• Plague is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis . (cdc.gov)
  • In a study published online in the journal Immunity , researchers at Duke Medicine and Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore detail how the Yersinia pestis bacteria that cause bubonic plague hitchhike on immune cells in the lymph nodes and eventually ride into the lungs and the blood stream, where the infection is easily transmitted to others. (rtmagazine.com)
  • Plague is caused by a species of bacteria called Yersinia pestis. (drgreene.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - By sequencing two Late Bronze Age Yersinia pestis isolates, a team from Germany, Russia, China, and Switzerland has gleaned additional insights into the history of the notorious pathogen behind the bubonic plague. (genomeweb.com)
  • Plague is a sudden and sometimes fatal bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis . (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The organism that causes plague, Yersinia pestis, lives in small rodents found most commonly in rural and semirural areas of Africa, Asia and the United States. (augustahealth.com)
  • Plague is a potentially severe disease caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestis. (nyc.gov)
  • Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague. (medscape.com)
  • Role of the Yersinia pestis hemin storage (hms) locus in the transmission of plague by fleas. (medscape.com)
  • Early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas as a mechanism explaining rapidly spreading plague epizootics. (medscape.com)
  • Travelers to India and other plague-endemic countries are at low risk for infection with Yersinia pestis. (cdc.gov)
  • Plague is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. (vimfay.com)
  • For the diagnosis of plague, blood, lymph node tissue or sputum samples are analysed for the presence of Yersinia pestis bacteria. (vimfay.com)
  • The plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis , has ravaged the planet for thousands of years. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Yersinia pestis (Pasteurella pestis) is the bacterium responsible for the bubonic plague. (time.com)
  • Plague is an infectious disease that is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria. (time.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bubonic plague is caused by Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria usually found in small mammals and their fleas. (535548.com)
  • However, some of the doctors questioned the results because they knew the bacterium that causes plague, Yersinia pestis, can often be mistaken in tests for P. luteola . (livescience.com)
  • Yersinia pestis , the bacterium that causes plague , leads to naturally occurring disease in the United States and other regions worldwide and is recognized as a potential bioterrorism weapon . (bvsalud.org)
  • The disease is caused by the plague bacillus, rod-shaped bacteria referred to as Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
  • It can harbor fleas infected with Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus. (medscape.com)
  • People exposed to a patient with any form of plague may require antibiotics to prevent infection. (drgreene.com)
  • Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common form of plague results in swollen and tender lymph nodes - called buboes - in the groin, armpits or neck. (augustahealth.com)
  • The rarest and deadliest form of plague affects the lungs, and it can be spread from person to person. (augustahealth.com)
  • In the bubonic form of plague, the bacteria enter through the skin through a flea bite and travel via the lymphatic vessels to a lymph node, causing it to swell. (wikipedia.org)
  • This form of plague is generally transmitted by the bite of an infected flea, and is the most common naturally occuring form. (alpharubicon.com)
  • This is a highly lethal form of plague, where the bacteria spreads beyond the lymph nodes, into the major organs of the body. (alpharubicon.com)
  • When it advances to the lungs, pneumonic plague becomes the most virulent form of plague. (535548.com)
  • "Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague and is caused by the bite of an infected flea. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Advanced stages of the bubonic form of plague will also lead to direct spread of Y. pestis in the blood. (coastalcourier.com)
  • "Pneumonic plague-or lung-based plague- is the most virulent and least common form of plague. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Symptoms vary depending on the form of plague. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most children with any type of plague have fever , headache , shaking chills, and tend to get worse very rapidly. (drgreene.com)
  • About half of kids with any type of plague also have abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting , and bloody diarrhea . (drgreene.com)
  • This type of plague can spread from person to person through the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of plague. (augustahealth.com)
  • Pneumonic (lung) plague is the only type of plague that can be spread from person to person. (nyc.gov)
  • Bubonic plague is the most common type of plague, transmitted by flea bites and characterized by swelling of the lymph nodes. (vimfay.com)
