-gate outcome, and devised strategies to estimatereductions in symptomatic DVT and pulmonaryembolism with antithrombotic prophylaxis. (fdocuments.us)
Transjugular3
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was successfully performed in the patient via the left internal jugular vein approach. (ijgii.org)
- 1 - 5 The use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of PA-HSOS has been reported in the literature, and it is considered an effective treatment for patients whose portal hypertension and related complications do not respond to medical treatment. (ijgii.org)
- As such, procedures which decrease portal pressure (e.g., transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS]) without any combination are unsatisfactory in GV. (e-ce.org)
Abdomen2
- Portal vein calcification is typically linear or strandlike and lies transversely across the upper abdomen or slopes upward and obliquely toward the liver hilum. (medscape.com)
- If the chest is to be studied, images are obtained in the arterial phase of contrast enhancement, followed by a pause sufficiently long to image the abdomen and pelvis in the late arterial or early portal venous phase. (radiologykey.com)
Inferior3
- Diagram of hepatic venous drainage depicts the small veins that drain from the caudate lobe and adjacent part of the right lobe directly into the inferior vena cava. (medscape.com)
- A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. (lookformedical.com)
- Mechanical devices inserted in the inferior vena cava that prevent the migration of blood clots from deep venous thrombosis of the leg. (lookformedical.com)
Chronic1
- The chronic form is related to fibrosis of the intrahepatic veins, presumably related to inflammation. (medscape.com)
Arterial1
- This section will cover a host of topics such as pericardial disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, sepsis, perioperative management, stress testing and many other topics to which strain is emerging to be a beneficial adjunctive tool. (philips.com)
Severe1
- When it becomes severe enough to cause symptoms or complications, treatment may be given to decrease portal hypertension itself or to manage its complications. (wikipedia.org)
Fluid1
- Venous hypertension leads to increased pressure in the capillary bed, transudation of fluid and proteins into the interstitial space, altering blood flow and supply of nutrients to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and eventual ulceration. (lookformedical.com)
Intrahepatic1
- Portal hypertension can have prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic causes. (medscape.com)
Blood vessels1
- Overview of Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver The liver receives the oxygen and nutrients it needs in blood that comes from two large blood vessels: Portal vein Hepatic artery The portal vein provides about two thirds of the blood. (merckmanuals.com)
Clinical2
- Ultrasonography (US) is increasingly being used in clinical practice because of its strengths, which include accessibility, low cost, advances in imaging technology, and lack of radiation hazard. (e-ultrasonography.org)
- Cognizant of this feedback, we worked hard tominimize the length of the text for the ninth iterationof the guidelines Antithrombotic Therapy and Pre- vention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College ofChest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical PracticeGuidelines (AT9) without sacricing key content. (fdocuments.us)
Variceal1
- Common signs and symptoms may stem from decreased hepatic synthetic function (eg, coagulopathy), portal hypertension (eg, variceal bleeding), or decreased detoxification capabilities of the liver (eg, hepatic encephalopathy). (medscape.com)
Bleeding1
- 10-12 mmHg), which is why targeting the portal pressure is insufficient in the treatment of GV bleeding. (e-ce.org)
Monophasic1
- 0.5, and a monophasic hepatic vein flow pattern. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Visualization2
- Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium. (lookformedical.com)
- Enhancing visualization of vein by using tourniquet, transilluminator with any available light source. (sjrhem.ca)
Rupture1
- However there is risk of aneurismal rupture, thrombosis, or local compressive effects. (spg.pt)