• VEGFR-2 selective inhibitor can interrupt multiple signaling pathways involved in tumor, including proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • There was no difference in cell proliferation between GBM6840 and DBTRG-05-MG cells expressing a chronophin targeting shRNA or a control shRNA and U87 cells transfected with an empty vector or a human chronophin encoding plasmid. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • It may also enhance cell proliferation and tumor aggressiveness. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the mechanism by which adenine inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells is sketchy. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of adenine against the proliferation of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Cisplatin is an alkylating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis and, thus, cell proliferation by causing DNA cross-links and denaturation of the double helix. (medscape.com)
  • Vinblastine inhibits microtubule formation, which disrupts formation of the mitotic spindle, causing cell proliferation to arrest at metaphase. (medscape.com)
  • Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
  • The role of miR‑497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC‑derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Many of these miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes, and are involved in cell activities that include development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and immunity ( 7 , 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2015. Eliminating roles for T-bet and IL-2 but revealing superior activation and proliferation as mechanisms underpinning dominance of regulatory T cells in tumors . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Ectopic expression of gene BCL2 enhances the survival and proliferation of chimpanzee and pig-tailed macaque iPSCs within the pre-implantation embryo, although the identity and long-term contribution of the transplanted cells warrants further investigation. (stanford.edu)
  • Enzastaurin apparently inhibits tumor growth via multiple mechanisms: suppression of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis. (lclabs.com)
  • Enzastaurin had a synergistic inhibitory effect with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on the proliferation of parental and gefitinib-resistant (GR) cancer cells. (lclabs.com)
  • Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • However, Tamoxifen Z isomer enters into the cell, competitively binding with ER to form receptor complexes, inhibiting that estrogen plays an role, and inhibiting proliferation of breast cancer cells. (lookchem.com)
  • IM combined with IR can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis, clonogenesis, invasion, migration and cell cycle of GIST cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Similarly, depletion in the STRIPAK component STRIP1 affects activation of GCKIII kinases and cell cycle disruption through elevated expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, enhanced levels of which lead to a protective effect from therapeutic treatments and increased proliferation. (lu.se)
  • Elimination of BCR/ABL-dependent intracellular signals triggers apoptosis, but it is unclear whether this activates additional cell survival and/or death pathways. (lu.se)
  • Also, PKB is overexpressed in 15% of ovarian cancers, 12% of pancreatic cancers and 3% of breast cancers, and was shown to produce a survival signal that protects cells from apoptosis thus contributing to resistance to chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • Ideally, a drug that inhibits PKB should cause both cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. (justia.com)
  • Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibition of cell viability was assessed with focus on apoptosis transcriptionally and translationally. (hindawi.com)
  • induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
  • LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
  • The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses signaling through the AKT pathway, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth of human colon cancer and glioblastoma xenografts. (lclabs.com)
  • Enzastaurin induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines by inhibiting signaling through the AKT pathway, which is caspase-independent. (lclabs.com)
  • Enzastaurin (LY317615), a protein kinase Cβ inhibitor, inhibits the AKT pathway and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. (lclabs.com)
  • NVP-BEZ235 (a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor), TSSC3 and specific Chinese herbal remedies enhance chemosensitivity in Operating-system by raising apoptosis which would depend of autophagic cell loss of life. (rue2011.com)
  • Silencing of ATG14, also termed Beclin-1-linked autophagy-related essential regulator, elevated cisplatin-induced apoptosis in SaOS-2 cells (19). (rue2011.com)
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Either DNA fragmentation or DNA condensation occurred in resveratrol-Triggered CAR cell apoptosis. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated resveratrol-Triggered cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cell apoptosis. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Resveratrol also enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and regulated autophagy-and pro-Apoptosis-related signals in resveratrol-Treated CAR cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • The signaling inhibition of VEGFR is through tumor vessels and not the tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tested against a panel of 96 kinases, TAK-285 showed specificity for inhibition of HER family kinases. (jcancer.org)
  • TAK-285 was examined in a model of breast cancer brain metastasis using direct intracranial injection of BT-474-derived luciferase-expressing cells and showed greater inhibition of brain tumor growth compared to animals treated with lapatinib. (jcancer.org)
  • The end result is inhibition of DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. (lsbio.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic analysis confirmed inhibition of lineage-committed progenitor cells in physioxic cultures. (stanford.edu)
  • However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
  • 16) that pre-treatment with spautin-1 improved the canine Operating-system cell inhibition induced by doxorubicin. (rue2011.com)
  • This double-edged sword aftereffect of autophagy was noticed by O'Farrill and Gordon (11), who discovered that autophagy inhibition led to increased awareness of LM7 metastatic individual Operating-system cells to gemcitabine, but reduced awareness in K7M3 metastatic murine Operating-system cells. (rue2011.com)
  • In keeping with the above results, Hollomon (18) uncovered that autophagy inhibition via ATG5 knockdown decreased camptothecin-induced cell loss of life in DLM8 metastatic murine Operating-system cells but elevated it in K7M3 cells. (rue2011.com)
  • Several oncogenic and tumor-suppressing genes have already been verified to modify OS chemoresistance via autophagy inhibition or activation. (rue2011.com)
  • Beclin-1 inhibition improved the awareness of both MG63 EC 144 and cisplatin-resistant MG63 cells to cisplatin and (20). (rue2011.com)
  • Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine prompted apoptotic cell loss of life in SaOS-2 cells that have been resistant to cisplatin (21). (rue2011.com)
  • Inhibition of autophagy via either ATG7 KRT20 little interfering (si)RNA or 3-MA improved doxorubicin cytotoxicity in U2Operating-system and SaOS-2 cells (22). (rue2011.com)
  • PHI1 exhibits discrete cellular selectivity for BRAF dimers, with enhanced inhibition of the second protomer when the first protomer is occupied, comprising a novel class of dimer selective inhibitors. (nature.com)
  • Anti-PD-L1 enhanced durable primary tumor control and survival when combined with mTOR (rapamycin), but not in combination with MEK inhibition (PD901) in immunogenic MOC1 tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Preclinically, RLY-4008 demonstrated FGFR2-dependent killing in cancer cell lines and induced regression in in vivo models, while minimal inhibition of other targets was observed, including other members of the FGFR family. (ozarksfirst.com)
  • The patient received CQ after failure of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, which suggests autophagy inhibition overcame the kinase inhibitor resistance. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition overcame molecularly distinct resistance mechanisms, inhibited tumor cell growth and increased cell death. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • In vitro, EGFR mutants demonstrated enhanced tyrosine kinase activity in response to epidermal growth factor and increased sensitivity to inhibition by gefitinib. (nih.gov)
  • Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)
  • The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)
  • Increased synthesis under pathological conditions makes Sprouty2 an attractive pharmacological target to enhance intracellular signaling activities, notably the ERK pathway, in affected neurons or activated astrocytes. (springer.com)
  • Taken together, targeting Sprouties as intracellular inhibitors of the ERK pathway holds great promise for the treatment of various neurological disorders including gliomas. (springer.com)
  • Targeting NAD kinase (NADK), a rate limiting enzyme of NADP biosynthesis pathway, represents a new promising approach to treat bacterial infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, IGF‑1R protein, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway‑associated proteins and cyclin pathway‑associated proteins were differentially expressed between miR‑497‑overexpressing cells and miR-497-silenced cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • BRAF kinase, a critical effector of the ERK signaling pathway, is hyperactivated in many cancers. (nature.com)
  • Therapies directed against this host pathway might preserve CD4 T cells and reduce chronic inflammation - two signature pathologies in HIV infection. (genomeweb.com)
  • We herein demonstrated that CADM1 interacts with Hippo pathway core kinases and enhances the phosphorylation of YAP1, and also that the membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 predicts a favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin fibroblasts in WS patients demonstrate characteristics of cells in conditions of stress with slow growth rates, an elongated cell cycle, and an altered morphology that suggests stress-induced premature senescence transduced in part by the p38α MAP kinase signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Sorafenib is used as an oral drug which inhibits angiogenesis and tumor cell growth in VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 (inhibits the phosphorylation), PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor), RAF kinase, FLT3 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3) and KIT (stem cell factor receptor). (wikipedia.org)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation on the receptor is regulated by internalization, degradation and by dephosphorylation through different protein tyrosine phosphatases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorylation at CDK1, CDK4, and CDK9 sites on, respectively, protein phosphatase 1alpha, retinoblastoma protein, and RNA polymerase II is inhibited in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to meriolins. (rcsb.org)
  • The proteins regulating cofilin phosphorylation are therefore valuable therapeutic targets for anti-invasive therapy in glioblastomas. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Levels of phosphorylation and protein expression were determined using western blotting. (hindawi.com)
  • The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
  • Consistent with an increased level of cyclin D1, the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and the levels of Rb-E2F-regulated genes cyclin A, cyclin E, MCM3, and PCNA are also elevated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation. (lu.se)
  • We further demonstrated that suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes enhanced cell death induced by IM in cell lines and primary CML cells. (lu.se)
  • Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
  • One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (lsbio.com)
  • Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • A panel of 11 genes selected according to microarray analysis were validated and tested further in 11 cancer cell lines, resulting in 4 genes, CXCR4, CDK6, USP15 and CDH1. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here, we show that p16 Ink4a deficiency enhances fasting-induced hepatic glucose production in vivo by increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic genes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a general experience that CAR T cell-based immunotherapy is not effective in eradicating solid tumors both in preclinical and clinical investigations. (hhs.gov)
  • Finally, some are engineering chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell systems that attack solid tumors and overcome the harsh barriers of the tumor microenvironment (TME). (genengnews.com)
  • RLY-4008 is currently being evaluated in a clinical trial in patients with advanced or metastatic FGFR2-altered solid tumors with a single arm, potentially registration-enabling cohort for FGFRi-naïve FGFR2-fusion CCA. (ozarksfirst.com)
  • RLY-4008 (lirafugratinib) is currently being evaluated in a global Phase 1/2 clinical trial (ReFocus) in patients with FGFR2-altered CCA and multiple other solid tumors including a single arm, potentially registration-enabling cohort for FGFRi-naïve FGFR2-fusion CCA. (ozarksfirst.com)
  • Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The situation with solid tumors is considerably more complex, and the evolution of targeted therapies for these cancers is still in its infancy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • At present, and for some years to come, the treatment of most solid tumors will continue to rely on a patchwork of empirically derived and newly introduced molecularly targeted agents. (cancernetwork.com)
  • By using them in combination, we aim to overcome this resistance and enhance anti-tumor effects. (kyinno.com)
