Tumors malignant paraganglioma with lymph node metastases potential metastatic adrenal gland neoplasms. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (also called islet cell tumors) - NETs that typically arise in the pancreas, although they can occur outside the pancreas. (findzebra.com)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are an increasingly common group of malignancies that arise within the endocrine tissue of the pancreas. (rarediseases.org)
Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine neoplasms can still cause symptoms relating to tumor size and location such as obstruction or internal bleeding. (rarediseases.org)
and there is a type of thyroid tumour related to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) including a familial variant - and not forgetting the parathyroid which is common in familial cases of MEN , and NETs have a habit of metastasizing to strange places. (ronnyallan.net)

unfortunately, many cases are metastatic at the time of diagnosis , with the most common sites of spread being the local periadrenal tissue, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bone. (medscape.com)
In particular, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (hMATE1/2-K) likely mediate renal secretion of mIBG, whereas hOCT1 and hOCT3 may contribute to mIBG uptake into normal tissues such as the liver, salivary glands, and heart. (aspetjournals.org)
Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome is related to abnormalities on chromosome 11p15 and characterized by multiple craniofacial anomalies, abdominal wall defects, and tumors of the genitourinary tract, liver, adrenal gland, and central nervous system among other abnormalities. (abdominalkey.com)
Results: Patients had 73% (n=8) lymph node metastases, 91% (n=10) liver metastases, 36% (n=4) lung metastases, and 73% (n=8) bone metastases. (bvsalud.org)
In many cases, a person has no symptoms until the tumor spreads to the liver and/or impairs the function of an organ or system. (findzebra.com)

This case first appeared as Performance Improvement Program in Surgical Pathology (PIP) 2018, Case 23, and is an adrenal cortical carcinoma of the adrenal gland. (cap.org)
These findings are consistent with adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC). (cap.org)
The role of genotyping and ancillary tools, in particular immunohistochemistry, in correctly classifying these tumors is highlighted in the section on Renal Cell Carcinoma. (abdominalkey.com)
Data set for reporting of carcinoma of the adrenal cortex: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. (ukw.de)

The Weiss criteria define malignancy based on the presence of three or more of the following features: high-grade nuclei, high mitotic rate (more than 5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (HPF)), atypical mitotic figures, clear cells comprising less than 25% of cells, diffuse architecture, tumor necrosis, venous invasion, sinusoidal invasion, and capsular invasion. (cap.org)
In this population, features of malignancy include large tumor size (weight greater than 400 grams and tumor size greater than 10.5 cm), vena cava invasion, confluent necrosis, higher mitotic rate (more than 15 mitoses per HPF), atypical mitoses, and invasion of adjacent soft tissue. (cap.org)
These different genes produce pheochromocytomas with different ages of onset, secretory profiles, locations, and potential for malignancy. (medscape.com)
Only the presence of metastases defines malignancy. (medscape.com)

Incidentally found adrenal masses can be further classified as benign or malignant and primary adrenal versus metastatic using radiologic-cytologic or pathologic correlation. (cap.org)
Pancreatic endocrine tumor, also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), describes a group of endocrine tumors originating in the pancreas that are usually indolent and benign, but may have the potential to be malignant. (findzebra.com)
Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. (lookformedical.com)
A group of disorders having a benign course but exhibiting clinical and histological features suggestive of malignant lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
Pseudolymphoma is characterized by a benign infiltration of lymphoid cells or histiocytes which microscopically resembles a malignant lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
However, specific histologic features help to differentiate adrenal pheochromocytomas with a potential for biologically aggressive behavior from those that behave in a benign fashion. (medscape.com)
Curiously this decodes to "an abnormality is present, but it could either be a benign (non-cancerous) growth or a malignant cancerous growth of the follicular cells. (ronnyallan.net)

The current World Health Organization (WHO) endocrine edition distinguishes adult ACC from adrenal adenoma based on the Weiss criteria. (cap.org)
Neoplasms that arise from endocrine tissue may also secrete hormones, resulting in excessive levels of these hormones in the body and potentially a wide variety of symptoms. (rarediseases.org)
1] Condition such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems. (findzebra.com)
Although pheochromocytomas have classically been associated with 3 syndromes-von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-there are now 10 genes that have been identified as sites of mutations leading to these tumors. (medscape.com)

