Transplantation clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

PERTINENT ISSUES: The morality of organ transplantation. (christianliferesources.com)
Organ transplantation including donation after cardiac death, ethics of listing decisions. (stanford.edu)
In solid organ transplantation, donor derived immune cells are assumed to decline with time after surgery. (biorxiv.org)
Her discoveries have profound implications for the understanding and treating of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer. (ctcase.org)
CMV infection is a significant complication after solid organ transplantation. (wustl.edu)
Improvement in transplantation procedures, beginning with the advent of immunosuppressive therapies in the early 1980s, has lead to more and more patients benefiting from organ transplantation. (scialert.net)
Even though each cadaveric organ donor can often supply multiple organs for transplantation, many patients still die before a suitable organ becomes available. (scialert.net)
The motivation for using animal sources for organ or tissue transplantation is driven by supply and demand. (medscape.com)
According to the most current report from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), more than 107,241 Americans were waiting for organ transplantation as of May 2010. (medscape.com)
Additionally, organs from animal sources could be transplanted into patients currently excluded from the human organ transplantation list. (medscape.com)
Alexis Carrel is known as the founding father of experimental organ transplantation because of his pioneering work with vascular techniques. (medscape.com)
Great Iranian Muslim scholars netics, stem cell research, and organ trans- laid huge emphasis on teaching and practis- plantation are some of the medical issues ing ethics. (who.int)
2. History of hematopoietic cell transplant or solid organ transplant or anticipated candidate for transplantation during the study. (who.int)

Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Embryonic stem cells can be derived legally from surplus embryos donated following IVF treatment. (eurostemcell.org)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
In the ongoing debate about cloning human embryos for research, and about destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, it is important to keep some basic facts in mind. (actionlife.org)
Stem cells from the human body exist in both adults and embryos. (forhims.co.uk)
Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)

It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
Some lawmakers agree and have introduced a bill that would ban any efforts to produce human clones but would permit somatic cell nuclear transplantation, the type of cloning used in the creation of Dolly in Scotland. (westerncarolinian.com)

CCR5 inhibitors blocked the migration and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer cells that expressed CCR5, suggesting that CCR5 may function as a new therapeutic target. (wikipedia.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
We are identifying new targets for these therapeutics, exploring pathways of resistance to current cell therapies and creating next generation platforms to overcome therapeutic resistance. (stanford.edu)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Many scientists argue that therapeutic cloning of specific human cells are vital for finding the cures for diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. (westerncarolinian.com)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
However, there are a number of factors limiting the procurement of organs and accordingly, therapeutic cloning that perhaps can yield still better results needs to be considered as an alternative. (scialert.net)
One of the next preclinical steps, according to the authors, is to evaluate, in the lab, differentiated patient-specific human embryonic stem cell lines for immune-system tolerance, therapeutic efficacy and safety. (scienceblog.com)
The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)

as well as diagnostic techniques, drug development and tissue transplantation. (who.int)
An experimental tissue transplantation technique developed by Dr. Lipton and colleague Dr. Ed Schultz and published in the journal Science was subsequently employed as a novel form of human genetic engineering. (newsforthesoul.com)

hEPCs have been used for cell-based therapies due to their capacity to contribute in the re-endothelialization of injured blood vessels and neovascularization in ischemic tissues. (intechopen.com)
The reproductive cloning of people is prohibited, including that for the purposes of donating organs, tissues and cells. (eurostemcell.org)
The Law on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues, and Cells (promulgated SG No. 83/19 September 2003, into force 1 January 2004) regulates the use, collection and storage (including biobanks) of all cells, organs and human tissue in Bulgaria. (eurostemcell.org)
Law on the Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells (Promulgated in the State Gazette, issue No. 83/19 September 2003, entered into force on 1 January 2004), at http://bgtransplant.bg/iat/docs/Law%20on%20transplantation.doc (Word download), accessed 10 October 2011. (eurostemcell.org)
Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
These cells exist in various tissues and can develop into any cell type of an organism. (forhims.co.uk)
But generally, stem cells are harvested from autologous tissues - tissues from your own body. (forhims.co.uk)
Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)
Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)
Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
When the oxygen content of body tissues is low, if there is loss of blood or anemia, or if the number of red blood cells decreases, the kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (medscape.com)

That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
This is cloning, a process in which the body cell that donated the replacement nucleus supplies the chromosomes of the new human organism. (actionlife.org)
Whether the new organism is produced by fertilization or by cloning, each new human organism is a distinct entity. (actionlife.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)

