EAAT2Glutamate transportersEAATsSolute carrieHigh affinityEAAT5AstrocytesMetabolismUptakeEAAT3SynapsesELISA KitGeneProteinAspartateSerineAspartic acidGlutamicReceptorsInhibitorsExtracellular glutamateMembranePostsynapticPhysiologicalSmall moleculeBrainCurrentsRegulateInhibitorSuppressesTwofoldExpressionRoleHumanSodiumMajorEffects
EAAT215
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Other compounds that enhance the activity of EAAT2 (the main astrocytic transporter in the CNS) in pathological conditions, such as ß-lactam antibiotics, attenuate damage in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. (drexel.edu)
- Previous studies in my lab have identified a unique natural compound from the spider Parawixia bistriata that increases the activity of glutamate transporter EAAT2 and has neuroprotective effects on retinal tissue under ischemia. (drexel.edu)
- EAAT2 accounts for 80-90% of this activity of extracellular excitatory amino acid uptake ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2. (go.jp)
- Jensen and Bauner-Osborne (2004) Pharmacological characterization of human excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 in a fluorescense-based membrane potential assay. (tocris.com)
- In AST, AEG-1 causes glutamatergic excitotoxicity by downregulating the activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoter, leading to neuronal cell death in glioma-induced neurodegenerative disease ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The SLC1A2 gene encodes excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), which is a protein that is critical for maintaining glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft in the adult brain. (essentialtremor.org)
- EAAT1 is expressed during development and also in adulthood, whereas EAAT2 is the main glutamate transporter in adult brain, responsible for over 90% of total glutamate uptake. (essentialtremor.org)
- Since EAAT1 and EAAT2 are the two major glutamate transporters in the cerebellar cortex, we systematically investigated the expression level and immunohistochemical cellular localization of these two proteins in the postmortem cerebellum of ET cases vs. controls. (essentialtremor.org)
- This study showed that excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) levels (which is a protein that is critical for maintaining glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft in the adult brain) were significantly decreased in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex, in contrast to similar levels of EAAT1 levels between ET cases and controls. (essentialtremor.org)
- In animal models, decreased excitatory aminoacid transporter 2 (EAAT2) overexpression delays disease onset and prolongs survival, and ceftriaxone increases EAAT2 activity. (researchwithrutgers.com)
- With this approach, they uncovered a gene that encodes the membrane transport protein known as excitatory amino acid transporter 2 or Eaat2. (rimuhc.ca)
Glutamate transporters15
- Glutamate transporters play an important role in maintaining extracellular glutamate homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
- The authors studied the effects of volatile anesthetics on one type of glutamate transporters, excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3), and the role of protein kinase C in mediating these effects. (silverchair.com)
- Glutamate transporters play an important role in removing glutamate from extracellular space into cells. (silverchair.com)
- Dysfunction of glutamate transporters causes glutamate accumulation that results in glutamate-mediated neuronal injury, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ischemic brain damage and other neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (silverchair.com)
- 1,2 Five glutamate transporters have been characterized to date: excitatory amino acid transporters 1-5 (EAAT1-5). (silverchair.com)
- SLC1A1 encodes a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters that play an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes. (abbkine.com)
- Research in the A. Mortensen lab focuses on understanding mechanisms that regulate glutamate transporters, crucial proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) that modulate excitatory transmission. (drexel.edu)
- Our projects include basic research programs to further our knowledge of glutamate transporters regulation in physiological and disease states, and translational projects involving the development of small molecule allosteric modulators of these transporters. (drexel.edu)
- Glutamate transporters are essential players in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain, where they maintain extracellular glutamate below cytotoxic levels and allow for rounds of transmission. (elifesciences.org)
- Sodium and aspartate symporter Glt Ph is an archaeal homolog of human glutamate transporters, which clear the neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic cleft following rounds of neurotransmission ( Danbolt, 2001 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Glutamate transporters , also known as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), are sodium- and potassium-dependent members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC1), widely distributed throughout the brain. (tocris.com)