Of primary adrenal tumors, ACC is less common than cortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma. (cap.org)
A pheochromocytoma (see the image below) is a rare, catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells. (medscape.com)
The term pheochromocytoma (in Greek, phios means dusky, chroma means color, and cytoma means tumor) refers to the color the tumor cells acquire when stained with chromium salts. (medscape.com)
A pheochromocytoma (see the image below) is a rare, catecholamine-secreting tumor that may precipitate life-threatening hypertension. (medscape.com)

Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients (n=11) with metastatic NETs from different primary sites (bronchial, pancreatic, nonpancreatic gastroenteropancreatic NETs, paraganglioma, and unknown primary site) treated with [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE with a mean activity of 8.2±0.6 MBq (range: 7.5-10.0 MBq) at our institution between November 2019 and March 2022. (bvsalud.org)
Pancreatic cancer as a general term usually refers to pancreatic adenocarcinoma, an aggressive malignant cancer with a poor prognosis. (rarediseases.org)

Adrenal computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging studies of choice in AC. (medscape.com)
approximately 2% of the general adult population (7% of those over age 70 years) may have adrenal incidentalomas , biochemically and clinically asymptomatic adrenal masses found incidentally during unrelated imaging investigations , such as abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medscape.com)

Half of the patients with ACC exhibit symptoms and signs of excess steroid hormone production, while the remaining are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis or experience mechanical effects related to tumor growth. (cap.org)
Advanced imaging techniques often reveal adrenal tumors in asymptomatic patients. (cap.org)
however, an increasing number of ACs are identified in asymptomatic patients, as an incidental finding on imaging performed for other reasons (ie, adrenal incidentalomas). (medscape.com)

A diverse array of tumors can arise in the human kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
Wilms tumor is believed to arise from embryonic tissues called nephrogenic rests that fail to undergo normal involution ( 7 ). (abdominalkey.com)
A p heochromocytoma is another, rarer type of NET that usually develops in the adrenal gland , but can also arise in other parts of the body. (findzebra.com)
When such tumors arise outside of the adrenal gland, they are termed extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, or paragangliomas. (medscape.com)

The pathological parameters associated with tumor aggressiveness were also similar between the groups, except lymphovascular invasion. (bvsalud.org)
Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (lookformedical.com)

About 85% of pheochromocytomas are located within the adrenal glands, and 98% are within the abdomen. (medscape.com)
Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas develop in the paraganglion chromaffin tissue of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
Common locations for extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas include the organ of Zuckerkandl (close to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery), bladder wall, heart, mediastinum, and carotid and glomus jugulare bodies. (medscape.com)
Approximately 10% of pheochromocytomas and 35% of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are malignant. (medscape.com)

Amongst functioning tumors, cortisol-producing ACC is more common than aldosterone or sex hormone secreting tumors. (cap.org)
They can be functional, exhibiting a hormonal hypersecretion syndrome, but can be non-functional presenting with non-specific symptoms and include insulinoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma, somatostatinoma (SSoma), PPoma and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES, or gastrinoma) and other ectopic hormone producing tumors (such as GRFoma) (see these terms). (findzebra.com)
Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. (lookformedical.com)

[ 5 ] Ectopic adrenocortical tumors are exceedingly rare. (medscape.com)

Oftentimes, ACCs have thick capsules, broad fibrous bands, tumor cells arranged in disordered nests and trabeculae, and necrosis. (cap.org)

Although vascular and capsular invasion cannot be assessed, cytologic features on fine needle aspiration (FNA) such as hypercellularity, necrosis, and cellular dyscohesion, in conjunction with radiologic features of tumor size (greater than 4.0 cm), heterogeneity, and enhancement, favor ACC over other adrenal neoplasms. (cap.org)
mIBG enters cancer cells through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) where the radioactive decay of 131 I causes DNA damage, cell death, and tumor necrosis. (aspetjournals.org)

Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL). (lookformedical.com)

ACC is composed of epithelial cells originating from the adrenal cortex. (cap.org)

The classification of epithelial tumors of the kidney has in particular undergone substantial progress in the last two decades with major contributions from genetic typing of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). (abdominalkey.com)
This is followed by coverage of neoplasms in the more traditional categories of epithelial, mesenchymal, and other categories. (abdominalkey.com)

The groups were comparable in terms of gender, initial clinical signs and tumor histopathology. (bvsalud.org)
Cardio-Metabolic Indices and Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Clinical Severity of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. (ukw.de)