Therefore, a central goal in clinical care of SDS patients is to identify incipient leukemic transformation and initiate pre-emptive treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (nature.com)
This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine/total body irradiation is feasible and may induce tumor regression or stabilization in some patients. (aacrjournals.org)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved omidubicel-onlv (Omisirge) for reducing infections and hastening neutrophil recovery for blood cancer patients aged 12 years and older who are undergoing allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants. (medscape.com)
Adverse events are consistent with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . (medscape.com)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative but it requires a histocompatible donor and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, so it is reserved for severe cases of PNH with aplastic anemia or transformation to leukemia. (medscape.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
In the experiments, Gurdon conducted nuclear transplantation, or cloning, of differentiated cells, or cells that have already specialized to become one cell type or another, in tadpoles. (asu.edu)
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
Scientists have isolated the first human embryonic stem cell lines specifically tailored to match the nuclear DNA of patients, both males and females of various ages, suffering from disease or spinal cord injury. (scienceblog.com)
Each of the 11 new human embryonic stem cell lines was created by transferring the nuclear genetic material from a non-reproductive cell of a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. (scienceblog.com)
This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. (scienceblog.com)
Currently, the procedure for isolating non-reproductive cells for the nuclear transfer method involves animal enzymes and serum. (scienceblog.com)
From the 185 donated oocytes, endowed with the genetic material from a different person (or in one case, the same person), the researchers report development of 31 hollow balls of cells called "human nuclear-transfer blastocysts. (scienceblog.com)
From the 31 nuclear-transfer blastocysts, the scientists derived 11 stem cell lines. (scienceblog.com)
The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-reproductive ("somatic") cell came from the same healthy female. (scienceblog.com)
The ten additional new lines resulted from nuclear transfer with skin cells of males or females and oocytes from biologically-unrelated females. (scienceblog.com)
A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)
The first pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been generated from somatic cell nuclear transfer, according to a study published today (October 5) in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer typically involves the transfer of genomic information from a somatic cell into an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer has shown limited success in animal studies, which have successfully isolated pluripotent cells. (the-scientist.com)
In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)
Instead of removing the egg genome prior to nuclear transfer, he and his colleagues added the somatic cell nucleus directly to the intact egg. (the-scientist.com)

The outcome for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is quite poor, while, both donor lymphocytes infusion (DLI) and adoptively infusion of γδ T cells in leukemia patients after HSCT have demonstrated good results in prolonging survival time of patients. (psu.edu)

2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)

It could make hair transplantation available to individuals with a limited number of follicles, including those with female-pattern hair loss, scarring alopecia, and hair loss due to burns. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Cite this: FDA OKs Stem Cell Therapy to Reduce Infection Risk in Blood Cancer Patients - Medscape - Apr 18, 2023. (medscape.com)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
Since the birth of Dolly in February of 1997, the idea of cloning has been in the minds of people all over the world. (westerncarolinian.com)
the transplantation law was passed in 1997 (Kleidienst et al . (scialert.net)

Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
To our knowledge, this is the first report of cloned mammalian offspring originating from nonviable cells. (cnrs.fr)

Here we report that multiple independent somatic hematopoietic clones arise early in life, most commonly harboring heterozygous mutations in EIF6 or TP53 . (nature.com)

These cells can be differentiated into mature endothelial cells, which are involved in processes of angiogenesis and vessel regeneration. (intechopen.com)
Thus, it has been shown that early EPCs release cytokines that promote tissue regeneration and neovasculogenesis, whereas late EPC and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to the formation of blood vessels and stimulate tube formation. (intechopen.com)
So we were faced with a catch-22: how to expand a sufficiently large number of cells for hair regeneration while retaining their inductive properties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This project will delve into innate immune cell function, establishing in vitro and in vivo systems test innate immune cell function in regeneration. (lu.se)