  • We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed that microRNA-497 (miR-497) levels are decreased in tumors, and that it functions as a tumor suppressor in a number of types of human cancer, including colorectal, gastric, cervical and breast cancers, adrenocortical carcinoma and melanoma ( 12 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Sunitinib is used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Sequential activation of protein kinase C isoforms by organic dust is mediated by tumor necrosis factor. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase stabilizes mRNAs that contain cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor AU-rich elements by inhibiting deadenylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • p38 MAPK activation inhibited the deadenylation of reporter mRNAs containing either the cyclooxygenase-2 or tumor necrosis factor AREs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In our latest research, we've explored the combined use of EGFR and MET inhibitors. (kyinno.com)
  • EGFR inhibitors bring great benefits to lung cancer patients. (kyinno.com)
  • However, one of the resistant mechanisms for EGFR inhibitors is met signaling over-activation. (kyinno.com)
  • Both in vitro and in vivo studies show neither EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 nor MET inhibitor AZD6094 can inhibit tumor growth. (kyinno.com)
  • Breast cancer therapy has improved following the development of drugs with specific molecular targets, exemplified by inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. (jcancer.org)
  • We investigated the effects of TAK-285, a novel, investigational, dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor that has been shown to penetrate the CNS and has comparable inhibitory efficacy to lapatinib which is a known Pgp substrate. (jcancer.org)
  • In mouse and rat xenograft tumor models, TAK-285 showed antitumor activity against cancers that expressed HER2 or EGFR. (jcancer.org)
  • A team of Harvard University researchers reports in Science on its examination of insertion mutations into the EGFR exon 20 in non-small cell lung cancer. (genomeweb.com)
  • Most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have no response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (nih.gov)
  • We searched for mutations in the EGFR gene in primary tumors from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who had a response to gefitinib, those who did not have a response, and those who had not been exposed to gefitinib. (nih.gov)
  • A subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have specific mutations in the EGFR gene, which correlate with clinical responsiveness to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. (nih.gov)
  • The VEGF receptor family contains three members, which are all receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3). (wikipedia.org)
  • In recent years, the search for intracellular signaling integrator downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases provided valuable novel substrates. (springer.com)
  • the resulting unfavorable effector to target (E:T) ratio in the tumor microenvironment has a negative impact on the antitumor activity of CAR T cells, as indicated by the results generated by preclinical and clinical investigations. (hhs.gov)
  • A typical Indukine consists of a wild-type cytokine, an inactivation domain to block activity in the periphery, a tumor-protease-sensitive linker that activates in the tumor microenvironment, and a half-life extension domain. (genengnews.com)
  • The tumour microenvironment (TME) contains several other cell types apart from cancer cells which play a role not only in the regulation of the environment but in response to treatments. (lu.se)
  • In addition, obesity is associated with progression (but not incidence) of tumour microenvironment through prostate cancer. (who.int)
  • and a growing number of biologic agents for targeted therapy, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors (eg, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib), which are used for melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Frequency of mutations in PIK3CA gene is higher in tumors without lymph node metastasis, than those with in gastric cancer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
  • These mutations, the team notes, are associated with reduced sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors like gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, which they confirmed in an in vitro study. (genomeweb.com)
  • The functional consequences of identified mutations were evaluated after the mutant proteins were expressed in cultured cells. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations were either small, in-frame deletions or amino acid substitutions clustered around the ATP-binding pocket of the tyrosine kinase domain. (nih.gov)
  • Similar mutations were detected in tumors from 2 of 25 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer who had not been exposed to gefitinib (8 percent). (nih.gov)
  • These mutations lead to increased growth factor signaling and confer susceptibility to the inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • More than 70 disease-causing mutations have been described, the majority being stop codon mutations, splice mutations, or small ins/del-producing truncations of the protein and/or non-sense-mediated decay of mutant mRNA. (medscape.com)
  • VEGFR-2 is a 210-230 kDa glycoprotein expressed in vascular endothelial cells and in hematopoietic stem cells and binds VEGF-A. VEGFR-2 is closely related to VEGFR-1 for they have common and specific ligands but VEGFR-2 is a highly active kinase while VEGFR1 is an impaired receptor tyrosine kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • If the estrogen receptor (ER) is present in breast cancer cells, estrogen enters into tumor cells and binds with ER, promoting mRNA and DNA synthesis of tumor cells, stimulating tumor cell growth. (lookchem.com)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)
  • For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
  • All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
  • Transciptomic characterization of GBM6840 cells by microarray analysis and subsequent comparison of the data with microarray profiles of normal brain tissues and different glioma entities identified two specifically chronophin regulated transcripts potentially involved in tumor progression and invasion, MXI1 and EDIL3. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • It has been shown that chronophin depletion strongly enhanced invasiveness of glioma cells and that it induced transcriptomic changes potentially involved in tumor progression. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) represses cell cycle progression by directly phosphorylating cyclin D1 and indirectly regulating cyclin D1 transcription by inhibiting Wnt signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrate that laforin is a selective phosphatase for GSK-3β and regulates cell cycle progression by GSK-3β-dependent mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • Dabrafenib inhibits some mutated forms of BRAF kinases with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5, and 1.84 nM for BRAF V600E, BRAF V600K, and BRAF V600D enzymes, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Oncogenic BRAF V600E signals as an active monomer in the absence of active RAS, however, in many tumors BRAF dimers mediate ERK signaling. (nature.com)
