• Together they generated the DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti) inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory is also the world's source for more than 8,000 strains of genetically defined mice and is home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to map a wide range of Mendelian loci and quantitative traits (Taylor, 1989). (nervenet.org)
  • Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
  • There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable susceptibility to a fibrotic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Few studies have assessed the effect of the same injury stimulus in different organ systems using the same strains of mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mice are also easy to breed with a short generation time and a short life span allowing direct study of disease development and can accurately eludicidate how genetic sequences may vary in different strains and result in susceptibility to fibrotic pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a common genetic approach that has been used in the past two decades to identify loci involved in differences in fibrotic response between inbred strains of mice [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this approach, two inbred strains that differ in fibrotic response are crossed and the F1 offspring are either mated together (intercross) or to one of the parental strains (backcross). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative trait loci analysis can be time consuming and can only analyse two different mouse strains at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [4] Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS , containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. (lookformedical.com)
  • CBi is an inbred mouse strain derived from an outbred population generated by crossing BALB/c, Rockland, NIH and Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Data were collected from studies that were deemed eligible for analysis based on set inclusion criteria, and findings were assessed in relation to strain of mouse, type of injury and organ of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is evidence that mouse strain differences influence susceptibility to fibrosis and this appears to be organ specific. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help determine why some people are more susceptible to the development of certain organ specific fibrosis than others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, C57BL/6J mice are resistant to hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis but susceptible to pulmonary and intestinal fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insect larvae such as tobacco hornworm can accelerate and economize preclinical research by complementing classic laboratory animals such as rats and mice. (uni-giessen.de)
  • Mice are mammals of the clade (a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants) Euarchontoglires, which means they are amongst the closest non-primate relatives of humans along with lagomorphs, treeshrews, and flying lemurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small mammals like mice or rats are indispensable for preclinical research. (uni-giessen.de)
  • Mice belong to the Euarchontoglires clade, which includes humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This close relationship, the associated high homology with humans, their ease of maintenance and handling, and their high reproduction rate, make mice particularly suitable models for human-oriented research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although in vivo models of pathologic processes are useful only if they provide information that can be extrapolated to other species of interest, particularly to humans, and it is known that no model behaves ideally, it is also true that they allow not only to replicate but also, in some cases, to anticipate the genetic architecture of complex human phenotypes as is the case of cancer disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BALB/c mice demonstrate pronounced autism-relevant behavioral phenotype characterized by low level of social relations, high levels of anxiety and aggression, increased brain weight, undeveloped corpus callosum, and lower serotonin concentration in the brain [7,12]. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • It was generated to be used as a base population of broad genetic basis and as the control line of an experiment of artificial body-conformation selection which gave rise, among others, to CBi − and CBi/L mice lines [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
  • Our idea was to make mice that had identical genetic backgrounds but differed in only one phenotype: the ability to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte response. (aai.org)
  • Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice. (lookformedical.com)
  • The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice provide a suitable model for the study of human genetics because more than 95% of the genome is identical. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To date, the Mouse Genome Database through The Jackson Laboratory, lists 24 QTL in mice associated with fibrosis of which all but 3 are phenotypes in the lung. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of genomic studies used to identify susceptibility pathways involved in disease pathologies have been performed in the mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1902 Lucien Cuénot published the results of his experiments using mice which showed that Mendel's laws of inheritance were also valid for animals - results that were soon confirmed and extended to other species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In experiments, the models of idiopathic ASD are based on inbred mice selected by behavioral phenotype. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Laboratory mice are usually of the species Mus musculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other mouse species sometimes used in laboratory research include two American species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). (wikipedia.org)
  • The results obtained support the conclusion that the system M-406 plus the inbred mouse lines CBi, CBi − and CBi/L, is a good murine model to study the process of tumor immunoediting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mouse has since been used extensively as a model organism and is associated with many important biological discoveries of the 20th and 21st Centuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice have been used in biomedical research since the 17th century (from May 30, 1678) when William Harvey used them for his studies on reproduction and blood circulation and Robert Hooke used them to investigate the biological consequences of an increase in air pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early part of the 20th century, Harvard undergraduate Clarence Cook Little was conducting studies on mouse genetics in the laboratory of William Ernest Castle. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the 18th century Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier both used mice to study respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present study was designed to characterize the interaction between mammary adenocarcinoma M-406 and CBi, CBi − and CBi/L inbred mice lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study revealed the potency of Afobazole to promote retraining and reversal learning of BALB/c mice, which manifested in increased rate of adaptation to novel environment and more effective solution of the modified task. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • When CBi mice are s.c. challenged with M-406, tumor growths exponentially in 100% of animals, while in CBi − the tumor growths briefly and then begins a rejection process in 100% of the animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work was designed to examine the effects of Afobazole on cognitive rigidity in BALB/c mice. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • In CBi/L FS mice the tumor behavior is more complex as it begins with an exponential growth pattern in all challenged mice and, after a variable length period, the tumor is completely eliminated in some individuals while in others continues growing exponentially or enters in a state of equilibrium where no additional growth is detectable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The laboratory mouse or lab mouse is a small mammal of the order Rodentia which is bred and used for scientific research or feeders for certain pets. (wikipedia.org)
