• With the exception of reverse gyrase, this unique type IA topoisomerase does require ATP and generates positive DNA supercoils rather than unwinding them. (jove.com)
  • DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to plasmids that have been included in also included in the study. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study we focused our attention on the behavior of four nuclear matrix proteins during the various stages of apoptosis in the HL-60 cell line exposed to the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. (nih.gov)
  • 3,5] The additive/synergistic effect of sequential topoisomerase I and II inhibitor administration has been examined in vivo in several phase I and II human trials that explored their sequential administration. (cancernetwork.com)
  • SN-38, a topoisomerase I inhibitor (chemotherapy), which damages the tumor cell's DNA and inhibits further DNA replication. (everyone.org)
  • that is, these enzymes reversibly break then reconnect phosphodiester bonds in DNA to remove torsional strain in overwound DNA. (jove.com)
  • 1] The DNA strand breaks are followed by strand passage and reannealing with relief of DNA torsional strain. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Because of the structure of duplex DNA, it inevitably leads the consequences of the topology such as supercoils [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Type IA forms a covalent bond with 5' end of the cleaved DNA strand and removes negative supercoils. (jove.com)
  • This enzyme catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of a single strand of DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus reducing the number of supercoils and altering the topology of DNA. (nih.gov)
  • TOP2A encodes an enzyme which is implicated in almost any process of DNA metabolism including transcription, replication, movement and untangling [ 3 , 8 , 9 ], which catalyze the passage of two DNA duplexes across each other to resolve the entanglements and coiling of cellular DNA [ 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • The unwinding of the DNA double helix during replication results in overwinding in regions ahead of the replication fork. (jove.com)
  • This twisting inhibits further unwinding of the DNA, stalling vital cell processes such as DNA replication. (jove.com)
  • Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. (jove.com)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • T opoisomerase enzymes I and II play a critical role in preserving DNA topology by producing transient single- and double-strand DNA breaks that relieve supercoiling during replication, recombination, chromosomal decondensation, and RNA transcription. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Topotecan inhibits topoisomerase I, inhibiting DNA replication. (medscape.com)
  • According to their different acting mechanisms, DNA topoisomerases can be classified as type I and type II enzymes [ 3 , 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we show several unique cases that can only be observed for remote epitaxy, distinguishable from other two-dimensional material-based epitaxy mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intrastrand cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA precursors are among the proposed mechanisms of action for cisplatin. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, when topoisomerase I inhibition occurs with agents such as SN-38 in cell lines, the cells compensate by increasing expression of topoisomerase II and vice versa. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 3] This antagonism might be related to topoisomerase I inhibition of DNA synthesis, which is required for the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase II-induced cleavable complexes. (cancernetwork.com)
  • prevent quinolone inhibition ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (nih.gov)
  • Type I topoisomerases are ATP-independent and act by cutting a bond between nucleotides on a single strand of double stranded DNA. (jove.com)
  • It creates a single-strand breakthrough which the opposite strand can pass, resulting in a locally untangled DNA molecule. (jove.com)
  • The enzyme rotates the cut single-strand around the opposite strand, untwisting the DNA in the process. (jove.com)
  • They work by binding to topoisomerase and causing single-strand DNA breaks. (medscape.com)
  • TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II alpha) gene, mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21, covers approximately 27.5 kb and includes 35 exons, encoding a 170 kDa protein [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Sacituzumab, a Trop-2-recognizing antibody, which is a type of protein designed to recognise and attach to the Trop2 antigen present on cancer cells. (everyone.org)
  • Ifosfamide forms DNA interstrand and intrastrand bonds that interfere with protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • This protein plays a pivotal role in DNA recombination and repair. (medscape.com)
  • TOP2A is one of the isoenzymes which can mediate the catalytic activity of type II topoisomerases [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • The interesting activities of a subset of 4-hydoxy-2-pyridones provided the impetus for synthesis of additional chemotypes with this core ( Figure 1 ) and their evaluation for effectiveness against additional pathogenic strains including Ng and N. meningitidis (Nm ). (elifesciences.org)