  • FDA-approved RAF inhibitors poorly inhibit BRAF dimers, which leads to tumor resistance. (nature.com)
  • We found that Ponatinib, an FDA-approved drug, is an effective inhibitor of BRAF monomers and dimers. (nature.com)
  • Using these structural insights, we developed PHI1, a BRAF inhibitor that fully uncovers the allosteric site. (nature.com)
  • This work shows that Ponatinib and BRAF dimer selective inhibitors will be useful in treating BRAF-dependent tumors. (nature.com)
  • Abstract Glioblastomas, primary brain tumors, represent a tumor entity with a dismal prognosis and a median survival of only about one year. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms promoting the invasive behavior of these brain tumors is needed to identify new therapeutic targets. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Cofilin, an actin regulatory protein, has been shown to be an important regulator of the invasive behavior of tumor cells in other types Abstract Glioblastomas, primary brain tumors, represent a tumor entity with a dismal prognosis and a median survival of only about one year. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Brain tumors are one of the most common and deadly cancers in children, but our team is working to change that. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Our researchers were able to block autophagy in three brain tumor patients by using an inexpensive, FDA-approved drug, which could lead to better treatments for some brain tumors. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Brain tumors with a mutation called BRAFV600E use autophagy to survive treatment from drugs that target it. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • In 2014, Jean Mulcahy-Levy, MD , pediatric oncologist in the Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders at Children's Hospital Colorado, and other researchers found that brain tumors with a mutation called BRAFV600E use autophagy to survive treatment from drugs that target it. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Many of the researchers in the 2014 study returned to test the hypothesis in vemurafenib-resistant brain tumors. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Recent work has demonstrated that DNA-damage pathways are activated very early in the process of tumor development, 89 and elegant epidemiologic studies demonstrated long ago that exposure to environmental agents contributes to the development of the vast majority of human cancers. (the-scientist.com)
  • Pharmaceutical compositions that include these protein kinase inhibitors, and methods of using such compositions for treatment of cancers and other diseases associated with protein kinase activity are also disclosed. (justia.com)
  • This protein has a wide range of physiological functions, and plays central role in multiple types of cancers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Rebecsinib is a novel small molecule inhibitor of ADAR1 splicing that selectively eradicates therapy-resistant cancer stem cells in blood cancers. (ca.gov)
  • The concept of synthetic lethality (SL) holds great promise for the treatment of human cancers, best exemplified by the now widespread use of PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutant cancers. (nature.com)
  • RLY-4008 (lirafugratinib) is a potent, selective and oral small molecule inhibitor of FGFR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is frequently altered in certain cancers. (ozarksfirst.com)
  • Brain and spine tumors are the second most common type of pediatric cancers, and are responsible for killing more children than any other type of cancer. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Like other cancers, brain and spine tumors often use a process called autophagy to survive the treatments (which means that the treatment doesn't work to stop the spread of cancer). (childrenscolorado.org)
  • For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these therapies are having in the disease. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Single drugs may cure selected cancers (eg, choriocarcinoma, hairy cell leukemia). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Such activity would result in increased cell death of tumor tissue where PKB is elevated, and in decreased resistance to chemotherapy agents. (justia.com)
  • Direct correlation between resistance to chemotherapy and activation of PKB was shown in several prostate cancer cell lines and in human tumorogenic tissues, and elevation of PKB levels in prostate tumor tissues, is clinically associated with HRPC (Yongde et al. (justia.com)
  • The concept has now been extended to embrace synthetic lethal drug sensitivity, such as that observed with PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy in a variety of BRCA defective tumors 10 . (nature.com)
  • 4. Dual function of autophagy in Operating-system chemoresistance As autophagy could be prompted by chemotherapy medications, an increasing number of research have centered on the association between autophagy and chemoresistance in tumor cells (11,16). (rue2011.com)
  • On the main one hands, autophagy assists tumor cells survive in the current presence of chemotherapy drugs through the elimination of its own broken organelles and protein (17). (rue2011.com)
  • The present study established a docetaxel-resistant gastric cancer cell line and evaluated the alteration of mRNA expression levels globally by microarray, in an attempt to obtain novel predictive biomarkers for docetaxel chemotherapy. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Due to the unobvious early symptoms and the influence of some adverse factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) cannot benefit significantly from treatments such as radical surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The patients more vulnerable to COVID-19 disease are those suffering from lymphoma, leukemia, or myeloma, those with ongoing radical radiotherapy for lung cancer, immunotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, protein kinase inhibitors, antibodies, or poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. (researchdive.com)
  • For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ipilimumab is able to inhibit the effects of CTLA-4 on T cells and allows the expansion of naturally developed melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cells. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, overexpression of miR‑497 was observed to inhibit colony formation and tumor growth in MHCC‑97H human HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • Together, these findings suggest that autophagy inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effects of TKIs in the treatment of CML. (lu.se)
  • The advantage of combination therapy lies in its potential to overcome drug resistance, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and reduce side effects. (kyinno.com)
  • In vivo combination studies offer insight into drug interactions facilitating profound insight into therapeutic dynamics, paving the way for enhanced medical research, optimizing patient care, and driving informed decision-making processes. (kyinno.com)
  • They illuminate drug synergy or antagonism, serving as an essential tool for crafting enhanced therapeutic strategies and optimized drug formulations. (kyinno.com)