  • Pneumonic plague, on the other hand, is the most deadly and contagious type of plague that is transmitted through respiration and affects the lungs. (vimfay.com)
  • The last type of plague, pneumonic, is also characterized by fever and chills, as well as respiratory problems like chest pain, cough and shortness of breath. (time.com)
  • Symptoms can be very flu-like and include a fever, chills, weakness and vomiting, amongst even more serious symptoms depending on the type of plague. (coastalcourier.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization , the type of plague one is infected with is dependent on where the infection attacks the body. (coastalcourier.com)
  • It is an infection primarily of rodents and their fleas, but without proper treatment it can cause devastating infections in humans and other animals. (drgreene.com)
  • Our Y. pestis isolates from around 4,000 years ago possessed all the genetic characteristics required for efficient flea transmission of plague to rodents, humans, and other mammals," first author Maria Spyrou, an archaeogenetics researcher affiliated with Max Planck Institute and the University of Tübingen, said in a statement. (genomeweb.com)
  • Domestic cats and dogs can become infected with plague from flea bites or from eating infected rodents. (augustahealth.com)
  • An important clinical clue for diagnosing plague is a history of contact with animals from an endemic plague focus, especially dead rodents or other wild animals known to harbor the bacterium. (medscape.com)
  • Plague is usually spread through rodents and fleas that live on these animals. (vimfay.com)
  • Some rodents have demonstrated a remarkable tolerance to plague bacteria, and rats have been identified as spreading the disease in the past. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers in China identified this high level of tolerance by injecting the rodents with plague bacteria until half of their number died. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fleas that bite rodents infected with the bacteria that cause the plague can transmit the disease to people. (livescience.com)
  • The World Health Organization says these fleas live on rodents and other animals and that without immediate treatment the disease kills more than half of those inflicted. (webpronews.com)
  • The plague is caused by bacteria usually transmitted from rodents or fleas to humans. (coastalcourier.com)
  • The bacteria that cause plague usually infect wild rodents, such as rats, mice, squirrels and prairie dogs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Travel to endemic areas within and outside the United States, history of a flea bite, close contact with a potential host, or exposure to dead rodents or rabbits should raise suspicion for plague. (medscape.com)
  • We report 5 cases of culture-confirmed human plague treated successfully with oral ciprofloxacin, including 1 case of pneumonic plague. (cdc.gov)
  • WDH) was notified of a suspected case of pneumonic plague received PEP within 1 week of the patient's symptom onset, in an adult who was admitted to a Wyoming hospital following and none developed illness. (cdc.gov)
  • A case of pneumonic plague in India caused a half million people to flee the area in panic. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Dangerous new pathogens such as the Ebola virus invoke scary scenarios of deadly epidemics, but even ancient scourges such as the bubonic plague are still providing researchers with new insights on how the body responds to infections. (rtmagazine.com)
  • Plague is responsible for some of the worst epidemics in human history. (drgreene.com)
  • Their phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates in RT5 and RT6 were part of a shared lineage stemming from an ancestor that also led to the pathogens contributing to Black Death, the Justinian Plague, and 19th century plague epidemics in China. (genomeweb.com)
  • [ 1 ] Human-to-human transmission is ucommon except during epidemics of pneumonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] One theory is that these biovars emerged before any of the plague epidemics. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, as reported by Drancourt et al (2004), genotyping performed on bacteria derived from the remains of plague victims of the first two epidemics revealed sequences similar to that of Orientalis. (medscape.com)
  • Plague is an infectious disease that has caused major epidemics and millions of deaths throughout history, causing fear and panic. (vimfay.com)
  • There have been three major epidemics of plague in history. (alpharubicon.com)
  • In World War II, the Japanese dropped plague infected fleas on cities in China, starting locallized epidemics. (alpharubicon.com)
  • In the past, massive plague epidemics, such as the black death of the Middle Ages, killed many people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Plague has caused large-scale epidemics, thereby changing the course of history in many nations. (medscape.com)
  • In the early twentieth century, plague epidemics accounted for about 10 million deaths in India. (medscape.com)
  • Plague is a serious bacterial infection that's transmitted primarily by fleas. (augustahealth.com)
