• Glomus tympanicum (GT) is a highly vascular, benign, and slow-growing tumor of the middle ear. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • It is a highly vascular, benign, and locally invasive tumor of the middle ear usually originating along the tympanic (Jacobson's) or auricular (Arnold's) nerve. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • See 10 Patients with Neck Masses: Identifying Malignant versus Benign , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify and manage several types of masses. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Dr. Lim's clinical interests include the treatment of benign and malignant brain tumors, with special interest in gliomas, meningiomas, metastatic tumors, and skull base tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • They are highly vascular, locally invasive, slow-growing tumors that frequently involve critical neurovascular structures. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Paragangliomas are often found at other sites, including the middle ear (glomus tympanicum tumor), the carotid body (carotid body tumor), and the vagus nerve in proximity to the inferior (nodosum) vagal ganglion (glomus vagale tumor, glomus intravagale tumor). (medscape.com)
  • Glomus tumors of the head and neck are associated with 4 primary locations, the jugular bulb, middle ear cavity, vagus nerve, and carotid body. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Tumors in region of the vagus nerve are commonly called glomus vagale tumors because of their usual close association with the vagus nerve (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • It usually presents as a painless neck mass, but larger tumors may cause cranial nerve palsies, usually of the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glomus tumors, also known as non-chromaffin cell paraganglioma, arise from the neural crest cells [1]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • In 1974, Glenner and Grimley renamed the tumor paraganglioma on the basis of its anatomic and physiologic characteristics. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Mutations of SDHB play an important role in familial adrenal pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma (of abdomen and thorax), although there is considerable overlap in the types of tumors associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carotid paraganglioma (carotid body tumor): Is the most common of the head and neck paragangliomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glomus tumors are part of "paraganglioma" family of tumors. (neuroangio.org)
  • Glomus jugulare tumors are rare, slow-growing, hypervascular tumors that arise within the jugular foramen of the temporal bone and frequently involve the lower cranial nerves. (medscape.com)
  • It is the most common primary neoplasm of the middle ear and the second most common tumor of the temporal bone [1,5,6]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • they are the most common tumors of the inner ear and the second most common tumors of the temporal bone after schwannomas . (naqlafshk.com)
  • Temporal bone CT has historically been even better than MRI for glomus, especially glomus tympanicum - an unusual situation since for most tumors MRI is a better test. (neuroangio.org)
  • In other words, if you've had a negative temporal bone CT and negative MRI brain with contrast, the chances of having a glomus tympanicum or jugulare are pretty much zero. (neuroangio.org)
  • Glomus Tumors belong to a group of highly vascular (blood filled) pathologies that affect the temporal bone (ear), neck and brain. (susheenduttent.com)
  • Selective external carotid angiogram demonstrates a vascular skull-base mass. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Post-embolization external carotid injection, tumor blush is gone. (neuroangio.org)
  • citation needed] By light microscopy, the differential diagnosis includes related neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT: The role of 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors is well defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nevertheless, 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake may be seen in some tumors other than neuroendocrine tumors as a reflection of tumor blood supply and somatostatin receptor expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • These tumors are challenging to manage, as treatment involves complex approaches and requires great knowledge of the skull base. (medscape.com)
  • in five patients, tumor extended below the skull base. (ajnr.org)
  • They are rare tumors, representing less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors [2]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Imaging is the primary investigative modality for glomus tumors of the head and neck (paragangliomas). (naqlafshk.com)
  • Haller introduced glomus tumors of the head and neck into the medical record in 1762 when he described a mass at the carotid bifurcation that had a glomus body-like structure. (naqlafshk.com)
  • This is the most common type of glomus tumor of the head and neck. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Although glomus tympanicum tumors are the most common primary neoplasms of the middle ear, these tumors are the rarest of head and neck glomus tumors. (naqlafshk.com)
  • [ 2 ] Jugular foramen syndrome, or paresis of cranial nerves IX to XI, is pathognomonic for these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Glomus jugulare ones grow in the jugular foramen, and therefore present with symptoms related to destruction/invasion of adjacent structures. (neuroangio.org)
  • We report the imaging findings in a relatively large series of schwannomas of the jugular foramen, contrasting them with other disease entities, especially vestibular schwannomas and tumors of the glomus jugulare. (ajnr.org)
  • All tumors were partially located within the jugular foramen. (ajnr.org)
  • Schwannoma of the jugular foramen is characteristically a sharply demarcated, contrast-enhancing tumor, typically centered on or based in an enlarged jugular foramen with sharply rounded bone borders and a sclerotic rim. (ajnr.org)
  • Schwannomas of the jugular foramen, usually with origin from the ninth nerve, are rare, but the presenting symptoms may be similar to those of a vestibular schwannoma owing to mass effect by tumor growth in the posterior cranial fossa (2-4) . (ajnr.org)
  • About 130 patients with neurogenic tumors of the jugular foramen without associated neurofibromatosis have been reported. (ajnr.org)