  • Our investigations are ongoing in biomarkers of resistance and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer, melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. (massgeneral.org)
  • It exhibits potent antitumor activity by activating tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and has a better therapeutic window relative to recombinant human IL-2. (genengnews.com)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Tumor stem cell-targeted immunotherapy. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Mechanism Destruction of host tumor stem cells by adaptive humoral cellular immunity will eradicate the origin of melanoma which will extend patient survival. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device The therapeutic product candidate is autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) transduced with the G1XCGD lentiviral vector. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Cryopreserved autologous TRAC locus 1XX BCMA-CAR T cells Indication Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma Therapeutic Mechanism Engineered T cells target and kill BCMA+ Myeloma cells Unmet Medical Need No durable treatments are available for RRMM and only ~30% of patients can access current BCMA CAR therapies. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Tissue implant engineered using expanded, allogeneic chondroprogenitor cells Indication Defects of the temporomandibular joint disc complex Therapeutic Mechanism Though the mechanism has not been established, Hyaleon®️ may initially act as a load bearing structure that fills defects of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc complex. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device AS-202, an antisense oligonucleotide Indication Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Therapeutic Mechanism AS-202 targets PIKFYVE, a lipid kinase. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device The therapeutic candidate is a patient specific (autologous) induced pluripotent stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelium (AiPSC-RPE) product. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic approaches that target the metabolism of tumor cells have been a popular research topic in recent years. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Convection enhanced delivery (CED), an innovative technique that directly infuses a therapeutic agent into a brain tumor through a cannula, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is safe and feasible for treating diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), according to our experience to date in an ongoing phase I clinical trial at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). (mskcc.org)
  • Relay Therapeutics' initial focus is on enhancing small molecule therapeutic discovery in targeted oncology and genetic disease indications. (wrbl.com)
  • This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
  • Other TME components are investigated for the purpose of anti-stromal therapy as a method to bypass the desmoplastic reaction within certain tumour types. (lu.se)
  • The present invention relates to cell permeable, stable conjugates comprising a cell-permeability enhancement moiety and a peptide or peptidomimetic, as selective inhibitors of protein kinases, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, as well as to processes for the preparation and use of such complex molecules. (justia.com)
  • Novel selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) have achieved outstanding preclinical results and are currently in Phase I trials. (massgeneral.org)
  • We have shown here that IM induces autophagy in CML blast crisis cell lines, CML primary cells, and p210BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursor cells. (lu.se)
  • Protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin induces in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. (lclabs.com)
  • By inhibiting PIKFYVE activity, it induces exosomal secretion, which robustly clears misfolded proteins including C9ORF72 dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), TDP-43 and tau from neurons. (ca.gov)
  • A common problem is that tumor heterogeneity prevents prodrugs from being adequately activated. (genengnews.com)
  • He currenty leads research programmes in neurosurgically-applied drug delivery, brain tumour heterogeneity and brain tumour metabolism as Associate Professor, with a grant portfolio of £6M since 2013. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • With the development of tumor molecular heterogeneity theory(12), there are still some patients with GIST who are sensitive to radiotherapy, especially for the patients with advanced stage(13-16).In addition, with the development of imaging technology and modern tissue and organ radiation technology, it has become a reality to concentrate high-dose radiation locally in abdominal cavity tumors(12), which challenges RT's insensitivity to GISTs. (researchsquare.com)
  • A selectivity study done on 32 kinases showed that, compared with variolin B, meriolins display enhanced specificity toward CDKs, with marked potency on CDK2 and CDK9. (rcsb.org)
  • The complex molecules are preferably peptide conjugates having improved cell-permeability, serum stability and kinase selectivity compared to known protein kinase inhibitors. (justia.com)
  • Useful for the study of enzyme kinetics, screening inhibitors, and selectivity profiling. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Physioxia improves the selectivity of hematopoietic stem cell expansion cultures. (stanford.edu)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and contains two extracellular α subunits (including the ligand-binding site) and two β subunits (with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity) ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • IM, nilotinib, or dasatinib, with inhibitors of autophagy resulted in near complete elimination of phenotypically and functionally defined CML stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Alternatively, excessive autophagy eventually network marketing leads to cell loss of life (17). (rue2011.com)
  • In autophagy-related EC 144 Operating-system chemoresistance, autophagy can become the cytoprotective procedure or autophagic cell loss of life (Fig. 2). (rue2011.com)
  • Open up in another window Amount 2 Autophagy regulates Operating-system chemoresistance, tumor and metastasis immunity. (rue2011.com)
  • In addition, miRNAs boost OS chemosensitivity by either inhibiting cytoprotective inducing or autophagy autophagic cell loss of life. (rue2011.com)