  • Bubonic plague is mainly spread by infected fleas from small animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plague is most often vector borne, transmitted by fleas, to a variety of rodent populations. (medscape.com)
  • T wo counties in Arizona have confirmed that fleas in the area have tested positive for the plague. (time.com)
  • Pulicides (flea-killing agents) can be used to suppress fleas and thereby manage plague. (usgs.gov)
  • From 9-14 mo post-treatment, we found only 10 fleas on FipBit sites versus 1,266 fleas on nontreated sites. (usgs.gov)
  • The pathophysiology of plague basically involves two phases-a cycle within the fleas and a cycle within humans. (medscape.com)
  • Appropriate antibiotics are more than 90 percent effective at treating plague, if started in time. (drgreene.com)
  • Pneumonic plague needs to be treated with antibiotics within a day after signs and symptoms first appear, or the infection is likely to be fatal. (augustahealth.com)
  • Today, modern antibiotics are effective in treating plague. (cdc.gov)
  • Bubonic plague can be effectively treated with a variety of widely-available antibiotics. (nyc.gov)
  • Early treatment with antibiotics reduces the death rate to between 4 and 15 percent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thanks to the discovery of antibiotics and effective treatment methods, plague cases have been greatly reduced today. (vimfay.com)
  • Antibiotics used in the treatment of plague infection include streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. (vimfay.com)
  • The death rate from plague is about 11%, thanks to the availability of antibiotics that can treat it. (time.com)
  • Yes, the antibiotics that we have today can help to cure someone who catches the bubonic plague. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Antibiotics should be administered as soon as possible within the first 24 hours of plague symptoms. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Antibiotics aren't just used on those who catch the plague. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • All forms of the plague are treatable with antibiotics if diagnosed early enough. (coastalcourier.com)
  • As of October 6, the WHO had delivered "nearly 1.2 million doses of antibiotics and released US$1.5 million dollars in emergency funds to fight plague in Madagascar. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Antibiotics can reduce the risk of death, and isolating infected people helps prevent spread of plague. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved ciprofloxacin for treatment of plague ( Yersina pestis infection) based on animal studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Four patients had bubonic plague, with Y. pestis isolated from bubo aspirates or blood cultures. (cdc.gov)
  • The fifth patient, a 13-year-old boy, had pneumonic plague as indicated by hemoptysis, patchy bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, and Y. pestis isolated from sputum. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumonic plague occurs when Y. pestis infects the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumonic plague is also spread by breathing in Y. pestis suspended in respiratory droplets from a person (or animal) with pneumonic plague. (cdc.gov)
  • A phylogenetic analysis of the strains, set alongside 177 available modern and ancient Y. pestis sequences, suggested that they belonged to a previously undocumented lineage that emerged roughly 4,000 years ago, but already contained the virulence factors that set bubonic plague apart from more innocuous bacteria. (genomeweb.com)
  • Prior analyses of ancient Y. pestis have already offered clues to the microbe's spread, as well as the adaptations that pushed it toward its plague-causing abilities. (genomeweb.com)
  • Aerosolized Y pestis, causing primary pneumonic plague, has been recognized by bioterrorism experts as having one of the highest potentials as a bioterrorism agent due to its extremely high mortality, its high uptake into enzootic and epizootic animals as well as humans, and its ability to be spread over a large area. (medscape.com)
  • Plague bacillus, Y. pestis , enters at the bite and travels through the lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node where it replicates itself. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Marshall et al (1967) has described an asymptomatic pharyngeal carrier state of Y pestis infection in patients with bubonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • The ability for plague to be spread by aerosols makes Y pestis a potential agent of bioterrorism. (medscape.com)
  • Vaccination is currently only recommended and used for biologists and other laboratory workers who are at highest risk of contracting plague. (drgreene.com)
  • The pathogenesis of plague involves facultative intracellular infection of host macrophages, followed by fulminant extracellular growth and bacteremia ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumonic plague progresses rapidly and may cause respiratory failure and shock within two days of infection. (augustahealth.com)
  • If a flea feeds on an animal that has plague bacteria in its bloodstream, it will carry the bacteria and then transmit the infection if it bites a person. (nyc.gov)