  • The sensorineural component tends to be more significant with larger tumors. (medscape.com)
  • We presented 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings of an exceptional case of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor with extensive skin, subcutaneous, thyroid, and intramuscular metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other lesions mimicking a convexity meningioma include hemangiopericytomas , primary bony tumors, dural-based metastases, and potentially lymphoma. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • In addition to being invited world-wide to give lectures and seminars, he has given platform presentations on the topics of immunotherapy for brain tumors, neurosurgical techniques and management of brain tumors at the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, American Academy of Neurological Surgeons, Radiological Society of North America, Annual Symposium on Brain and Spine Metastases, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and other meetings. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Particle embolization of the tumor can be effective in minimizing PT until radiation effects kick in, but this is typically not done because PT is tolerable enough to wait. (neuroangio.org)
  • Which is also why surgical resection of these tumors is usually not possible (or is very difficult) without preoperative embolization. (neuroangio.org)
  • Embolization is a procedure where blood supply to the tumor is blocked to make it less bloody during surgery. (neuroangio.org)
  • Preoperative embolization is unnecessary because the tumor's meningeal vascular supply is addressed readily after craniotomy through transdural coagulation and circumcision of the tumor's dural attachments. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • [ 1 ] They are included in a group of tumors referred to as paragangliomas, which occur at various sites and include carotid body, glomus vagale, and glomus tympanicum tumors. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Glomus tumors are also referred to as chemodectomas or nonchromaffin paragangliomas. (medscape.com)
  • Paragangliomas may also occur in MEN type 2A and 2B. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although glomus tumors usually appear as solitary lesions at 1 site, multiple lesions at multiple sites are not uncommon (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • Surgical resection for type I tumors is relatively simple and complication free, but large tumors affecting the lower cranial nerves and extending beyond the petrous apex carry a significant risk of postoperative complications, especially in older patients. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors of the cranial nerve sheath constitute 5% to 10% of all intracranial neoplasms, yet few articles have described their CT and MR characteristics. (ajnr.org)
  • Cranial nerve sheath tumors constitute 5% to 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. (ajnr.org)
  • Because of the insidious onset of symptoms, these tumors often go unnoticed, and delay in diagnosis is frequent. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis: glomus tympanicum type II. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • A combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography is ideal for proper diagnosis and localization of the tumors. (naqlafshk.com)
  • ABSTRACT: Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are a very rare type of neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for only 1% to 2% of all primary lung cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 7 ] Vascular tumors of the middle ear had previously been reported, but Rosenwasser was the first to recognize the origin of these tumors from the glomus jugulare. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the location and extent of involvement, glomus jugulare tumors present significant diagnostic, management, and social challenges. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical findings showed schwannomas of the glossopharyngeal nerve in seven patients and tumor involvement of both the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves in one patient. (ajnr.org)
  • CT scans allow evaluation of bony involvement and may also identify calcification in some tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • From 2021 to 2022, there were three cases of glomus tympanicum tumors operated by trans-canal endoscopic excision in Can Tho ENT hospital. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrating a large vascular mass along the course of the left internal carotid artery and jugular vein above the level of the carotid bifurcation. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Some dural fistulas can look a lot like a glomus, believe it or not. (neuroangio.org)
  • Their excision should encompass a wide dural margin and the involved bone, especially for young patients, to decrease the risk of tumor recurrence. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Figure 4: Typical imaging presentation of a convexity meningioma: an intensely homogenously enhancing dural-based tumor with dural tails. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • When the origin could be identified, almost all these tumors were histologically proved to be schwannomas of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (ajnr.org)
  • 4. The tumor extends through the tympanic membrane and into the external ear canal. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Axial computed tomography image shows a small vascular mass along the right tympanic membrane. (naqlafshk.com)
  • He provided the first description of the surgical removal of a glomus jugulare tumor. (medscape.com)
  • CT scan showing: the presence of eroding jugular bulb is the most important thing to distinguish glomus tympanicum and glomus jugulare and assess the extension of the tumor to make good surgical planning. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Classification of the tumor helps make a good plan and choose the proper surgical approach by trans-canal endoscopy or microscopy. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • The mainstay of glomus treatment used to be surgical resection. (neuroangio.org)
  • highly curable but may recur after surgical removal. (en-academic.com)
