SymporterIonsAntithyroid peroxidaseEnzymeIodineFollicular cellsGlutathione peroxidaseThyroglobulinTissuesSeleniumProteinMagnesiumSimilarlyConcentrationTissueCalciumOccursAminoTestExpressionBrainSolutionActionAnionPotassiumThyroxineCell membraneReabsorptionHydrogen peroxideIntracellularSynthesisChlorineDeficiencyInhibitorsMoleculesEnzymesConcentrationsMembraneCellsEffectivelyActivityIncludeFoodsStudiesFunction
Symporter4
- An important antiparasitic action is caused by the blockage in the transport of iodide of animal cells, inhibiting sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). (wikipedia.org)
- The thyroid traps iodide via active transport through the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. (hormonelab.co.uk)
- Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- The iodide ions are transported into the follicular cells of the thyroid gland by the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and for each iodide anion (I-), NIS transports two sodium cations (Na+) into the cell. (mugesh-iisc.in)
Ions5
- NIS is a membrane bound glycoprotein whose main physiological function is to transport one iodide ion along with two sodium ions across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. (aopwiki.org)
- Sodium-iodide symporters (NIS) actively transport iodide ions from the bloodstream into thyroid follicular cells against a sodium electrochemical gradient, which is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). (myendoconsult.com)
- Iodide ions are then transported to the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cells by the action of pendrin, an anion exchanger protein. (myendoconsult.com)
- The thyroid is composed of spherical follicles that selectively absorb iodine (as iodide ions, I - ) from the blood for production of thyroid hormones. (wikidoc.org)
- Twenty-five percent of all the body's iodide ions are in the thyroid gland. (wikidoc.org)
Antithyroid peroxidase1
- Hashimoto's is an autoimmune illness where t he body produces antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) that cause an inflammation of the thyroid gland (Mincer & Jialal, 2021). (ichealer.com)
Enzyme6
- Iodide enters the follicular lumen via the pendrin transporter where it is oxidized to iodine by the thyroid peroxidase enzyme (TPO). (hormonelab.co.uk)
- The synthesis of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) on thyroglobulin is catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a heme enzyme that utilizes iodide and hydrogen peroxide to perform two distinct reactions: iodination of tyrosyl residues and phenolic coupling of the resulting iodinated tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. (mugesh-iisc.in)
- At the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cell, the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to form reactive iodine species[7]. (myendoconsult.com)
- Selenocysteine is present at the catalytic site of glutathione peroxidase and selenium availability regulates glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. (interclinical.com.au)
- Iodine is captured with the "iodine trap" by the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) [2] and linked to the 3' and 5' sites of the benzene ring of the tyrosine residues on TG, and on free tyrosine. (wikidoc.org)
- These include selenium-containing enzyme glutathione peroxidase which functions to keep hydrogen peroxide reduced to water after it oxidizes to iodide. (ichealer.com)
Iodine8
- Iodide is not a pesticide but is oxidized, by vegetable peroxidase to iodine, which is a strong oxidant able to kill bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. (wikipedia.org)
- Extensive studies on NIS protein have identified 14 different mutations and each one of them is related to Iodine Transport Deficiencies (ITD) (Spitzweg and Morris, 2010). (aopwiki.org)
- While the thyroid tends to concentrate a higher percentage of iodide (I¯), extrathyroidal tissues tend to utilize a greater percentage of molecular iodine (I₂), which exerts multiple and complex actions related to its role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, a pro-inflammatory, an inducer of apoptosis, an immune modulator, and a promotor of cell differentiation (3). (hormonelab.co.uk)
- Lugol's Iodine is a heavy metal chelator and remover (due to the iodide content), removing mercury, lead, cadmium, aluminum and arsenic from the body's cells. (earthclinic.com)
- Similarly, the Iodide form is only absorbed by the thyroid gland, skin and salivary glands, whereas the elemental iodine storage sites in the breasts, prostate and intestines can only absorb the molecular iodine form (I2). (earthclinic.com)
- The WHO claims that iodine excretion below 50ug/L is classified as moderate/iodide deficiency (Brownstein, 2014). (ichealer.com)
- Without adequate levels, iodine will not be formed from iodide. (ichealer.com)
- There is not enough iodine to produce iodinated lipids, such as δ-iodolactone and others that puts a brake in the pathway to oxidize iodide. (ichealer.com)