  • It can occur if someone breathes in plague bacteria from another person with the infection or from the cough of an infected animal (e.g., a cat). (nyc.gov)
  • Pharyngeal (throat) plague occurs when a person swallows food or beverage that contains live plague bacteria, leading to a severe throat infection that can spread to the lungs and bloodstream if not treated. (nyc.gov)
  • The three types of plague are the result of the route of infection: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bubonic plague is an infection of the lymphatic system, usually resulting from the bite of an infected flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (the Oriental rat flea). (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, in areas with a large population of rats, the animals can harbor low levels of the plague infection without causing human outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Septicemic (or septicaemic ) plague is a deadly blood infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is particularly the case with pneumonic plague, a lung infection caused by the bacteria. (vimfay.com)
  • Plague patients receive supportive treatment for symptoms and complications caused by the infection. (vimfay.com)
  • Plague is diagnosed by the patient's clinical symptoms, the way the infection spreads and laboratory tests. (vimfay.com)
  • Bubonic plague is one form that infection can take. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Another form a plague infection takes is septicemic . (alpharubicon.com)
  • Traveling to a region with plague or another uncommon infection? (passporthealthusa.com)
  • "Septicaemic plague occurs when infection spreads through the bloodstream Septicaemic plague may result from flea bites and from direct contact with infective materials through cracks in the skin. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Moxifloxacin injection is also used to prevent and treat plague (a serious infection that may be spread on purpose as part of a bioterror attack. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because of an overwhelming infection with the plague bacillus, patients with septicemic plague have a toxic appearance and may present with tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension. (medscape.com)
  • However, ground squirrels and prairie dogs have been known to be highly susceptible to plague, whereas others have been known to be either moderately susceptible or absolutely resistant to infection. (medscape.com)
  • Plague outbreaks are most common in rural and semirural areas that are overcrowded, have poor sanitation and have a high rodent population. (augustahealth.com)
  • With the exception of Antarctica, plague is worldwide in distribution, with most of the human cases reported from developing countries with outbreaks reported regularly. (medscape.com)
  • Although plague has been considered a disease of the Middle Ages, multiple outbreaks in India and Africa during the last 20 years have stoked fears of another global pandemic. (medscape.com)
  • Since the number of human cases has been rising and outbreaks are reappearing in a variety of countries after years of quiescence, the plague is considered a reemerging disease. (medscape.com)
  • Reliable data about the plague outbreaks in India are unavailable, and case criteria have not been described. (cdc.gov)
  • So far, there have been three major plague outbreaks in the last 2,000 years. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The transitions between the three plague outbreaks are not completely clear," says Prof. Kjetill S. Jakobsen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Alongside these efforts, Boris Schmid is analyzing associations between climate variations, plague outbreaks and concurrent rodent populations. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Between 1900, when plague first appeared in the U.S., and 2012, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that there have been 1,006 cases of confirmed or probable plague cases in the U.S. There have been outbreaks of the disease worldwide, and about 1,000 to 2,000 cases are reported globally each year. (time.com)
  • Plague now occurs sporadically or in limited outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • outbreaks of pneumonic and septicemic plague occurred in different cities throughout the next 350 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial Treatment and Prophylaxis of Plague: Recommendations for Naturally Acquired Infections and Bioterrorism Response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pneumonic plague may also occur if a person with bubonic or septicemic plague is untreated and the bacteria spread to the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Septicemic plague can develop when the organism spreads through the bloodstream and affects numerous organs, including the spleen, liver, heart, and lungs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Pneumonic plague affects the lungs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Pneumonic plague, which affects the lungs, is spread by inhaling infectious droplets coughed into the air by a sick animal or person. (augustahealth.com)
  • Pneumonic plague also can develop from bubonic plague if the bacteria enter the bloodstream and are then transported to the lungs. (nyc.gov)