  • These inhibitors of PI3K class III (3-MA) and AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) (compound c) suppressed the autophagic vesicle formation, LC3-II protein levels and autophagy induced by resveratrol. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Brain and spine tumors use a process called autophagy to overcome treatments aimed at killing the cancer. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Autophagy allows cells to reuse proteins for energy when the cell is being threatened. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Researchers hypothesized that blocking autophagy may make the drugs more effective against BRAFV600E tumors and overcome resistance. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • In the earlier research, a patient with a BRAFV600E brainstem ganglioglioma was successfully treated by repurposing the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), which is an inexpensive, FDA-approved drug used to treat malaria. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Autophosphorylated VEGFR-2 is required for activation of several downstream pathways, which are hyperactivated in some tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • These signaling pathways are important in tumor angiogenesis, which stimulates tumor growth by supplying the tumor with oxygen and nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinases (NAD kinases) are essential and ubiquitous enzymes involved in the production of NADP(H) which is an essential cofactor in many metabolic pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Protein kinases are involved in signal transduction pathways linking growth factors, hormones and other cell regulation molecules to cell growth, survival and metabolism under both normal and pathological conditions. (justia.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory effects of SHE treatment involved blocking of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathways. (researchgate.net)
  • As of October 2018, it is in phase III of clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Human gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901, oesophageal cancer cell line CaEs-17, hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721, QGY-7701 and HepG2, pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 and colon cancer cell lines LoVo and Ls174T were obtained from the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology (Shanghai, China). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In advanced non-small cell lung cancer bevacizumab (Avastin) is used as a first-line treatment in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a preclinical study, AZD7648 treatment inhibited viability of ATM knockout non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in culture ( PMID: 31699977 ). (jax.org)
  • 2020. Primary breast tumours but not lung metastases induce protective anti-tumour immune responses after Treg-depletion . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • There are primarily two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC, and the former accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. (nature.com)
  • It results in the arrested growth of tumour cells at G 2 -M phase in a variety of tumours, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hormone-refractory prostate cancer, advanced gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 in lung tumors predicts good prognosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Numerous research and development are being carried out to use the benefits of cancer stem cells to cure skin, breast, lung, and brain cancer, which is influencing the global market of cancer stem cells. (researchdive.com)
  • Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • It phosphorylates and activates protein kinase B (PKB) protein. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Genome instability activates stress kinases, implying that kinase inhibitors may form the basis of antiaging therapies for individuals with WS. (medscape.com)
  • We describe here the meriolins, a new family of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). (rcsb.org)
  • The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. (rcsb.org)
  • Using ex vivo thymocytes and primary embryonic fibroblasts from Epm2a -/- mice, we show here a general function of laforin in the cell cycle regulation and repression of cyclin D1 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, there is a need for rational design of a potent protein kinase B-Raf inhibitor devoid of binding to the secondary target PXR and resisting rapid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the vast differences in metabolism between healthy and tumor cells, there is hope that selective targeting of tumor metabolism may be achieved while limiting toxicity to healthy tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The most striking and characteristic metabolic alteration in cancer cells is anomalous glucose metabolism and cancer cells tend to utilize glycolysis to obtain energy even under aerobic conditions via a process called 'aerobic glycolysis' ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Biology of Metastasis - Adhesion Molecules and Cell-Cell/Matrix Interactions 1 (Migration) ( MSc Oncology , A34C02/L/05 Tumour Physiology) (2015-present). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Biology of Metastasis - Adhesion Molecules and Cell-Cell/Matrix Interactions 2 (Invasion) ( MSc Oncology , A34C02/L/05 Tumour Physiology) (2015-present). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • We recently demonstrated that abrogating Sprouty2 function strongly inhibits intracranial tumor growth and leads to significantly prolonged survival of glioblastoma bearing mice by induction of ERK-dependent DNA replication stress. (springer.com)
  • This approach involves using multiple drugs simultaneously to target different aspects of tumor growth and survival. (kyinno.com)
  • Adenine improves the survival of rat Purkinje cells and enhances the storage of erythrocyte in whole blood [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, drug resistance to these inhibitors is developed resulting in only short-term improvement of patients' survival 15 . (nature.com)
  • Key international collaborations include Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic and University of Louvain, with a research highlight demonstrating a long-term survival benefit in orthotopic brain tumour models when combined chemotherapeutics are delivered at neurosurgery via a biodegradable paste ( Clinical Cancer Research 25 (16): 5094-5106, 2019). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)
  • Associations of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score With Tumor Characteristics and Survival. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Trametinib is a reversible inhibitor of mitogen-activated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 activation, and of MEK1 and MEK2 kinase activity. (medscape.com)
  • PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit a) is one of the four catalytic subunits of PI3K protein, which plays an essential role in extracellular growth signaling. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • 2020. Immune remodelling of the extracellular matrix drives loss of cancer stem cells and tumor rejection . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Olsson PO, Gustafsson R, In 't Zandt R, Friman T, Maccarana M, Tykesson E, Oldberg Å, Rubin K, Kalamajski S. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib Augments Extracellular Fluid Exchange and Reduces Average Collagen Fibril Diameter in Experimental Carcinoma. (lu.se)
  • The latter has been selected as the target of our immunotherapeutic strategy, since it is highly expressed on UM cell lines and mUM tumor tissue samples, but has a limited expression on normal tissues. (hhs.gov)
  • We have spent considerable time and effort designing substrates that can be efficiently cleaved by tumor proteases yet remain stable in normal tissues and plasma," said Cynthia Seidel-Dugan, PhD, chief scientific officer, Werewolf Therapeutics. (genengnews.com)
