Embryonic StemStem CellsPlacental trophoblastsEmbryoInvasionCellsPregnancyOvine trophoblastSyncytiotrophoblastVillous explantsApoptosisSecretionHumanImplantationHumansVitroCytotoxicGlucose transporterFetalMetabolismBlastocystSpontaneous abortionUterusRecurrentHyperglycemiaSurvivalMembraneFertilizationViability
Embryonic Stem2
- Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are cells that can regenerate and they are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the fact that they come from early on in the trophoblast lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
- To do so, they combined mouse embryonic stem cells with trophoblast and extraembryonic endoderm cells and cultured them in conditions designed to permit the development seen after implantation. (nih.gov)
Stem Cells8
- In the placenta, these stem cells are able to differentiate into any trophoblast cell because they are pluripotent. (wikipedia.org)
- An Improved Two-Step Protocol for Trophoblast Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
- We previously established a two-step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into trophoblasts, using a StemPro-based minimal medium (EMIM) with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). (ca.gov)
- The open conformation is associated with enhanced trophoblast differentiation potency with increased trophoblast gene expression upon induction of differentiation and success in derivation of trophoblast stem cells with bona fide characteristics. (nih.gov)
- Knockout of the Hippo signaling gene, YAP1 abolishes the ability of the embryo-derived EPSC to form trophoblast stem cells. (nih.gov)
- In this study, using human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), Wu et al. (nature.com)
- Furthermore, differentiation of trophoblast stem cells in the presence of PFI-3 was markedly enhanced. (ox.ac.uk)
- The authors described a biomimetic placental barrier model from human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) in a perfused organ chip system. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
Placental trophoblasts3
- Barrientos, G. Leptin promotes HLA-G expression on placental trophoblasts via the MEK/Erk and PI3K signaling pathways. (uba.ar)
- Varone, C.L. 'Leptin promotes HLA-G expression on placental trophoblasts via the MEK/Erk and PI3K signaling pathways' (2015) Placenta. (uba.ar)
- Here, we explored the regulatory role of AMPK in the GLUT3-dependent uptake of glucose by placental trophoblasts and the viability of the cells. (le.ac.uk)
Embryo6
- After blastulation, the trophoblast is contiguous with the ectoderm of the embryo and is referred to as the trophectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
- After the first differentiation, the cells in the human embryo lose their totipotency because they can no longer form a trophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
- Trophoblasts are specialized cells of the placenta that play an important role in embryo implantation and interaction with the decidualized maternal uterus. (wikipedia.org)
- This blastocyst consists of two distinct parts: the inner cell mass, which will develop into the embryo, and the outer layer called the trophoblast. (worldreportnow.com)
- Little is known about the biochemical basis for the invasive activity of the trophoblasts during early implantation because of the complexity of the uterine endometrium, its inaccessibility to experimental study and the paucity of material comprising the embryo itself. (grantome.com)
- Scholars@Duke publication: T-helper 2 and 3 type immunity to trophoblast in successful in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. (duke.edu)
Invasion12
- The invasion of a specific type of trophoblast (extravillous trophoblast) into the maternal uterus is a vital stage in the establishment of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- Invasion of the trophoblast too deeply may cause conditions such as placenta accreta, placenta increta, or placenta percreta. (wikipedia.org)
- Trophoblast invasion establishes adequate blood flow between mother and fetus in early placental development. (nih.gov)
- We aimed to identify enhancer elements that are active during trophoblast invasion, and build a trophoblast invasion gene-enhancer network. (nih.gov)
- We use computational analysis to identify putative enhancers, as well as the transcription factor binding sites within them, that are specific to the time point of trophoblast invasion. (nih.gov)
- Fang Y, Zhang J, Zhu D, Mei Q, Liao T, Cheng H, He Y, Cao Y, Wei Z. MANF Promotes Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriages by Interacting with NPM1 and Downregulating Trophoblast Cell Migration and Invasion. (ijbs.com)
- We confirm the interaction between MANF and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) in trophoblasts of URM patients, which increases the ubiquitination degradation of NPM1, leading to upregulation of the p53 signaling pathway and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. (ijbs.com)
- SUMMARY ANSWER: LMWH increased HBEGF expression and secretion, and HBEGF signaling was required to stimulate trophoblast extravillous differentiation, increase invasion in vitro and reduce trophoblast apoptosis during oxidative stress. (elsevierpure.com)
- Trophoblast invasiveness was assessed in villous explants by measuring outgrowth from villous tips cultured on Matrigel, and by invasion assays with HTR-8/SVneo cells cultured on Matrigel-coated transwell insert. (elsevierpure.com)
- MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: LMWH induced extravillous differentiation, according to trophoblast invasion assays and integrin (α6β4-α1β1) switching. (elsevierpure.com)
- Experiments using CRM197, ERBB1 and ERBB4 blocking antibodies, pan-ERBB inhibitor and removal of cell surface heparin demonstrated that the effects of LMWH on trophoblast invasion and survival were dependent upon HBEGF signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
- IL-10 regulates LIF and MMP expressions and evolves in the control of invasion and proliferation processes of trophoblast cells. (4science.ge)
Cells37
- Some of these trophoblasts even replace the endothelial cells in the uterine spiral arteries as they remodel these vessels into wide bore conduits that are independent of maternal vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
- Gestational trophoblastic disease is a pregnancy-associated concept, forming from the villous and extravillous trophoblast cells in the placenta. (wikipedia.org)
- May 8, 2009 (Chicago, Illinois) - Findings from a small preliminary study indicate that the number of trophoblast cells collected by Papanicolaou (Pap) test in the first trimester of pregnancy can distinguish between normal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy or blighted ovum. (medscape.com)
- The fetal cells have historically been identified by morphology, specific trophoblast marker, and molecular testing. (medscape.com)
- The current study hypothesized that the number of trophoblast cells in transcervical specimens from patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy or blighted ovum should be lower than that found in normal intrauterine pregnancies. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Imudia noted that histocompatibility antigen, class I, G (HLA-G) cells are markers for trophoblasts, and so the ratio of HLA-G-positive cells to total cells was calculated. (medscape.com)
- Trophoblast cells were observed in almost 95% of the normal intrauterine-pregnancy group, 60% of the ectopic-pregnancy group, and 80% of the blighted-ovum group. (medscape.com)
- This study concluded that trophoblast cells can be collected in the first trimester for immunohistochemical staining for HLA-G, allowing distinction between normal and abnormal pregnancies. (medscape.com)
- We also show that, at the end of the second step, there are distinct populations of terminally differentiated multinucleated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and HLAG+ extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-like cells. (ca.gov)
- Results: plCSA-BP binds specifically to trophoblasts and not to other cell types in the placenta or to CSA-expressing cells in other tissues. (visualsonics.com)
- Implantation marks the initial physical connection between mother and the conceptus during pregnancy, and its success is greatly dependent upon the function of the embryonic cells, the trophoblast, that establish themselves in the uterine wall and give rise to the placenta. (grantome.com)
- The objective of the proposed studies is to examine the developmentally regulated interaction of trophoblast cells with components of the uterine extracellular matrix (ECM), focusing on fibronectin which is a major component of the endometrial ECM that is infiltrated by differentiated trophoblasts early during interstitial implantation. (grantome.com)
- The fibronectin-binding characteristics of trophoblast cells at the surface of developing blastocysts will be studied and the corresponding cell surface receptors will be identified. (grantome.com)
- Experiments will also be conducted, using similar methods, to determine whether specific receptors for fibronectin or various other adhesion-promoting ECM components (laminin, vitronectin, hyaluronic acid) are ligand-induced or constitutively expressed by trophoblast cells. (grantome.com)
- Here we show that human dNK cells highly express the antimicrobial peptide granulysin (GNLY) and selectively transfer it via nanotubes to extravillous trophoblasts to kill intracellular Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) without killing the trophoblast. (bxcell.com)
- Expression of a wide range of Wnt-related genes was observed in both decidual and trophoblast cells using PCR array, with remarkably similar expression profiles. (edu.au)
- Zika virus modulates mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondria-derived vesicles to facilitate viral replication in trophoblast cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Since viral infections are known to exploit mitochondria -mediated cellular processes, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in trophoblast cells in terms of the different mitochondrial quality control pathways that govern mitochondrial integrity and function. (bvsalud.org)
- Here we demonstrate that ZIKV (PRVABC59) infection of JEG-3 trophoblast cells manipulates mitochondrial dynamics , mitophagy , and formation of mitochondria -derived vesicles (MDVs). (bvsalud.org)
- The pathological effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on placental trophoblast progenitor cells in early human embryos are not well understood. (nature.com)
- During early mammalian embryonic development, trophoblast cells play an essential role in establishing cell-cell interactions at the maternal-fetal interface to ensure a successful pregnancy. (edu.au)