  • Younger patients' asymptomatic tumors may be observed until growth is identified, but if the patient has a large or symptomatic lesion, surgical resection is the primary treatment modality. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Radiosurgery may be used for small residual or recurrent tumors, for adjuvant treatment of higher-grade meningiomas, and for palliation in patients unable to tolerate surgical resection. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • During his time at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Lim built one of the largest brain tumor and trigeminal neuralgia practices and utilized the most advanced surgical technologies and techniques for his patients. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Nowadays, many are treated by "gamma knife" - a type of stereotactic radiation that minimizes radiation exposure to adjacent tissues and maximizes zap to the tumor. (neuroangio.org)
  • Efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Sometimes, the tumor may erode into the ear canal, resulting in otorrhagia. (medscape.com)
  • A tumor in the tympanic cavity and hypotympanum, not spread to the mastoid and does not erode the jugular bulb. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Glomus jugulare tumors occur predominantly in women in the fifth and sixth decades of life. (medscape.com)
  • Carotid body glomus tumors, also called carotid body tumors, occur at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and arise from the tissue of the normal carotid body (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • An association of glomus tumor with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) has been described. (medscape.com)
  • they arise from the glomus bodies that run with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (naqlafshk.com)
  • They also created a classification method based on the location, innervation, and microscopic appearance of the tumors. (naqlafshk.com)
  • citation needed] On microscopic inspection, the tumor cells are readily recognized. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can cause strokes (not bleeding types, but an ischemic ones) and seizures (epilepsy). (neuroangio.org)
  • To investigate the prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were determined in pre-treatment images. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transvaginal ultrasound scan showed a 2.5 x 2.2 x 2.0-cm highly vascular mass-like lesion, containing multiple cystic areas in the lower part of the uterus and partly extending into the cervix and vagina. (sirtuinsignaling.com)
  • Glomus jugulare tumors are challenging to treat because of their vascularization and location. (medscape.com)
  • In this series of nine patients, we emphasize the typical CT and MR imaging characteristics, including tumor location and growth pattern. (ajnr.org)
  • The physical examination findings of PCNSL are diverse and highly dependent on the tumor location. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The outcome of bleeding depends highly on location and extent of bleeding and subsequent treatment. (neuroangio.org)
  • Clinical presentation is largely dependent on tumor location. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Glomus tumors are rare, and the majority do not present with isolated pulsatile tinnitus. (neuroangio.org)
  • Here is a typical glomus tumor in a patient presenting with facial nerve palsy and pulsatile tinnitus. (neuroangio.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement is the main diagnostic study of choice for these tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Historically, these tumors have primarily been managed surgically. (medscape.com)
  • They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1/300,000. (wikipedia.org)
  • He has successfully translated his findings from the laboratory to the clinics and has conducted and led several large national immunotherapy clinical trials for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • These tumors represent about 1% of all non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and have an annual incidence of 0.47 per 100,000 person/year. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • On unenhanced CT scans, tumors were isodense with brain in six patients and hypodense in two. (ajnr.org)
  • PCNSL is seen annually in approximately 3% of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Note the preoperative X-ray image (right upper image), intraoperative findings as sketched by Cushing (left lower image) and postoperative outcome (right lower image) (Courtesy of the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry at Yale University). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The T2/FLAIR sequences allow evaluation of underlying brain edema and presence of a subarachnoid plane between the tumor and the pia. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Dr. Lim is the Chair of the Department of Neurosurgery and a board-certified neurosurgeon specializing in brain tumors and trigeminal neuralgia. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Dr. Lim is a world leader in immunotherapy for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) contrast is best for delineating tumor limits. (medscape.com)
  • Standard MRI with contrast and MRA are very good for picking up these tumors, except perhaps a small glomus tympanicum. (neuroangio.org)
  • Figure 1: Walter Dandy demonstrates resection of an extra-axial tumor and specifically the clipping of a deep feeding artery (Dandy WE. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • If it is in fact a glomus, usually other symptoms are present as well. (neuroangio.org)
  • Hyperostotic tumors may present with cosmetic deformity of the skull. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • A deficient bony plate along the tympanic portion of the internal carotid artery (aberrant ICA) is a normal variant and can be mistaken with glomus jugulare. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1950, Mulligan renamed this type of neoplasm as a chemodectoma to reflect its origins from chemoreceptor cells. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Tumors situated away from the eloquent cortices may reach a large or giant size before presenting with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Clusters of tumor cells (type I cells interspersed with type II cells), called zellballen, are surrounded by a dense network of capillary caliber blood vessels. (naqlafshk.com)
  • These tumors have such tremendous blood supply that the ear is literally hear blood flow through the tumor if it is large enough and close enough to the ear. (neuroangio.org)