Tyrosine protein receptor insulin. Medical search. Frequent questions

The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). (diabetesjournals.org)
Receptors that are tyrosine protein kinases include those receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and certain lymphokines. (discoverx.com)
Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell surface transmembrane proteins responsible for intracellular signal transduction. (discoverx.com)
The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)
Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (embl.de)
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)
Insulin-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERKs, also known as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases] is mediated by Ras. (nih.gov)
Vantaggiato C, Formentini I, Bondanza A, Bonini C, Naldini L, Brambilla R. ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases affect Ras-dependent cell signaling differentially. (tsu.ge)
Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by receptor tyrosine kinases ligands such as EGF, insulin, IGF1, VEGFA and PDGF. (nih.gov)
ERK1 and ERK2 were initially isolated and cloned as kinases activated in response to insulin and NGF. (rndsystems.com)
ERK5, also known as Big Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 1 (BMK1) and MAPK7, is activated by several mechanisms, including receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and osmotic stress. (rndsystems.com)

protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor. (wikigenes.org)
Bulk Order Inquiry for Anti-LAR/PTPRF (Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase) Antibody FL550 Conjugate ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (antibodiesinc.com)
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F or Leukocyte Common Antigen Related protein is encoded by the gene PTPRF and is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. (antibodiesinc.com)
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) are two endogenous inhibitors of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and suppress both insulin and leptin signaling via different molecular mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)
Our genetic analyses uncovered a novel function of Lar, a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase . (bvsalud.org)
Noonan syndrome (NS) is caused by mutations in PTPN11 , a gene encoding the nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. (lu.se)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) were overexpressed in ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1). (embl.de)
In response to insulin stimulation, this complex bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) and Shc. (nih.gov)
Involved in signaling via insulin-receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. (nih.gov)
thereby ensuring that sufficient insulin mRNA is present to serve as the substrate for rapid insulin biosynthesis under conditions of greater insulin demand. (molcells.org)
CS exposure effects on insulin/IGF and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and phosphorylated proteins were striking compared with the mRNA. (iospress.nl)

The integration of GPCR and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, including IR upon ligand stimulation, is eloquently reviewed. (mdpi.com)
Insulin stimulation of gene expression mediated by p21ras activation. (wikidata.org)
Stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin significantly increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin and a 29-kD caveolin-associated protein in caveolin-enriched Triton-insoluble complexes. (rupress.org)
The stimulation of caveolin tyrosine phosphorylation was specific for insulin and was not observed with PDGF or EGF, although PDGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 29-kD caveolin-associated protein. (rupress.org)
The loss of ZAP-70 function leads to selective inability to produce CD8+ T lymphocytes and abolishes T cell receptor stimulation in mature CD4+ T lymphocytes [Arpaia, et al. (lu.se)
STAT5B acts as a part of the growth hormone signalling pathway leading to stimulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene transcription [Woelfle et al. (lu.se)

Part of this signaling may be via IGF1R/insulin receptor heterodimers (the reason for the confusion is that binding studies show that IGF-1 binds the insulin receptor 100-fold less well than insulin, yet that does not correlate with the actual potency of IGF-1 in vivo at inducing phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and hypoglycemia). (wikipedia.org)
The insulin-dose responses for the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin and the 29-kD caveolin-associated protein paralleled those for the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. (rupress.org)
Exposure to insulin led to tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3- kinase). (ewha.ac.kr)

N-terminal 6His-tagged recombinant, human PDGF receptor β, amino acids 557 end. (discoverx.com)
Some of the cellular responses manifest within minutes after PDGF receptor activation. (vegfrinhibitors.com)

IGF-1 binds to at least two cell surface receptors: the IGF1 Receptor (IGFR), and the insulin receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The IGF-1 receptor seems to be the "physiologic" receptor-it binds IGF-1 at significantly higher affinity than it binds insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, Insulin binds to IGF1R following the same mechanism and activated the intracellular pathways in the same way IGF1 does. (proteopedia.org)
Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)
In contrast to the activated epidermal growth factor receptor that binds the GRB2-Sos complex directly, activation of the insulin receptor results in the interaction of GRB2-Sos with IRS-1 and Shc, thus linking the insulin receptor to Ras signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
The GH molecule binds to its specific cell surface receptor (GHR), which dimerizes with another GHR molecule so that the single GH molecule is enveloped by 2 GHR molecules. (medscape.com)