  • They inhibit DNA synthesis through the formation of DNA cross-links. (medscape.com)
  • They interfere with DNA synthesis by blocking the methylation of deoxyuridylic acid. (medscape.com)
  • DNA topoisomerases, ubiquitously present in eukaryotes, archaebacteria and Eubacteria, are necessary for the regulation of DNA topology in various cellular procedures [ 3 , 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
  • A number of studies have indicated that DNA topoisomerases play an essential role in the DNA world through allowing DNA double helices or strands to cut across each other [ 4 , 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Finally, the enzyme ligates the broken ends of the DNA strands back together and produces a locally relaxed DNA molecule. (jove.com)
  • Then, using the energy from a second ATP, Type II topoisomerase reseals the broken ends of the DNA strands and finally detaches from the DNA- leaving behind an untangled DNA helix. (jove.com)
  • 3] This is believed to constitute an important mechanism of resistance to topoisomerase I inhibitors in malignant cells. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Among them, the Provi- plasmid-mediated, and thus transfer- bacterial isolates, our objective was to dencia stuartii and Proteus mirabilis able, quinolone resistance determi- use replicon typing to trace a possible isolates from Algeria were negative nants has been recently discovered ( 1 ) dissemination of a common plasmid for qnrA1 . (cdc.gov)
  • Amplicons were confi rmed by DNA qnrA1 genes may be identifi ed on a means that 1 plasmid scaffold has sequencing and used as probes in hy- single genetic structure in several iso- brought the same (or at least very sim- bridization experiments on purifi ed lates has been recently shown with ilar) multidrug resistance to multiple plasmids (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
  • Based on reported resistance of Ng strains, the CDC currently prescribes a two antibiotic protocol using ceftriaxone (a β-lactam) and azithromycin (a macrolide). (elifesciences.org)
  • Both diseases involve the BRAFT and FANCM complexes, which are important in DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • It modulates the topological states of DNA by transient cleavage, strand passing and religation of double-stranded DNA resulting in decatenation of intertwined DNA molecules and relaxation of supercoiled DNA [ 8 , 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • The enzyme creates a double strand break in one loop of the DNA double helix before helping the unbroken loop to pass through this break via an ATP-dependent reaction. (jove.com)
  • While the antibody to the nucleolar isoform of DNA topoisomerase II gave a fluorescent pattern that was well-maintained until the late phases of apoptosis, the other three nuclear antigens showed marked modifications in their distribution. (nih.gov)
  • Sacituzumab Govitecan is a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). (everyone.org)
  • The unbroken DNA strand is then passed through the gap in the broken strand into the upper cavity of the enzyme. (jove.com)
  • Type I Topoisomerases act on one strand of double-stranded DNA, and they are further divided into three categories: IA, IB, and IC. (jove.com)
  • Type IB forms a covalent bond with the 3' end of the broken DNA strand and can relax both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA. (jove.com)
  • Type IC is mainly found in archaea and has a similar mechanism as type IB. (jove.com)
  • As the genetic material inside every cell nucleus, DNA is indispensable for the maintenance of genetic stability and integrity. (jcancer.org)
  • Additionally, supercoiling can occur when the DNA twists back on itself due to the inability of the DNA ends to freely rotate to relieve the torsional stress. (jove.com)
  • Different types of malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene: A review of recent observations in Turkey. (cdc.gov)
  • The mode of growth must be carefully defined as defects, e.g., pinholes, in two-dimensional materials can allow direct epitaxy from the substrate, which, in combination with lateral epitaxial overgrowth, could also form an epilayer. (bvsalud.org)
  • They have were obtained for 14 of 17 clinical T, A/C, K, B/O, X, Y, and FII repli- been identifi ed worldwide in a variety isolates, allowing an accurate replicon cons ( 9 ), was applied to type the re- of enterobacterial species and were of- typing since original clinical isolates sistance plasmids from all the strains. (cdc.gov)
  • to evaluate the efficiency of the standard influenzae may produce various clinical phenotypic identification by comparing Capsular typing syndromes including meningitis [4]. (who.int)
  • In cell lines, the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase I and II is scheduledependent. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
  • During a military operation in World War II, a group of people were accidentally exposed to mustard gas and were later found to have very low white blood cell counts. (wikidoc.org)
  • When sacituzumab binds to Trop-2 on the cancer cell, the drug is taken up by the cell and the linker is broken. (everyone.org)
  • Topoisomerase-inhibiting antineoplastic agents prevent cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Slide agglutination serotyping showed that 30.7% of the strains were type b. (who.int)