  • However, the accurate quantitation of mixed cell types in chimeric and mosaic tissues is complicated by sample preparation bias, transgenic silencing, phenotypic similarity, and low-throughput analytical pipelines. (stanford.edu)
  • VEGFR-2 inhibitor, also known as kinase insert domain receptor(KDR) inhibitor, are tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors that reduce angiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis, leading to anticancer activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein kinases represent promising anticancer drug targets. (rcsb.org)
  • In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of adenine and the underlying mechanism in colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, adenine has been explored for its anticancer property in several types of cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • We explored the possible mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of adenine in colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Clinically it is mainly used for high levels of estrogen in breast cancer patients, which combines with androgen and other anticancer drugs (such as doxorubicin, etc., enhancing the effectiveness and showing good effect in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. (lookchem.com)
  • A recent link of the p53 tumor suppressor gene to Huntington disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases supports this notion. (the-scientist.com)
  • Deletions in the gene coding for the tumor suppressor PTEN also induce the persistent activation of PKB/cAkt since it is the negative regulator of this enzyme. (justia.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutation in this gene leads to enhanced PI3K activity, and it is a candidate transforming oncogene. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Here, we describe the concept of augmented synthetic lethality (ASL): depletion of a third gene product enhances a pre-existing synthetic lethal combination. (nature.com)
  • Importantly, resveratrol also stimulated the autophagic mRNA gene expression, including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3-II in CAR cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Materials and Methods: Microarray analysis was performed to explore various gene expression levels between parental and docetaxel-resistant cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor stem cell-targeted immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma -a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. (ca.gov)
  • Imatinib mesylate (IM), a potent inhibitor of the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, has become standard first-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but the frequency of resistance increases in advancing stages of disease. (lu.se)
  • Key drug efflux transporters operational in preserving the BBB are the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter, which belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) ABCG2 ( 4 , 5 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Kinase inhibitors are effective when used in cancer therapies, but tumors often develop resistance to the treatment. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Kinase inhibitors are effective cancer therapies, but tumors often develop resistance. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • However, acquired resistance and limited biomarker positive patients (e.g., only 1-3% of PDAC and CRC) limit broader access and overall response to G12C inhibitors, prompting evaluation of combination partners including immune therapies. (immuneering.com)
  • [ 2 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • In vivo, when injected into NOD-SCID mice, chronophin depleted cells showed a dramatic growth reduction as compared to control and rescue cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Ex vivo HSC expansion has been suggested as an approach to improve hematopoietic reconstitution from low-cell dose grafts. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, we provide evidence that HSC-selective ex vivo cultures deplete GvHD-causing T cells and that this approach can be combined with genotoxic-free antibody-based conditioning HSCT approaches. (stanford.edu)
  • These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inhibitors of GSK-3β selectively increased the cell growth of Epm2a +/+ but not of Epm2a -/- cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • Single-strand breaks are easily fixed, but double-strand breaks require the complex mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination, the latter only being useful in late S, G 2 or M phases of the cell cycle, when homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • 3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)
  • The company's prodrugs are called Indukine molecules, and they are designed to unleash pro-inflammatory mechanisms on tumors while preventing unwanted side effects on nontarget tissue. (genengnews.com)
  • In this study, we explore mechanisms in breast cancer cells that potentially lead to recurrence. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, this combination does not affect B7- H3 expression by UM cells and the antitumor activity of B7-H3 CAR T cells. (hhs.gov)
  • 2020. Enhanced antitumor immunity through sequential targeting of PI3Kδ and LAG3 . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we investigated the oral antitumor activity of resveratrol and its mechanism in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The nature and length of the link between the two adenosine units were examined leading to sub-micromolar inhibitors of NADK1 from L. monocytogenes, including its most potent in vitro inhibitor reported so far (with a 300-fold improvement compared to NKI1). (bvsalud.org)
  • In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
  • Meriolin 3 potently inhibits tumor growth in two mouse xenograft cancer models, namely, Ewing's sarcoma and LS174T colorectal carcinoma. (rcsb.org)
  • In a preclinical study, AZD7648 treatment inhibited tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of ovarian cancer harboring a TP53 mutation and wild-type ATM ( PMID: 31699977 ). (jax.org)
  • Tumor xenograft data from Balb/c nude mice demonstrated that HCC cells with high NEK2 expression formed larger tumors than those with low NEK2 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • The fact that XPO1 and other essential nucleo-cytoplasmatic transport proteins are over expressed in cancer, specifically in melanoma, offers the opportunity to treat cancer by modulating this transport system. (massgeneral.org)
  • 5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
  • These kinase inhibitors work by blocking the activity of their respective proteins, thereby halting tumor growth. (kyinno.com)
  • Interestingly, combined treatment with AZD9291 and AZD6094 indicates their synergy effect on tumor growth. (kyinno.com)
  • Our findings suggest that adenine inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • It is of interest to explore the inhibitory effect of adenine on the growth of colorectal cancer cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. (hindawi.com)