By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells are positive for inhibin and negative for chromogranin and S100. (cap.org)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the stability, safety, and efficacy of alpha-targeted therapy with [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE in patients with grade 1/2 metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). (bvsalud.org)

nonfunctioning neoplasms may produce hormones, but no systemic symptoms. (rarediseases.org)

The thyroid gland does in fact get mentioned frequently in NET patient discussions but many of the conversations I monitored didn't seem to fit my scenario - cue relentless study! (ronnyallan.net)

Norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporters, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins play differential roles in tumor targeting, systemic elimination, and accumulation in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)

Despite its selective uptake by neuroendocrine tumors, mIBG accumulates in several normal tissues and leads to tissue-specific radiation toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. (lookformedical.com)

A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)

The development of Wilms tumor has been linked to mutations of the WT1 and WT2 genes located on chromosome 11 at 11p13 and 11p15.5, respectively ( 8 , 9 ). (abdominalkey.com)

A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. (lookformedical.com)

For patients with advanced-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who do not respond to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy, there are limited treatment options. (bvsalud.org)

The pancreas is a gland located between the stomach, spleen, duodenum and colon transversum. (rarediseases.org)

Precise detection and diagnosis of specific tumor types and disease stages is essential for designing the appropriate and effective regimens for treatment. (aspetjournals.org)

Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome have an increased risk of developing Wilms tumor ( 5 , 6 ). (abdominalkey.com)

Histologically, the tumor is composed of sheets of cells with nuclear pleomorphism and areas of oncocytic appearance. (cap.org)
Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
A NET arises from cells that produce hormones, so the tumor can also produce hormones. (findzebra.com)

In this chapter, these will be covered using an approach that has become a standard one in dealing with this group of tumors. (abdominalkey.com)
The mean tumor size was greater in the younger age group (p=0.008). (bvsalud.org)

Imaging shows a large right adrenal mass, which is resected. (cap.org)

Wilms tumor often is greater than 5 cm in diameter, with an average size of 10 cm ( 3 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Tumor size was greater and lymphovascular invasion was more common in younger patients. (bvsalud.org)
Among the features that suggest a malignant course are large tumor size and an abnormal DNA ploidy pattern (aneuploidy, tetraploidy). (medscape.com)

Conclusion: PTC was the most common type of DTC and presented with considerable rates of lymph node and pulmonary metastases. (bvsalud.org)

Patients with lymph node and pulmonary metastases were more likely to have extrathyroidal extension and lymphovascular invasion. (bvsalud.org)

Hence, a major goal in cancer drug development and therapy is to increase tumor-specific drug uptake while reducing uptake into normal tissues to minimize toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)

Neonatal Wilms tumor is rare. (abdominalkey.com)
Wilms tumor is rare in adults ( 3 ). (abdominalkey.com)

Only a small number of adrenal incidentalomas (up to 10%) are functional, and only about 2% prove to be ACs. (medscape.com)

The tumor is malignant in 10% of cases but may be cured completely by surgical removal. (medscape.com)

While open laparotomy for adrenalectomy represents the standard of care, several reports suggest a role for laparoscopic resection if the adrenal tumor is small and there is no preoperative evidence of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
At the time, it was a bit of a shock as I had already been subjected to some radical surgery and wondered if this was just part of the relentless march of metastatic NET disease. (ronnyallan.net)

The typical case is characterized by a large unilateral adrenal mass with irregular edges. (medscape.com)

It is important to distinguish the histological variants of conventional ACC as they share similar features to secondary tumors that not infrequently involve the adrenal gland. (cap.org)

Radiologic and FNA cytologic studies are also useful in staging patients with possible metastatic lesions. (cap.org)

However, prospective studies are needed to determine the impact of treatment on overall survival and to uncover potential side effects. (bvsalud.org)

First German Guideline on Diagnostics and Therapy of Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Tumors. (ukw.de)

Anatomy19

Organisms3

Diseases73

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care11

Islet cell tumors1

Neuroendocrine neoplasms3

Liver5

Carcinoma4

Malignancy4

Benign7

Endocrine4

Pheochromocytoma4

Pancreatic2

Computed tomography2

Asymptomatic3

Arise4

Pathological2

Pheochromocytomas4

Hormone3

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Congenital1

Cortex1

Epithelial2

Clinical2

Immunohistochemistry1

NETs1

Symptoms1

Thyroid1

Systemic1

Tissue2

Cortisol1

Mutations1

URINARY BLADDER1

Prostate1

Pancreas1

Detection1

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Cells3

Group2

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Common1

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Tissues1

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