- Functions of glutamate transporters include regulation of excitatory neurotransmission , maintenance of low ambient extracellular glutamate concentrations (protects against neurotoxicity) and providing glutamate for metabolism through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. (tocris.com)
- Overactivity of glutamate transporters has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, whilst underactivity is seen in ischemia and traumatic brain injury. (tocris.com)
- regulated by a family of glutamate transporters, the excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs), which in the central nervous system comprise five subtypes (EAAT1 - 5). (essentialtremor.org)
- Light responses of rod photoreceptor cells in the retina are encoded by changes in synaptic glutamate release that is in turn shaped by reuptake involving EAAT5 plasma membrane glutamate transporters. (bvsalud.org)
EAATs4
- Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) on the plasma membrane regulate and modulate glutamate neurotransmission by transporting synaptically released glutamate back into cells. (drexel.edu)
- The main goals of my research are twofold: to investigate the regulation of EAATs in physiological states and neurological disorders, and to progress the development of compounds that target these transporters for therapeutic purposes. (drexel.edu)
- Extracellular excitatory amino acids are mainly transported into cells by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) expressed on astrocytes to avoid excessive excitation of neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) of the solute carrier family 1A (SLC1A) take up the neurotransmitter L-glutamate from the synaptic environment, which is necessary to keep the extracellular concentration low and prevent neurotoxicity 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Solute carrie1
- Recently, polymorphisms (the occurrence of two or more genetically determined characteristics or traits in a certain population) in the solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (SLC1A2) gene have emerged as a potential genetic risk factor for ET in a genome-wide association study in Europe. (essentialtremor.org)
High affinity2
- EAAT5 is expressed predominantly in the retina, has high affinity for the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
- Within this QTL, we selected glial high-affinity glutamate transporter 1 (Glt1) as the leading candidate. (nih.gov)
EAAT54
- Excitatory amino-acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- When stimulated by this amino acid, EAAT5 conducts chloride ions. (wikipedia.org)
- While such effects are largely mediated by conventional inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors, excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) also contributes a significant unconventional inhibitory activity. (wustl.edu)
- We tested EAAT5 activation in mouse rods in vivo by stimulating glutamate transporter anion currents (IA(glu)) with UV flash photolysis of MNI-glutamate, varying flash intensity to vary glutamate levels. (bvsalud.org)
Astrocytes1
- AEG‑1 is associated with glutamate excitotoxicity due to its reported function of repressing excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression in astrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Metabolism1
- Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
Uptake4
- Rosmarinic Acid and Sodium Citrate Have a Synergistic Bacteriostatic Effect against Vibrio Species by Inhibiting Iron Uptake. (go.jp)
- It is well-established that the secondary active transporters Glt Tk and Glt Ph catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. (nature.com)
- Further, O-benzyl-L-serine and trans-4-hydroxy-proline, known substrate inhibitors of the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT) reduced D-serine uptake. (mendeley.com)
- Impairments in the expression and/or glutamate uptake activity of glia glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) contribute to synapse loss in AD. (bvsalud.org)
EAAT31
- Excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of EAAT3 mRNA. (silverchair.com)
Synapses4
- Researchers propose to test this hypothesis by examining the number of excitatory synapses (structures that permit a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell) and the levels of excitotoxicity markers in the ET cerebellum. (essentialtremor.org)
- Glutamatergic synapses are the major excitatory synapses in the brain, and brain glutamate levels are exquisitely controlled. (essentialtremor.org)
- Question: Despite its involvement in plasticity and memory related to excitatory synapses, its cellular source and sink remain a question. (mendeley.com)
- Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)
ELISA Kit3
- Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- This Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (SLC1A1) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate SLC1A1 in samples. (abbkine.com)
- Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (SLC1A1) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human SLC1A1. (abbkine.com)
Gene4
- This transporter also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylicamino aciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect. (abbkine.com)
- A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
- Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
- Negative association findings and research involving the serotonin transporter gene, FMR1, RELN, WNT2, HOXA1, and HOXB1 genes may be found elsewhere on this site . (neurotransmitter.net)
Protein1
- Oocytes pretreated with any of the three protein kinase C inhibitors alone (chelerythrine, staurosporine, or calphostin C) did not affect basal transporter current. (silverchair.com)
Aspartate2
- Briefly, the transporters are homotrimers with each protomer consisting of a centrally located scaffold or trimerization domain and a peripheral transport domain that harbors the L-aspartate (L-asp) and three sodium (Na + ) ions binding sites. (elifesciences.org)
- Combined with previous pre-equilibrium binding studies, a full kinetic mechanism of structurally characterized aspartate transporters of the SLC1A family is now emerging. (nature.com)
Serine1
- It involved placing a tiny glass patch pipette, onto the surface of the astrocytic membrane, to record D-serine transporter currents. (mendeley.com)
Aspartic acid3
- When ischemic stroke occurs, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause the release of excessive excitatory amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which exert excitotoxic effects on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
- L-Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- L-Aspartic acid is used as a cell culture media component for the commercial biomanufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Glutamic1
- The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)
Receptors1
- It was hypothesized that the activation of xc- prevents drug seeking by increasing glutamatergic tone on presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) and thereby inhibiting excitatory transmission. (jneurosci.org)
Inhibitors1
- The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Extracellular glutamate1
- In brain, these transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. (abbkine.com)
Membrane2
- To overcome the complication that purified transporters may adopt right-side-out or inside-out membrane orientations upon reconstitution, thereby confounding the kinetic analysis, we employed a rapid method using synthetic nanobodies to inactivate one population. (nature.com)
- The transport domains are mobile and move through the lipid bilayer (alike an elevator) when translocating the amino acid substrate and co-transported ions across the membrane 13 . (nature.com)
Postsynaptic1
- Dynamic target of seizure control in management of epilepsy is achieving balance between factors that influence excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and those that influence inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). (medscape.com)
Physiological1
- Studies on the physiological effects of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate. (cdc.gov)
Small molecule1
- Biohaven's troriluzole is a novel, orally administered small molecule that modulates glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the human body. (pharmiweb.com)
Brain1
- Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. (essentialtremor.org)
Currents1
- Bicarbonate based ASCF was avoided due to puff generated bicarbonate transporter currents. (mendeley.com)
Regulate1
- In the first experiment, the capacity of glutamate derived from xc- to regulate excitatory transmission via mGluR2/3 was determined. (jneurosci.org)
Inhibitor1
- Proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal key regulators associated with cytostatic effect of amino acid transporter LAT1 inhibitor. (go.jp)
Suppresses1
- Pharmacologic inhibition of LAT1 predominantly suppresses transport of large neutral amino acids and downregulates global translation in cancer cells. (go.jp)
Twofold1
- Time constants were twofold faster at 35°C, suggesting that they reflect transporter kinetics, not diffusion. (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
- Troriluzole is thought to restore glutamate homeostasis by enhancing glutamate cycling, decreasing presynaptic glutamate release, and augmenting the expression and function of excitatory amino acid transporters (i.e. (pharmiweb.com)
Role1
- 1987. Ammonia emissions and their role in acid deposition. (cdc.gov)
Human1
- Arriza et al (1994) Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex. (tocris.com)
Sodium1
- Sodium salt of 7-Chlorokynurenic acid (Cat. (tocris.com)
Major1
- GLUTAMATE is a major excitatory neurotransmitter. (silverchair.com)
Effects1
- To minimise biliary side-effects, participants assigned to ceftriaxone also received 300 mg ursodeoxycholic acid twice daily and those assigned to placebo received matched placebo capsules. (researchwithrutgers.com)