  • Septicemia (bloodstream) plague occurs when plague bacteria enter the bloodstream either through the skin or from the lungs. (nyc.gov)
  • The plague is also known to spread to the lungs and become the disease known as the pneumonic plague. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two main forms of a plague - bubonic and pneumonic (when plague advances to the lungs). (535548.com)
  • Typically, the pneumonic form is caused by spread to the lungs from advanced bubonic plague. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Small particles lodge in the lungs, causing pneumonic plague. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are the different types of plague? (nyc.gov)
  • There are three different types of plague: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic. (time.com)
  • The greatest number of human plague infections occur in Africa, especially the African island of Madagascar. (augustahealth.com)
  • Reported cases of human plague infections in the United States, 1970-1991. (ajtmh.org)
  • Presently, human plague infections continue to occur in rural areas in the western United States, but significantly more cases occur in parts of Africa and Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • As with all plague infections, bubonic plague is a severe illness. (nyc.gov)
  • Human plague infections occur when people come into contact with a plague-infected animal and either breathe in bacteria that the animal has coughed, touch an infected animal carcass or skin or are bitten by a flea that fed on an animal with plague. (nyc.gov)
  • Once infected, secondary infections of pneumonic plague will further spread the disease. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Plague is divided into three main types - bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic - depending on which part of your body is involved. (augustahealth.com)
  • However, untreated or late diagnosed cases, especially septicemic and pneumonic plague types, can have fatal consequences. (vimfay.com)
  • In bubonic plague, caused by flea or rodent bites from infected animals, people have a sudden high fever and exquisitely painful swollen glands (called buboes). (drgreene.com)
  • In pneumonic plague, caused by inhaling the bacteria, the sudden high fever may be accompanied by a shortness of breath and a cough, perhaps coughing up blood. (drgreene.com)
  • Cats with bubonic plague usually have fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, and an enlarged lymph node that may be abscessed and draining. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Pneumonic plague usually presents with fever, cough, bloody sputum and difficulty breathing. (nyc.gov)
  • Although the symptoms of plague disease vary depending on the type, they usually appear as sudden onset of high fever, chills, weakness, headache and muscle aches. (vimfay.com)
  • Plague patients usually have symptoms such as high fever, weakness, headache, muscle aches and swelling of the lymph nodes. (vimfay.com)
  • The symptoms of pneumonic plague include fever, fatigue, and coughing with bloody or watery sputtum. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Bubonic plague symptoms are sudden fever, chills and weakness, followed by swollen painful lymphnodes in the groin and armpits. (alpharubicon.com)
  • More than 80% of plague cases in the U.S. are bubonic, which causes fever, headache, chills and weakness. (time.com)
  • People who get the bubonic plague may experience fever, chills and weakness as well as painful lymph nodes. (time.com)
  • According to WHO, symptoms of bubonic plague include a sudden onset of fever, chills, head and body aches, weakness, vomiting and nausea. (535548.com)
  • It's likely the man caught pneumonic plague from his dog, which had shown symptoms including a fever, jaw rigidity and drooling, and had problems walking and breathing. (livescience.com)
  • Bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • These infected lymph nodes are called buboes, the typical lesion of bubonic plague. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Swollen and tender lymph nodes near the spot where the plague bacteria entered the skin are typical of bubonic plague. (nyc.gov)
  • Plague is diagnosed by growing the bacteria from samples of sputum, blood, spinal fluid or infected lymph nodes. (nyc.gov)
  • Bubonic plague symptoms include large and painful swelling of the lymph nodes (masses called bubo). (vimfay.com)
  • So far no one else has exhibited any symptoms of bubonic plague. (webpronews.com)
  • It can be a complication of pneumonic or bubonic plague or it can occur by itself. (cdc.gov)
  • During August 26-October 5, 1994, a total of 5150 suspected pneumonic or bubonic plague cases and 53 deaths were reported from eight states of India, primarily in the south-central and southwestern regions. (cdc.gov)
  • However, any person with pneumonic plague may transmit the disease via droplets to other humans. (535548.com)
  • Spread between people usually happens only when people live with or care for a person with pneumonic plague. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Plague is an infectious disease that affects animals and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, plague has been transmitted to humans in several western and southwestern states - primarily New Mexico, Arizona, California and Colorado. (augustahealth.com)