  • The protein expression of one of the predicted common targets of miR‑497, insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R), was assessed using western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conversely, SMMC‑7721 human HCC cells transfected with a miR‑497 inhibitor exhibited enhanced colony formation and tumor growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, and may also have a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The implications of this finding overshadowed the importance of mitochondria for tumor growth for a long time. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The global market of cancer stem cells is, however, experiencing remarkable growth during this period. (researchdive.com)
  • Alongside the development of stem cells for stem line funding and evolving induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (PSC) lines are also contributing to the growth of the global market of cancer stem cells. (researchdive.com)
  • In the GSK-3β +/+ but not the GSK-3β -/- cells, Epm2a small interfering RNA significantly enhanced cell growth. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Breast cancer is one of the most common primary tumors to develop associated brain metastases ( 1 , 2 ), and while recent progress in cancer therapy has improved control of primary breast tumors, methods to effectively treat brain metastases from breast cancer remain inadequate. (jcancer.org)
  • The information in the literature and our preliminary results have provided the rationale to design a strategy which applies first a tumor debulking approach to reduce tumor load and then CAR T cell- based immunotherapy to eradicate UM metastases. (hhs.gov)
  • A study in Nature suggests epitope editing in donor stem cells prior to bone marrow transplants can stave off toxicity when targeting acute myeloid leukemia with immunotherapy. (genomeweb.com)
  • Anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a humanized antibody that overcomes CTLA-4-mediated T-cell suppression to enhance the immune response against tumors. (medscape.com)
  • 2022. Three-dimensional imaging reveals immune-driven tumor-associated high endothelial venules as a key correlate of tumor rejection following depletion of regulatory T cells . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Another company reported that it is testing a chimeric PD-1 antibody/IL-2 fusion protein that recruits killer immune cells. (genengnews.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare hematopoietic cell type that can entirely reconstitute the blood and immune systems following transplantation. (stanford.edu)
  • Additionally, SHE treatment reduced the infiltration of immune cells such as mast cells and macrophages in AD skin lesions. (researchgate.net)
  • Also in Science , researchers led by the University of California, San Francisco's Warner Greene report that interferon-gamma-inducible protein 16 acts as a host DNA sensor that triggers an immune response and CD4 T cell death in response to an abortive HIV infection. (genomeweb.com)
  • In contrast to G12C-mutant focused KRAS inhibitors, MEK inhibitors could broaden the potential for immune therapy in RAS-mutant tumors, but they have been largely ineffective in this setting as monotherapy. (immuneering.com)
  • Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Considerable effort has thus been devoted to generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from multiple non-human primate species. (stanford.edu)
  • The cancer stem cells market is one such industry that has seen a positive impact during this crisis. (researchdive.com)
  • Cancer stem cells are also referred to as tumor-initiating cells or TIC. (researchdive.com)
  • Government bodies and healthcare experts around the world are making investments in research & development in the industry in order to enhance the profitability of cancer stem cells in the treatment of cancer patients. (researchdive.com)
  • Medical experts have proposed that stem cells-based immunomodulation treatment must be applied as an appropriate, helpful approach to treat COVID-19. (researchdive.com)
  • From the above discussion, it has become clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be very impactful for the cancer stem cells market. (researchdive.com)
  • We explore signalling alterations resulting in cancer stem cells as well as cell cycle arrest and cell fate determination. (lu.se)
  • In line with this, the activity of a c-myc reporter plasmid was increased after chronophin depletion in GBM6840 and reduced after chronophin expression in U87 cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • PKB is an anti-apoptotic protein kinase whose activity is strongly elevated in human malignancies. (justia.com)
  • Isoform 2 enhances the transactivation activity of isoform 1 from some but not all TP53-inducible promoters. (lsbio.com)
  • One unit of 110a/p85a kinase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme required to produce 1 pmol of Phosphoinositol-3, 4,5-Trisphosphate/min at 37°C. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In contrast, PKC activity was enhanced by 6 hours after HDE treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Biochemical data consistently demonstrated that αC-IN inhibitors are more effective in inhibiting dimeric RAF activity compared to αC-OUT inhibitors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • KRAS-G12C inhibitors (sotorasib/adagrasib) have demonstrated single-agent activity in all three tumor types. (immuneering.com)
  • These data provide a cellular basis for the tumor suppression activity of laforin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • In addition, chronic diagnostic test for follow-up of patients cy and for biochemical determination inflammation associated with the infec- with H. pylori gastritis and were able of tissue COX-2 activity using COX tion leads to damage in proteins, the to predict the risk of development of Activity Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical production of reactive oxygen species stomach cancer. (who.int)
  • Tumors that developed in mice deficient in INK4A were enhanced by the topical application of carcinogens and ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
  • The exact biological mechanism(s) by which the BBB limits drug exposure is not clear, but in addition to epithelial tight junctions, enhanced efflux of chemotherapeutic agents out of the CNS space by endothelial cell membrane transporters in brain blood vessels plays a primary role ( 2 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Dust samples collected from Nebraska swine confinement facilities (hog dust extract [HDE]) are known to elicit proinflammatory cytokine release from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and its onset is relatively insidious. (frontiersin.org)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit a) is one of the four subunits of the 110kDa catalytic subunit of PI3K protein, which contains a regulatory region of 85kDa. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • PI3K proteins form a family of lipid kinases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Upregulation of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 expression in OPSCC with integrated HPV16 and HPV-negative tumors is an indicator of poor prognosis. (cancerindex.org)