  • No significant differences between primary and secondary CNSL were detected, however differences in enhancement type between immunocompromised and immunocompetent primary CNSL patients were found. (nel.edu)
  • With the addition of granulocytecolony-stimulating factor (G-CSF [Neupogen]) to the regimen,patients received epirubicin at clinically relevant doses after dose-escalation.Results of the topoisomerase activity will be reported with thefinal results of this phase I study. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Results of the topoisomerase activity will be reported with the final results of this phase I study. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We identified two novel orally active inhibitors, PTC-847 and PTC-672, that exhibit a narrow spectrum of activity against Ng including MDR isolates. (elifesciences.org)
  • Ren L, Liu J, Gou K, Xing C. Copy number variation and high expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha predict worse prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. (jcancer.org)
  • The 2-valent and 4-valent vaccines were discontinued from the US market in 2016. (medscape.com)
  • [ 16 ] Bloom syndrome patients exhibit a greater vulnerability of their DNA to UV radiation than DNA of healthy populations. (medscape.com)
  • But the results of the relationship between the two were inconclusive. (jcancer.org)
  • DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA. (jove.com)
  • PBRT results showed that the 13 sul1 -type integron ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • results from their study show the importance of the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament conformation for stimulating DNA pairing by BLM . (medscape.com)
  • The G-quadruplex ligand telomestatin impairs binding of topoisomerase IIIalpha to G-quadruplex-forming oligonucleotides and uncaps telomeres in ALT cells. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • This causes the release of SN-38, which will then destroy the Trop-2-positive cancer cells. (everyone.org)
  • The authors present two small molecules that specifically target the essential ribonucleotide reductase of the causative agent of gonorrhea. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is used for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), who have received at least 2 previous therapies for metastatic disease. (everyone.org)
  • The empirical formula of the monohydrate is C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 · HCl · H 2 O and its molecular weight is 385.8. (theodora.com)
  • As a hydrate, its empirical formula is C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 · 3.5 H 2 O and its molecular weight is 394.3. (theodora.com)
  • Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. (jove.com)
  • Children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) were more than two and a half times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than children from families with high SES. (who.int)
  • In thisopen-label phase I study, irinotecan was administered IV at a fixeddose of 250 mg/m2 on day 1 in combination with capecitabine at a fixeddose of 1,500 mg/m2 for days 2 to 7 and epirubicin starting at a dose of40 mg/m2 and escalating by 10 mg/m2 in cohorts of three patients forthose with metastatic adenocarcinomas. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This combination regimen in patients with upper gastrointestinalmalignancies and breast cancer will be investigated as partof phase II studies, once the dose-limiting toxicity is determined. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 5 combined (1000 total patients from 2 months to 91 years of age, Huxley AF, Julian FJ. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • Trodelvy is currently also under investigation for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer or glioblastoma, an aggressive type of brain cancer. (everyone.org)
  • The tablets contain a combination of two types of ciprofloxacin drug substance, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and ciprofloxacin betaine (base). (theodora.com)
  • 2) The rx list web site will open here with the drug search completed. (globalrph.com)
  • The antibiotics work with two terms- minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). (starhealth.in)
  • CIPRO XR tablets are coated, bilayer tablets consisting of an immediate-release layer and an erosion-matrix type controlled-release layer. (theodora.com)
  • The concept of remote epitaxy involves a two-dimensional van der Waals layer covering the substrate surface, which still enable adatoms to follow the atomic motif of the underlying substrate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Meat-type (broiler) and egg-type (layer) chickens were bred by intensive selection over the years, resulting in more numbers and larger sizes of myofibers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall major morbidity directly related to stereotactic biopsy of brain lymphoma was 6.1% (3 cases) including 4.1% mortality (2 cases). (nel.edu)
  • Botta, F. See also F. However, there is singular behavior at the big crunch when the two branes forex sigma ea review, because the extra dimension between them disappears during the collision. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • Moreover, broilers exhibited 2 times greater number of myofibers per bundle of PM muscle than layers. (bvsalud.org)