  • Plague has also been transmitted to humans in parts of Asia and South America. (augustahealth.com)
  • Plague is a disease that affects humans and other mammals. (cdc.gov)
  • Humans usually get plague after being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an animal infected with plague. (cdc.gov)
  • Rats were an amplifying factor to bubonic plague due to their common association with humans as well as the nature of their blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plague is an acute, contagious, febrile illness usually transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected flea. (medscape.com)
  • So far, no cases of plague have been found among people in Arizona, but the news comes just a months after three cases of plague in humans were confirmed in New Mexico. (time.com)
  • There is a chance that people can become infected from close contact with humans who have the pneumonic plague, but it's not common. (time.com)
  • However, a person with secondary pneumonic plague may form aerosolized infective droplets and transmit plague via droplets to other humans. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Antibiotic treatment for 7 days will protect people who have had direct, close contact with infected patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Most people who receive prompt antibiotic treatment survive bubonic plague. (augustahealth.com)
  • Wyoming Public Health Laboratory subsequently confirmed antibiotic treatment effective against plague. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the low reported crude case-fatality ratio suggests that 1) many suspected plague cases were not true cases, 2) deaths were underreported, or 3) antibiotic treatment was administered promptly in virtually all cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Plague can be successfully treated with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment. (vimfay.com)
  • People who have been in contact with plague may be given prophylactic antibiotic treatment to prevent the onset of the disease. (vimfay.com)
  • In addition, people traveling to areas at risk of plague may be given antibiotic treatment in advance. (vimfay.com)
  • The man outside the boy's window was his father, who had carried his son 7km, in order to receive his antibiotic treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiological features of pneumonic plague outbreak in Himachal Pradesh, India. (medscape.com)
  • Outbreak of Human Pneumonic Plague with Dog-to-Human and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission - Colorado, June-July 2014. (medscape.com)
  • This data will give us an idea as to how plague and the climate are linked, and is important for us to be able to predict the next plague outbreak," says Schmid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • During the summer of 2014, four people in Colorado became ill with pneumonic plague, in the United States' largest outbreak of the illness since 1924. (livescience.com)
  • In the 19th century another severe outbreak known as the Modern Plague spread from China to Hong Kong and many port cities in between. (webpronews.com)
  • Madagascar has a 'plague season' every year, but this plague outbreak is happening earlier than previous years. (coastalcourier.com)
  • After notification of a fresh outbreak of plague along the eastern Mediterranean Sea, port cities to the west were closed to ships arriving from plague-infected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Swollen lymph glands, termed buboes, are a hallmark finding in bubonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • Axillary, cervical, and epitrochlear buboes are almost always seen in cat-associated plague. (medscape.com)
  • Buboes are common in meningeal plague. (medscape.com)
  • Buboes may or may not be associated with pneumonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • Buboes are uncommon in septicemic plague, making the diagnosis elusive. (medscape.com)
  • Plague can occur on its own, but it is also caused by one of the few bacteria most likely to be used in an act of bioterrorism or biological warfare. (drgreene.com)
  • If you begin to feel ill and have been in an area where plague has been known to occur, seek immediate medical attention. (augustahealth.com)
  • Under a protocol implemented by CDC, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U.S. Customs Service, persons traveling by air from India to the United States are now being provided written information about the symptoms of plague and the need to seek prompt medical attention if symptoms occur. (cdc.gov)
  • If importation of plague into the United States should occur, the potential for epidemic spread is low (1,3). (cdc.gov)
  • Although most of these occur in Madagascar and Congo, plague is also reported in the deserts of North America and a large belt of Central Asia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, primary pneumonic plague may be seen in laboratory workers, individuals exposed to an infected person, or those who have been exposed to a cat with pneumonic plague. (medscape.com)
  • Without intervention, this stage may lead to secondary pneumonic plague or meningitis or may disseminate and manifest as a sepsis picture. (medscape.com)