  • CNS and behavioral activity of rutin were on hole board, thiopental-induced sleeping time and locomotor activity tests in mice. (fuqna.com)
  • Results We measured the repertoire similarity of IgH in blood and spleen samples from untreated BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice to investigate the baseline status of the two inbred strains. (cgp60474.com)
  • Several strains of inbred black mice, originally derived by W.L. Russell of The Jackson Laboratory in 1921, were designated as C57 Black (C57BL) after approximately the thirty-second generation of inbreeding. (jax.org)
  • Congenic strains of C57BL/10 mice [B10.A, B10.BR, B10.D2, B10.A(2R), B10.A(5R), B110.A(15R), B10.A(1R), B10.A(18R), and B10.OL] have an incidence of clinical microphthalmia ranging from 0.8 to 9.2% (Pierro and Spiggle, 1967). (jax.org)
  • While the individual strains of C57BL mice are genetically identical within the strain, they all show the same propensity to develop sporadic microphthalmia or anophthalmia. (jax.org)
  • Figure 1 shows a C57BL/6J mouse with moderate microphthalmia. (jax.org)
  • C57BL/6J mouse with moderate microphthalmia. (jax.org)
  • C57BL/6J mouse with corneal opacity (arrow), due to persistence of the stalk of the lens vesicle. (jax.org)
  • Eye lesions in C57BL/6J mouse. (jax.org)
  • C57BL/6J mouse with severe microphthalmia. (jax.org)
  • In order to determine the genetic factors that contribute to these T2D related characteristics in TH mice, we interbred TH mice with C57BL/6J (B6) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, TH female mice do not exhibit this triglyceride spike although they maintain hypertriglyceridemia compared with age- and sex-matched C57BL/6J (B6) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Little and Castle collaborated closely with Abbie Lathrop who was a breeder of fancy mice and rats which she marketed to rodent hobbyists and keepers of exotic pets, and later began selling in large numbers to scientific researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • National Research Council (US) Committee on Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. (nih.gov)
  • Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the most common health problems encountered in mice and rats. (nih.gov)
  • At present there are 14 specific agents that have been recognized as respiratory pathogens in laboratory mice and rats (at some point in history and under some set of circumstances). (nih.gov)
  • Agents are listed in order of descending importance (this is a rough approximation) for mice and rats. (nih.gov)
  • Similar to DNA microinjection to produce transgenic mice, our ES cell injection service involves the superovulation or hyperovulation and mating of blastocyst donors to obtain large numbers of embryos, and injected embryos are implanted into pseudopregnant foster mothers. (uci.edu)
  • In the mouse, combined infections of Sendai virus and M. pulmonis are responsible for the most severe outbreaks of natural respiratory disease, although Sendai virus infection alone also can cause severe disease when first introduced into a naive population of genetically susceptible mice. (nih.gov)
  • Each clone must be tested for mycoplasma and mouse pathogens. (uci.edu)
  • In conclusion, the data demonstrate that [Anavex 2-73] is effective in ameliorating multiple neurobehavioral phenotypes in [Rett] mice," the researchers wrote. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Laboratory mice are usually of the species Mus musculus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine is currently one of the world's largest suppliers of laboratory mice, at around 3 million mice a year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice have been used in biomedical research since the 17th century (from May 30, 1678) when William Harvey used them for his studies on reproduction and blood circulation and Robert Hooke used them to investigate the biological consequences of an increase in air pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also applied a genetical genomic approach using a subset of the F2 mice to seek candidate genes underlying the QTLs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He discussed the relevance of the disease mechanism in each model and covered important experimental considerations based on both his long personal experience using colitis mouse models as well as feedback from pharma and biotech researchers in the field. (taconic.com)
  • The immune complexes were visualized by the HRP conjugated anti mouse or anti rabbit secondary antibodies using the ECL Western Blotting Detection System on Kodak BioMax X ray films. (p450inhibitors.com)
  • The mouse has since been used extensively as a model organism and is associated with many important biological discoveries of the 20th and 21st Centuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice are a polygenic model for T2D characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose uptake and tolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. Studies with the p53def Mouse Model. (nih.gov)
  • G. Studies with the rasHZ Mouse Model. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment with Anavex 2-73 was seen to improve motor skills, acoustic responses and visual acuity in a mouse model of Rett syndrome , supporting ongoing Phase 2 studies in patients. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Researchers at Anavex, assisted by PsychoGenics , evaluated the potential treatment's specific effects on Rett symptoms in a validated mouse model. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • BALB/cCrgl female mice were treated within 16 hr after birth by subcutaneous injections every 24 hr, for 5 days. (nih.gov)
  • Affected mice often develop recurrent ocular infections. (jax.org)
  • Selected cells in different amounts were injected subcutaneously into BALB/C mice to observe tumor formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Injection of embryonic stem cells into mouse blastocysts results in chimeric mice, in which some cells in each tissue are derived from the ES cell lineage. (uci.edu)
  • The minimum time required to produce chimeric mice that can be transferred to the client is about 8 weeks, once we have ES cells ready for injection and the necessary paperwork. (uci.edu)
  • Asymmetric microphthalmia and "anophthalmia" were found in affected mice. (jax.org)
  • The cataracts found in inbred C57 black mice with microphthalmia may be characterized by minor cortical degeneration, by major involvement of the cortex and nucleus, or by extrusion of lens cortex through a dehiscence in the lens capsule. (jax.org)
  • Anavex 2-73 also induced a significant reduction in two distinctive features of Rett syndrome found in these mice: hind-limb clasping (an abnormal posture comparable to hand stereotypies in people with Rett), and apnea (involuntary breath-holding) that is the most concerning breathing abnormality in Rett syndrome, the researchers said. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Under natural conditions current evidence indicates that pneumonia virus of mice causes minimal upper respiratory tract disease and very mild transient lung disease (the rodent equivalent of man's common cold? (nih.gov)
  • In addition, when mice were treated with OH-PCBs as a mixture, a change in the type of CV tract tumor was observed, shifting from predominantly squamous cell carcinomas to adenosquamous cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • You can do DSS in any type of mouse. (taconic.com)
  • Speakers explored the many factors that influence decisions on mouse housing, including regulatory requirements, scientific data and their interpretation, financial considerations and ethical concerns. (nih.gov)