The structures of the autophosphorylation complexes of tyrosine residues 1165 and 1166 have been identified within crystals of the IGF1R kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
Further, biophysical experiments suggested that HomA and HomB are dimeric and most likely the cysteine residues present on surface-exposed loops participate in protein-protein interactions. (nature.com)
PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
However, PTBP1 levels were not altered in βIRKO cells transfected with IR-3YA, in which the Tyr1158/1162/1163 residues are substituted with Ala. Consistently, treatment with glucose or insulin elevated PTBP1 levels in βIRWT cells, but not in βIRKO cells. (molcells.org)

We analyzed insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis in chow versus high-fat-fed (HFF) Ptpn2 +/− and Ptpn2 +/+ mice and insulin and IL-6 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression in Ptpn2 +/− and Ptpn2 +/+ hepatocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Liver TCPTP antagonises both insulin and STAT3 signaling pathways to regulate gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved, non-coding RNA molecules that silence gene expression usually by interfering with mRNA stability or protein translation ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)
This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
InsR signaling plays an important role in many cellular processes including glucose homeostasis, glycogen synthesis, lipid and protein metabolism, ion and amino acid transport, cell cycle and proliferation, cell differentiation, gene transcription, and nitric oxide synthesis. (umbc.edu)
Structure of the human insulin receptor gene and characterization of its promoter. (tsu.ge)
Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
Adult male A/J mice were exposed to air for 8 weeks (A8), CS for 4 or 8 weeks (CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR analysis and proteins were measured by multiplex bead-based or direct binding duplex ELISAs. (iospress.nl)
Suggesting that the gene activity-dependent emergence of excitotoxicity contributed to insulin neurotoxicity, macromolecule synthesis inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists blocked it. (ewha.ac.kr)
IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)
The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) [Väliaho et al. (lu.se)
The gene affected encodes a SH2D1A protein consisting only of a SH2 domain and a short C-terminal tail [Sayos et al. (lu.se)
ZAP-70 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by mutations in the gene coding for T cell receptor z-chain associated protein kinase [ Chan et al. (lu.se)
Mutations in the PIK3R1 gene encoding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) have been found to cause severe insulin resistance [Baynes et al. (lu.se)

Among these negative regulators, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are likely to play a pivotal role in IR signaling. (bioone.org)

Insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-instigated JAK/STAT3-signaling pathways in the liver inhibit the expression of gluconeogenic genes to decrease hepatic glucose output. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although the underlying genetic causes and the associated pathologic symptoms are heterogenous, a common feature is high blood glucose due to peripheral insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
In the presence of a robust compensatory insulin secretory response to insulin resistance, glucose levels can remain relatively normal. (jci.org)
Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)
In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
Traditionally this has involved studying both central and peripheral molecules involved in hunger and satiety, such as leptin, orexin (also known as hypocretin), insulin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as a gastric inhibitory polypeptide), adiponectin and cholecystokinin (CCK). (frontiersin.org)
Conversely, the D 2 R agonist bromocriptine, which has been used for over 40 years to treat Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia ( 6 ), was found to lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, the various concentration of the insulin proteins regulates the cell activity in different context, for instance in excess of glucose or lack of Growth Hormone. (proteopedia.org)
It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)
In pancreatic β cells, glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of insulin at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (molcells.org)
Here, we report that glucose induces the expression of PTBP1 via the insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathway in β cells. (molcells.org)
PTBP1 is present in β cells of both mouse and monkey, where its levels are increased by glucose and insulin, but not by insulin-like growth factor 1. (molcells.org)
Thus, our results identify insulin as a pivotal mediator of glucose-induced PTBP1 expression in pancreatic β cells. (molcells.org)
Insulin produced in and secreted from pancreatic β cells is the most crucial hormone for the control of glucose homeostasis in the blood circulatory system. (molcells.org)
Therefore, the amount of insulin is tightly regulated in order to maintain a very narrow blood glucose range. (molcells.org)
The elevation of glucose levels induces calcium-mediated secretion of insulin, which, in turn, promotes the absorption of glucose from the blood into peripheral tissues, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. (molcells.org)
2] The patient is instructed to fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels are measured every 6 hours until the plasma glucose level is less than 65 mg/dL, after which the testing frequency is increased to every 1-2 hours. (medscape.com)