  • 1. An animal not reacting to the surrounding environment, or appearing curled up and stiff, may be an indication that it is plagued by an illness or is in severe pain. (spca.org.tw)
  • Without prompt treatment, the disease can cause serious illness or death. (cdc.gov)
  • Under international health regulations (2), air passengers who have an illness suspected to be plague (i.e., based on clinical presentation and travel history) during a flight or at disembarkation are subject to isolation and transfer to an appropriate diagnostic and treatment facility. (cdc.gov)
  • analysis of reported cases can enhance understanding of MIS-C and improve characterization of the illness for early detection and treatment. (veteranstoday.com)
  • Plague is somewhat contagious from person to person (or from cat or dog to person), especially through respiratory droplets. (drgreene.com)
  • The third and most contagious form of plage is pneumonic plague. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Pneumonic plague is highly contagious and transmitted by aerosol droplets. (medscape.com)
  • It can develop from inadequately treated septicemic plague or from infectious respiratory droplets, such as those from a coughing pneumonic plague patient. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • It's the least common variety of plague but the most dangerous, because it can be spread from person to person via cough droplets. (augustahealth.com)
  • Plague can also be spread by inhaling respiratory droplets from an infected person. (vimfay.com)
  • Pneumonic plague can develop if someone with bubonic plague goes untreated, or if someone inhales droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze. (livescience.com)
  • This happens in about 12% of the cases of bubonic or septicemic plague. (alpharubicon.com)
  • Once in the bloodstream, plague bacteria can spread to the brain and cause meningitis. (nyc.gov)
  • Meningeal plague (brain) occurs if bubonic, pneumonic or pharyngeal plague spread to the bloodstream and the plague bacteria are carried to the brain. (nyc.gov)
  • Septicemic plague is a more rapidly progressing, more deadly form that occurs when the bacteria enter the bloodstream. (vimfay.com)
  • If not treated on time, bubonic plague has a case fatality rate of 30 per cent to 60 per cent, while its septicaemic (circulation in bloodstream) and pneumonic kind can touch 100 per cent fatality. (535548.com)
  • Septicaemic plague (in bloodstream) can cause tissue death and subsequent blackening of fingers, toes and nose, according to health experts. (535548.com)
  • The bacteria elaborate a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, coagulase, and a fibrinolysin, which are the principal factors in the pathogenesis of plague. (medscape.com)
  • Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the mortality rate of the bubonic plague is at 11 percent. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Pneumonic plague has a 100 percent mortality rate if left untreated. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Septicemic plague carries a high mortality rate and is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multiorgan failure, and profound hypotension. (medscape.com)
  • Meningeal plague looks like meningitis at the outset. (drgreene.com)
  • Bubonic plague does not spread from person to person. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional Bronze Age and Iron Age plague genomes could help pinpoint key events that contributed to the high virulence and spread of one of humankind's most notorious pathogens," Krause said. (genomeweb.com)
  • Like the others, the septicemic plague spread from the East through trade routes on the Black Sea and down to the Mediterranean Sea . (wikipedia.org)
  • Although plague cases are rare today, being conscious and careful is of great importance to prevent the spread of the disease. (vimfay.com)
  • This can lead to the spread of plague, especially in areas where agriculture and animal husbandry activities are carried out. (vimfay.com)
  • As well as examining the genome of the plague, researchers from CEES are investigating factors that enable the disease to spread. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They are right to point out the novelty of the virus and the peculiar challenges its molecular biology presents for predicting the epidemiological spread of COVID-19, for grasping its immunological properties, and for developing efficacious treatments such as a vaccine. (africasacountry.com)
  • Bubonic plague is typically spread through a bite from an infected flea. (webpronews.com)
  • The plague arrived in spread through ships coming into port in Sicily. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • That said, "the risk of regional spread is moderate," and the risk that plague will spread throughout Madagascar is "considered very high. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Worldwide, plague is most common in rural and semirural parts of Africa (especially the African island of Madagascar), South America and Asia. (augustahealth.com)
  • Plague also exists in eastern and southern Africa, Southeast Asia, China, Russia and parts of South America. (nyc.gov)
  • Plague occurs naturally in certain parts of Africa, Asia and South America. (nyc.gov)