- In a recent study, we showed that human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced trophoblast stem (iTS) cells by transcription factor-mediated nuclear reprogramming using the Yamanaka factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2 and c-MYC (OKSM) and a selection of TS cell culture conditions. (edu.au)
- Our protocol allows researchers to generate patient-specific iTS cells to interrogate the trophoblast and placenta biology as well as their interactions with embryonic cells in health and diseases. (edu.au)
- In trophoblast cells exposed to homocysteine (Hcy) we observed cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of trophoblast functions. (unicatt.it)
- In primary trophoblast cells we examined the cytosolic release of cytochrome c, both M30 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and DNA laddering. (unicatt.it)
- Hcy (20 micromol/l) treatment resulted in cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, and an increased number of M30-positive trophoblast cells and TUNEL positive nuclei. (unicatt.it)
- In this study, the level of glycolysis in normal and GDM-complicated placentas was assessed by LC-MS/MS. The trophoblast hyperglycemia model was induced by the incubation of HTR8/SVneo cells with a high glucose concentration. (le.ac.uk)
- These include trophoblast and extraembryonic endoderm cells. (nih.gov)
- There is evidence that LMWH alters the expression of human HBEGF in trophoblast cells, which regulates human trophoblast pathophysiology. (elsevierpure.com)
- The aim of our current study was to evaluate the role of IL-10, TNFα, LIF, MMP-9, and NO in implantation and to establish their possible impact on the functional ability of trophoblast cells under hyperglycemic conditions. (4science.ge)
- For this reason, the experiments were conducted on trophoblast cells isolated from placentas of IL-10 +/+ (C57BL/6J) and IL-10 -/- (B6.129P2- Il10 tm1Cgn /J) pregnant mice. (4science.ge)
- We used an IGF2R knockdown strategy in BeWo cells and placental villous explants to investigate trophoblast proliferation and survival in response to stimulation by IGF. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Consequently, the Rac1-null decidual cells failed to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor A, which is a critical regulator of decidual angiogenesis, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, which regulates the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors that promote proliferation and differentiation of trophoblast cell lineages in the ectoplacental cone. (nih.gov)
- The lack of secretion of these key factors by Rac1-null decidua gave rise to impaired angiogenesis and dysregulated proliferation of trophoblast cells, which in turn results in overexpansion of the trophoblast giant cell lineage and disorganized placenta development. (nih.gov)
- Mild steel and stainless steel welding fumes elicit pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects in first trimester trophoblast cells. (cdc.gov)
- This study aims to identify the effects of mild steel and stainless steel welding fume exposures on cultured placental trophoblast cells. (cdc.gov)
- Electron microscopy was used to characterize welding fume particle size and the ability of particles to enter extravillous trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo). (cdc.gov)
Pregnancy4
- Trophoblast frequency was not affected by gestational age in the normal intrauterine-pregnancy group. (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of trophoblast differentiation and function in relation to fertility and pregnancy, including the role of the immune system. (nih.gov)
- Trophoblast-stimulated PBMC secretion of TGF-beta1 is positively associated with the establishment of successful pregnancy in women undergoing IVF-ET. (duke.edu)
- Our study provides novel evidence to support a faciliatory role of Th-2 and Th-3 type responses to trophoblast in early pregnancy. (duke.edu)
Ovine trophoblast3
- This study characterises expression of genes for cathelicidin and defensin peptides in primary ovine placental tissues, the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) and in response to the TLR-4 ligand LPS, the abortifacient organism Waddlia chondrophila and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (napier.ac.uk)
- Expression of cathelicidin in the trophoblast compartment of the ovine placenta and in the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) was also established. (napier.ac.uk)
- This study demonstrates that the ovine trophoblast expresses cathelicidins, but does not upregulate expression of CHDP in response to LPS. (napier.ac.uk)
Syncytiotrophoblast1
- This core is surrounded by two layers of trophoblasts, the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. (wikipedia.org)
Villous explants1
- STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: First-trimester placental explants and the HTR-8/SVneo cell line, established using extravillous trophoblast outgrowths from first-trimester villous explants, were treated in vitro with LMWH to examine the effects on HBEGF signaling and trophoblast function under normal physiological and pathological conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
Apoptosis2
- These results suggest a protective role of folic acid in the prevention of trophoblast apoptosis linked to Hcy. (unicatt.it)