IGF-1 activates the insulin receptor at approximately 10% the potency of insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of the insulin ligand to the extracellular alpha subunit activates the intracellular tyr kinase domain of the transmembrane beta subunit. (umbc.edu)
Insulin activates Ras primarily by increasing the rate of guanine nucleotide-releasing activity. (nih.gov)
During the reviewing of articles in the Pubmed and Google Scholar database, the attention was attracted on the insulin-like growth factor system, which activates the cell growth and proliferation. (tsu.ge)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) have recently been implicated in intracellular crosstalk pathways with IR. (mdpi.com)
We discuss how pathways that "sense" nutrients within skeletal muscle are readily able to regulate insulin action. (jci.org)
Correlation analysis showed that DOX-induced HF mainly affected phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting abnormal amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Polonsky KS, Given BD, Van Cauter E. Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects. (tsu.ge)
Impaired biosynthesis and secretion of insulin leads to somatic damage via hyperglycemia. (molcells.org)

The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
Thus, the insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin represents a novel, insulin-specific signal transduction pathway that may involve activation of a tyrosine kinase downstream of the insulin receptor. (rupress.org)
A database to provide information about the known and explored therapeutic protein and nucleic acid targets, the targeted disease, pathway information and the corresponding drugs directed at each of these targets. (idrblab.net)

An upregulation of IR expression and its activation is significantly associated with higher downstream G protein signaling cascades. (mdpi.com)
Receptor activation leads to autophosphorylation, stimulating downstream kinase activities, which initiate signaling cascades and biological function. (umbc.edu)
They are part of the Ras-Raf-ERK signal transduction cascade often found downstream of growth factor receptor activation. (rndsystems.com)

This enable them to link to IGF1 receptor. (proteopedia.org)
All six IGFBPs share 50% homology with each other and have binding affinities at the same order of magnitude for IGF-1 and IGF-2 but have greater affinities then IGF1 for its receptor. (proteopedia.org)
Once IGF1 is bound to Insulin-like Growth Binding Protein (IGFBP), IGF-1 cannot be linked to IGF1R any longer. (proteopedia.org)

In response to ligand binding, the α chains induce the tyrosine autophosphorylation of the β chains. (wikipedia.org)
IGF-1 then acts as a ligand and can interact with Insulin Receptor protein and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein . (proteopedia.org)

The receptor is a member of a family which consists of the insulin receptor and the IGF-2R (and their respective ligands IGF-1 and IGF-2), along with several IGF-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Several inhibitors of the IR tyrosine kinase activity have recently been described and associated with human insulin resistance. (bioone.org)
The effect of miR-126 expression on target proteins was assessed using miR-126 mimics or miR-126 inhibitors in ESCC cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
miR-126 mimics downregulated the expression of IRS-1 and GOLPH3 protein and suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, whereas miR-126 inhibitors led to the opposite results. (spandidos-publications.com)
The insulin neurotoxicity was blocked by an antioxidant but not by caspase inhibitors. (ewha.ac.kr)
Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and PKC, but not PI3-kinase, attenuated the insulin neurotoxicity. (ewha.ac.kr)

Insulin-induced IR-β-subunit Y1162/Y1163 phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation were also enhanced in isolated Ptpn2 +/− hepatocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
The alpha subunit of IGF-I R is extracellular while the beta subunit has an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. (rndsystems.com)
Consistently, exposure to insulin increased the level of the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor without much altering NR1 or NR2B levels. (ewha.ac.kr)

Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms by which brief nutrient excess and obesity lead to insulin resistance and propose that these mechanisms of action are different but interrelated. (jci.org)
We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
Overall, we provide our integrative perspective regarding how nutrients and obesity interact to regulate insulin sensitivity. (jci.org)
A study by Gabay et al indicated that insulin resistance in female adolescents with obesity may have a negative impact on brain structure and function. (medscape.com)
The report found, for example, that in the study population, the insular cortices in such patients tended to be thinner, a phenomenon that was not seen in male adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
Soon after the introduction of atypical antipsychotics, which antagonize serotonin receptors and dopamine D 2 receptors (D 2 R), numerous case reports appeared showing that the use of these drugs were associated with increased obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Brain-specific inactivation of these genes individually in the mouse partially protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes as well as for cardiovascular diseases. (diabetesjournals.org)
Insulin-like growth factor system is activated during hyperinsulinemia, which alongside with insulin resistance and obesity forms basis for the development of metabolic syndrome. (tsu.ge)
The accumulation in adipose tissue of macrophages in an inflammatory state is a hallmark of obesity-induced insulin resistance. (edu.au)

Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)

Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
Research suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are linked to the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)
When challenged with a high-fat diet, mice that received β1-/- bone marrow displayed enhanced adipose tissue macrophage inflammation and liver insulin resistance compared with animals that received WT bone marrow. (edu.au)

Inhibition of PDGFRB (PDGFR1, JTK12, CD140B,Beta platelet-derived growth factor) receptor kinase may be useful in the treatment of several tumors. (discoverx.com)
Here, we show that insulin-induced activation of ERKs was enhanced by stable overexpression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) but not by overexpression of GRB2 proteins with point mutations in the Src homology 2 and 3 domains. (nih.gov)