Follicular cells1
- Once inside the follicular cells, the iodide diffuses to the apical membrane, where it is metabolically oxidized through the action of TPO to iodinium (I+), which in turn iodinates tyrosine residues of the Tg proteins in the follicle colloid. (aopwiki.org)
Glutathione peroxidase4
- Selenium is the most important component in the function of one of our body's master antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase. (interclinical.com.au)
- Glutathione peroxidase is selenium dependent, and part of an elaborate system that maintains redox balance in the cell. (interclinical.com.au)
- Glutathione peroxidase plays an important role in protecting membrane lipids (cell membranes) from oxidative disintegration. (interclinical.com.au)
- Glutathione peroxidase can dampen inflammatory pathways by inhibiting TNF alpha, an inflammatory cytokine produced during acute inflammation, and TLR4, which when activated leads to NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine production. (interclinical.com.au)
Thyroglobulin2
- Thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are synthesized in the thyroid gland in the presence of functional NIS and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) as iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg), and stored in the colloid of thyroid follicles. (aopwiki.org)
- Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones from thyroglobulin by thyroid peroxidase and regioselective deiodination of thyroxine (T4) (inset). (mugesh-iisc.in)
Tissues2
- The thyroid gland and extrathyroidal tissues use iodide transporters as a gatekeeper for iodide tissue concentrations. (hormonelab.co.uk)
- It is then carried to the liver to be metabolized, and transported and distributed to the tissues of the body. (interclinical.com.au)
Selenium1
- Selenium in the form of selenoproteins, is absorbed through active amino acid transport mechanisms and is more bioavailable than selenite or selenate. (interclinical.com.au)
Protein3
- Until recently, it was believed that this peptide was non-functional, but today it is known that it modulates some cellular functions by binding to a surface receptor coupled to protein G. One of its effects is to favor the activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase (Na + -K + ATPase) necessary for the protein synthesis of many hormones including THS. (rtyva.ru)
- XPO1, the main nuclear export protein, transports cargo proteins containing nuclear localization signals out of the nucleus ( 1-3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. (biologists.com)
Magnesium1
Similarly1
- TcO 4 ] − and iodide , due to their comparable charge/radius ratio, are similarly incorporated into the thyroid gland. (en-academic.com)
Concentration2
- This results in an elevated intra-follicular iodide concentration compared to the plasma. (myendoconsult.com)
- As a result, a high concentration of sodium, chlorine, and calcium in the blood vessels occurs. (smpdb.ca)
Tissue1
- If the tissue level of iodide is low, there is an increased expression of iodide transporters. (hormonelab.co.uk)
Calcium1
Occurs1
- Selenomethionine absorption in the gut occurs through the same active sodium dependent transport system as its sulfur-containing counterpart, methionine. (interclinical.com.au)
Amino1
- The transport of serum amino acids into cells is an active process that is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters. (spandidos-publications.com)
Test1
- In A Pack Size Of 2.5 Litre , Methyl Green, In A Pack Size Of 5Gm, 25Gm , Methylene Blue 25Gm , Methylene Bluesolution 125Ml , Multistix ( Minimum 10 Parameters ) , In A Pack Size Of 100 Test , Myelo Peroxidase Stain, In A Pack Size Of 25 Gm. (haryanatenders.net)
Expression1
- PTU and MMI have been found to decrease also the expression of NIS mRNA and consequently iodide accumulation, as shown in FRTL-5 cells (Spitzweg et al. (aopwiki.org)
Brain1
- Sodium pertechnetate cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier . (en-academic.com)
Solution1
- Liquid Based Cytology System With Vials For Collection, Transport And Solution For Preservation, Cleaning & Lysis Of Cells To Be Quoted Without Stain. (haryanatenders.net)
Action1
- aided by the dissolving action of rains and streams, the mineral washings were transported to the sea. (antiaging-systems.com)
Anion1
- To evaluate an oxidative response in different organs, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated in fruit and leaves. (frontiersin.org)
Potassium3
- There are five perchlorate salts that are manufactured in substantial amounts: magnesium, potassium, ammonium, sodium, and lithium perchlorate. (cdc.gov)
- Slow leak channels allow potassium (K + ), sodium (Na + ), and chlorine (Cl - ) ions to cross the cell membrane. (benbest.com)
- potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate potassium iodide ar 90. (tendersinkarnataka.com)
Thyroxine1