- STUDY QUESTION: Does low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) require heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HBEGF) signaling to induce extravillous trophoblast differentiation and decrease apoptosis during oxidative stress? (elsevierpure.com)
Secretion1
Human6
- Transfer of GNLY, but not other cell death-inducing cytotoxic granule proteins, strongly inhibits Lm in human placental cultures and in mouse and human trophoblast cell lines. (bxcell.com)
- Using laser capture microdissection (LCM), we optimized RNA extraction from human placental trophoblast, the metabolic cellular interface between mother and foetus. (ox.ac.uk)
- This allowed specific transcriptomic profiling of trophoblast isolated from GDM, and obese and normal human placentae. (ox.ac.uk)
- The addition of folic acid (20 nmol/l) resulted in inhibition of the effects of Hcy on human trophoblast. (unicatt.it)
- Kaufmann P, Castellucci M: Extravillous trophoblast in the human placenta: a review. (4science.ge)
- Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase and other human trophoblast-associated determinants. (ox.ac.uk)
Implantation3
- The trophoblast is responsible for implantation, the process by which the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall. (worldreportnow.com)
- A: The trophoblast is responsible for implantation and the formation of the placenta. (worldreportnow.com)
- The trophoblast is a crucial component of the blastocyst, playing a vital role in implantation and the formation of the placenta. (worldreportnow.com)
Humans2
- Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- The trophoblast proliferates and differentiates into two cell layers at approximately six days after fertilization for humans. (wikipedia.org)
Vitro1
- Finally, the findings of the in vitro studies will be tested in a newly developed culture system wherein embryos are co-cultured with an acellular preparation of ECM isolated from the receptive endometrium to determine the relative role of trophoblast-fibronectin interactions within the complex ECM encountered in utero. (grantome.com)
Cytotoxic1
- Welding fumes are cytotoxic to extravillous trophoblasts, as is evident by the production of free radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the observed decrease in invasive capabilities. (cdc.gov)
Glucose transporter2
- Further, at E19.5 labyrinth trophoblast had reduced glucose transporter 1 ( GLUT1 ) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) expression in response to Δ9-THC exposure. (nature.com)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism, and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) is an efficient glucose transporter in trophoblasts. (le.ac.uk)
Fetal1
- E19.5 placentas from Δ9-THC-exposed pregnancies exhibited a phenotype characterized by increased labyrinth area, reduced Epcam expression (marker of labyrinth trophoblast progenitors), altered maternal blood space, decreased fetal capillary area and an increased recruitment of pericytes with greater collagen deposition, when compared to vehicle controls. (nature.com)
Metabolism1
- Thus, the modulation of glucose metabolism in trophoblasts by targeting AMPK might ameliorate the adverse intrauterine environment caused by GDM. (le.ac.uk)
Blastocyst7
- One such topic is the relationship between the trophoblast and the blastocyst. (worldreportnow.com)
- To put it simply, the trophoblast is a component of the blastocyst. (worldreportnow.com)
- Q: Is the trophoblast the same as the blastocyst? (worldreportnow.com)
- A: No, the trophoblast is a component of the blastocyst. (worldreportnow.com)
- The blastocyst consists of both the trophoblast and the inner cell mass. (worldreportnow.com)
- In conclusion, while the trophoblast and the blastocyst are related, they are not the same thing. (worldreportnow.com)
- We will therefore be able to generate biochemical and immunological probes to test the hypothesis 1) that trophoblast binding to fibronectin is mediated by a fibronectin-specific integrin, and 2) that integrin is developmentally regulated during the onset of attachment competence of the mouse blastocyst. (grantome.com)
Spontaneous abortion1
- Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between apoptotic frequency in trophoblast and spontaneous abortion incidences. (qxmd.com)
Uterus1
- Extravillous trophoblasts grow out from the placenta and penetrate into the decidualized uterus. (wikipedia.org)
Recurrent1
- Dysplasia and invasive defects in early trophoblasts contribute to unexplained recurrent miscarriages (URMs). (ijbs.com)
Hyperglycemia2
- Hyperglycemia induced similar changes in trophoblasts, and these changes were rescued by AMPK activation. (le.ac.uk)
- IL-10 is a suppressor of hyperglycemia-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction and LIF, MMP-9, and NO may be critical players in it. (4science.ge)
Survival2
- WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Abnormal trophoblast differentiation and survival contribute to placental insufficiency syndromes, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. (elsevierpure.com)
- HBEGF, itself, is capable of increasing trophoblast survival and invasiveness. (elsevierpure.com)
Membrane1
Fertilization1
- A structure that forms about five days after fertilization, consisting of an inner cell mass and an outer layer called the trophoblast. (worldreportnow.com)
Viability1
- Taken together, our findings support the notion that AMPK activation upregulates trophoblast glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT3 translocation, which is beneficial for viability. (le.ac.uk)