This addition of phosphate induces what are called "cell signaling" cascades - and the usual result of activation of the IGF-1 receptor is survival and proliferation in mitosis-competent cells, and growth (hypertrophy) in tissues such as skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. (wikipedia.org)
PRPRF is a transmembrane protein involved in regulation of insulin signaling, cell proliferation and cell migration. (antibodiesinc.com)
PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. (nih.gov)
Niche-specific loss of Lar leads to upregulated insulin signaling, causing increased niche cell proliferation and ectopic progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)

A novel membrane factor stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange reaction of ras proteins. (wikidata.org)
Insulin stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin. (rupress.org)

It was also demonstrated that PTPϵM suppressed insulin-induced glycogen synthesis and inhibited insulin-induced suppression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression in primary hepatocytes. (bioone.org)

For instance, familial AD is linked to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1, and presenilin 2, all of which lead to increased levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. (embl.de)
Somatic mutations at the phosphotyrosine-binding pocket of the C-terminal SH2 domain of GTPase-activating protein RASA1 have been found in a subset of Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) [Friedman, 1995]. (lu.se)

Impaired insulin receptor (IR) signaling leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (bioone.org)

Two alpha subunits and two beta subunits make up the IGF-1 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Other reports have also shown that IR can interact with Gαi subunits upon receptor activation. (mdpi.com)
The expression levels of Gα subunits influence the biased profiling of β-agonists and antagonists in that they determine both their activity and efficacy by affecting different membrane distribution of receptor-G protein populations. (mdpi.com)
It is composed of two α subunits and two tyrosine β subunits. (proteopedia.org)
Recent research demonstrated that the homology between IGF-1R and the insulin receptor (IR) subunits allow them to bind and form a functionnal hybrid IR/IGF-1R receptor. (proteopedia.org)
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I R) is a disulfide-linked heterotetrameric transmembrane protein consisting of two alpha and two beta subunits. (rndsystems.com)
Both the alpha and beta subunits are encoded within a single receptor precursor cDNA. (rndsystems.com)

HomB protein contributes to the colonization and persistence of H. pylori , and the presence of homB genes affects the number of bacteria adhering to the host cells. (nature.com)
Up to 30% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This domain occurred 326 times on human genes ( 753 proteins). (umbc.edu)

Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)

Fetuin-A (also called alpha2-HS glycoprotein), a phosphorylated protein secreted by the liver, is a physiological inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IR-TK). (auburn.edu)

The RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), also named hnRNP I, acts as a critical mediator of insulin biosynthesis through binding to the pyrimidine-rich region in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of insulin mRNA. (molcells.org)

Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood. (tsu.ge)

Increasing dopamine levels/signals are associated with improved insulin sensitivity, while decreasing dopamine and serotonin levels/signals are associated with weight gain and T2DM development. (frontiersin.org)

The results showed that a total of 278 proteins with significant changes were identified by quantitative proteomic analysis, of which 118 proteins were significantly upregulated and 160 proteins were significantly downregulated in myocardial tissue. (frontiersin.org)
The main consequences of CS4 or CS8 exposures were to significantly reduce insulin R, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and tyrosine phosphorylated insulin R and IGF-1R proteins. (iospress.nl)

It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)

The increased insulin and IL-6 signaling resulted in enhanced suppression of G6pc and Pck1 mRNA. (diabetesjournals.org)

The specialized plasma membrane structures termed caveolae and the caveolar-coat protein caveolin are highly expressed in insulin-sensitive cells such as adipocytes and muscle. (rupress.org)

The human insulin receptor cDNA: the structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling. (tsu.ge)

Produced by in vitro bioreactor culture of hybridoma line followed by Protein A affinity chromatography and conjugation of purified mAb. (antibodiesinc.com)
Purification of the catalytically active phosphorylated form of insulin receptor kinase by affinity chromatography with O-phosphotyrosyl-binding antibodies. (wikidata.org)

Hepatic IGF-I circulates almost entirely bound to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), with less than 1% being free. (medscape.com)

abstract = "While effectively attenuating neuronal apoptosis in mouse cortical culture, insulin paradoxically induced neuronal necrosis with 48 h of exposure. (ewha.ac.kr)

In addition to these receptors, hybrid receptors consisting of a dimer from the IGF-I receptor paired with the insulin receptor, are ubiquitous and the respective expression of these receptors varies from tissue to tissue. (medscape.com)

Anatomy31

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IGF13

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