- Thyrotropin stimulates thyroid gland by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). (lecturio.com)
Cell membrane1
- These "iodide transport/utilization inhibitors" interfere with iodide transport at the cell membrane in several organs at sites of iodide oxidation and utilization. (healyourselfathome.com)
Reabsorption1
- These carriers maintain the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids by sodium-dependent bile acid reabsorption in the gut via ASBT and sodium-dependent bile acid transport into hepatocytes via NTCP [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrogen peroxide1
- A 93% flux improvement was observed when manganese peroxidase was activated when 800uM manganous sulphate, 100mM hydrogen peroxide were added in the presence of a manganese chelator, lactate. (ru.ac.za)
Intracellular2
- This results in intracellular iodide concentrations that are 10 to 200 times that of serum. (veteriankey.com)
- Results showed that SD entered the cells by active transport after 30 min of treatment and intracellular SD concentration was maintained at a high level during the treatment period. (spkx.net.cn)
Synthesis1
- These chemicals may affect the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the human body that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior [ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1997 ]. (nih.gov)
Chlorine2
Deficiency1
- Also, a review has questioned the adequacy of iodide in commercial cat diets before 2006, suggesting that the increased incidence of feline hyperthyroidism might have been associated with iodide deficiency (Edinboro et al. (veteriankey.com)
Inhibitors1
- Enhanced HEX expression and diffuse nuclear localization were also obtained when MCF-7 cells were treated with inhibitors of histone deacetylases such as sodium butyrate and trichostatin A. With respect to normal non-lactating breast, the amount of nuclear HEX was greatly increased in lactating tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecules1
- Some ions and molecules are actively transported at the expense of cellular energy. (benbest.com)
Enzymes1
- The process involves the use of activatable peroxidase enzymes, which were immobilised onto flat sheet polysulphone membranes. (ru.ac.za)
Concentrations2
- Indeed, dietary iodide has been shown to be inversely related to free T 4 concentrations (Tarttellin and Ford, 1994). (veteriankey.com)
- The dog has plasma iodide concentrations of 5 to 10 µg/dl, which are 10 to 20 times the levels in human plasma. (veteriankey.com)
Membrane1
- NIS is a membrane protein responsible for iodide transport into the follicular cells of the thyroid, which is the first and most critical step leading to T4 biosynthesis (Dohan et al. (aopwiki.org)
Cells2
- This thyroid hormone is transported in the blood stream to a trillion cells in our body, the periphery. (jeffreydachmd.com)
- Functional transport studies with different neurotransmitters, bile acids and steroid sulfates were performed in SLC10A4-transfected HEK293 cells, SLC10A4-transfected CAD cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Effectively2
- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SODIUM IODIDE I 131 CAPSULES DIAGNOSTIC safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
- Studies have found that sodium dehydroacetate (SD) can effectively inhibit the growth of Penicillium digitatum but its inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. (spkx.net.cn)
Activity2
- But this chimera also did not show any transport activity, even when the N-terminal domain of SLC10A4 was deleted by mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although different kinds of assays were used to screen for transport function, SLC10A4 failed to show transport activity for a series of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, indicating that SLC10A4 does not seem to represent a typical neurotransmitter transporter such as DAT, SERT, CHT1 or VMAT2. (biomedcentral.com)
Include1
- Common adverse reactions reported with diagnostic doses of sodium iodide I 131 include nausea, vomiting, itching, rash and hives. (nih.gov)
Foods1
- Commercial cat foods have been shown to be quite variable in the amount of iodide provided, probably a result of the variable amount of seafood used to create the diet. (veteriankey.com)
Studies1
- For these studies, transport by the dopamine transporter DAT, the serotonin transporter SERT, the choline transporter CHT1, the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2, the organic cation transporter Oct1, and NTCP were used as positive control. (biomedcentral.com)
Function2
- Sodium Iodide I 131 Capsules Diagnostic is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for the assessment of thyroid function and for thyroid imaging. (nih.gov)
- The SLC10A4 protein was detected in synaptic vesicles of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system, suggesting a transport function for any kind of neurotransmitter. (biomedcentral.com)