  • The plague is considered the likely cause of the Black Death that swept through Asia, Europe, and Africa in the 14th century and killed an estimated 50 million people, including about 25% to 60% of the European population. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 541, it is believed the plague killed 60% of the population of Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. (alpharubicon.com)
  • The same plague struck Africa with a deadly blow in late August of this year. (coastalcourier.com)
  • Approximately 190 million people in Africa required schistosomiasis preventive treatment in 2016. (who.int)
  • In Africa, the estimated impact TB transmission, progression to disease, incidence of TB closely correlates with the esti- and treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Larger particles lodge in the throat (pharynx) and cause plague of the throat (pharyngeal plague). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pharyngeal plague results from ingestion of the plague bacilli. (medscape.com)
  • Pharyngeal plague causes pharyngeal erythema and painful and tender anterior cervical nodes. (medscape.com)
  • Septicemic plague occurs when plague bacteria multiply in the blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of the patient's history of exposure to cats that were the delay in diagnosis, WDH was able to rapidly coordinate ill, an infectious diseases specialist recommended repeating a timely public health intervention and effective community sputum culture with Gram stain and empiric treatment with outreach. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnosis is made by detecting the organism from involved sites, but treatment should not be delayed pending a microbiologic diagnosis when plague is clinically suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Veterinarians should consider plague in the differential diagnosis of ill domestic animals, including dogs, in areas where plague is endemic. (livescience.com)
  • Relaxation of traditional public health measures aimed at the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and alterations in social demographics-particularly increased immigration from endemic areas and a burgeoning homeless shelter and prison population-also contributed to the reversal of progress in TB control during this period. (cdc.gov)
  • Rats on ships brought plague from China to San Francisco in 1900. (nyc.gov)
  • In recent decades, plague affects an average of about 7 people a year (ranging from 1 to 17 people) in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Plague has several forms, depending on who is infected, how sick they are, and where the bacteria enter the body. (drgreene.com)
  • If you have myasthenia gravis and your doctor tells you that you should use moxifloxacin injection, call your doctor immediately if you experience muscle weakness or difficulty breathing during your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • WDH shared plague prevention materials by press release community transmission in Wyoming during this period. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention is through public health measures such as not handling dead animals in areas where plague is common. (wikipedia.org)
  • Suspected human plague cases in international travelers should be reported through state and local health departments to CDC's Division of Quarantine, National Center for Prevention Services, telephone (404) 639-8107 or (404) 639-2888 (nights, Sundays, and holidays). (cdc.gov)
  • This was a Level-III warning of plague prevention and control. (535548.com)
  • Doctors and veterinarians in the southwestern United States should keep an eye out for cases of plague, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (livescience.com)
  • The treatment is based primarily on prevention. (botanical-online.com)
  • Plague is infamous for killing millions of people in Europe during the Middle Ages. (cdc.gov)
  • Although plague is commonly associated with the Middle Ages, there are 2,000 cases of the disease worldwide every year. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the middle ages, a bubonic plague pandemic, also known as the 'black death', had wiped out more than half of Europe's population. (535548.com)
  • Pneumonic plague is a very rare disease caused by the same type of bacteria as the bubonic plague, which is perhaps best known for causing the Black Death in Europe during the Middle Ages. (livescience.com)
  • In the Middle Ages, plague killed approximately one fourth of Europe's population. (medscape.com)
  • Septicemic plague is the rarest of the three plagues that struck Europe in 1348, the other forms are bubonic and pneumonic plague . (wikipedia.org)
  • The septicemic plague was the least common of the three plagues that occurred from 1348 to 1350. (wikipedia.org)
  • Archaeological excavations of the cemetery in 2019 turned up 34 previously unknown mass graves containing the bones of approximately 1,300 people who died in a famine in 1318 and a plague in 1348. (expats.cz)
  • In 1348, Jacme D'Agramont wrote the first plague tract. (nybooks.com)
  • When the plague arrived at Catalonia's doorstep in April 1348, the learned physician Jacme d'Agramont wrote to address the "doubts and fears" rising around him. (nybooks.com)
  • D'Agramont's 1348 letter was the first plague tract. (nybooks.com)