In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. (bmj.com)
In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research. (bmj.com)
The adoptive transfer, in vivo, of in-vitro-sensitized cells, from B6AF 1 anti B10.BR or from C57BL/6 anti DBA/2 cultures, and expanded eight-fold to ten-fold for one week in lectinfree interleukin 2 (LF-IL-2) were able to mediate specific skin allograft rejection. (johnshopkins.edu)
These same cells lost the ability to mediate accelerated skin graft rejection when they were expanded more than 100-fold during three weeks of culture in LF-IL-2 even though these cultures mediated high levels of specific in vitro cytotoxicity for the appropriate allosensitizing cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
When Lyt-2 + cells were depleted using monoclonal antibodies and complement prior to in vitro sensitization and expansion in LFIL-2, these cells lines retained the ability to mediate skin allograft rejection in vivo when expanded more than 100-fold for three culture generations in vitro. (johnshopkins.edu)
These latter lines were greatly enriched for Lyt-1 + 2 − cells and had little or no cytolytic activity, but they retained specific in vitro proliferative responses to the sensitizing alloantigen. (johnshopkins.edu)
These studies demonstrate that skin allograft rejection can be mediated by Lyt-1 + 2 − cell lines with specific in vitro proliferative activity to alloantigen although Lyt-1 − 2 + cell lines with cytolytic but not proliferative activity to alloantigen in vitro are ineffective in mediating graft rejection in vivo. (johnshopkins.edu)
Specific proliferative activity and no cytolysis appears to be a good in vitro correlate of the in vivo activity of long-term cultured cell lines. (johnshopkins.edu)
Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Células cultivadas in vitro procedentes de tejido neoplásico que se utilizan en el estudio de las capacidades metabólicas y proliferativas de las células tumorales, en el pronóstico de las respuestas clínicas a la quimioterapia, en la detección de nuevos agentes antitumorales y en las investigaciones biológicas básicas. (bvsalud.org)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (bvsalud.org)

These regulatory mechanisms include: genetic deletions that abrogate cell surface expression of CCR5, downregulation of CCR5 on the surface of CD4+ T cells, in particular on memory cells, and delayed onset of CCR5 expression on the CD4+ T cells during development. (wikipedia.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
1. The use of sera and monoclonal antibodies has permitted the serological definition of three polymorphic genetic loci HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C, which encode the 45kDa heavy chains of the classical class I transplantation antigens. (gla.ac.uk)
In their new paper, Science author Woo Suk Hwang from Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea and colleagues replaced the nuclei from donated oocytes with nuclei from skin cells from male and female patients, ranging in age from 2 to 56, who had spinal cord injuries, juvenile diabetes and the genetic disease "congenital hypogamma-globulinemia. (scienceblog.com)
Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)
Similarly, a clone would be a genetic duplicate of another human being, but there is no denying that it would also be a separate individual. (actionlife.org)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)

In this study, we observed that the expression of pseudouridine (Ψ) synthase 10 is increased in aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and enforced protein of Ψ synthase 10 (PUS10) recapitulates the phenotype of aged HSC, which is not achieved by its Ψ synthase activity. (haematologica.org)
However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)

We observed CD8 T cell inflation but no changes in clonal diversity, indicating homeostatic stability in clones. (wustl.edu)
Temporal changes in clonality in response to transplantation and in the absence of detectable viral reactivation suggest changes in the repertoire immediately after transplantation followed by an expansion with stable clonal competition that may mediate protection. (wustl.edu)
Long-term clonal culturing of organoids from Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease. (medscape.com)

Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)

The work also moves scientists one step closer to the goal of transplanting healthy cells into humans to replace cells damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes. (scienceblog.com)
[ 5 ] and pig neuronal cells have been transplanted into patients with Parkinson (Parkinson's) disease and Huntington (Huntington's) disease . (medscape.com)

Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (bmj.com)
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells of non-haematopoietic origin, with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme, that is, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. (bmj.com)
It is well-described that leptin receptor (LepR) + perivascular stromal cells provide a major source of bone-forming osteoblasts in adult and aged bone marrow. (nature.com)
These Fgfr3-creER -marked endosteal stromal cells contribute to a stem cell fraction in young stages, which is later replaced by Lepr-cre -marked stromal cells in adult stages. (nature.com)
Further, Fgfr3 + endosteal stromal cells give rise to aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions upon loss of p53 tumor suppressor through unregulated self-renewal and aberrant osteogenic fates. (nature.com)
These Fgfr3 + stem/stromal cells with OCT identities are abundant in the young bone marrow and depleted in the old bone marrow, denoting their transitional nature. (nature.com)
Overall, our findings indicate that Fgfr3 + endosteal stem/stromal cells with OCT identities dictate active and aggressive osteogenesis, identifying these cells as an important regulator of long-term bone homeostasis. (nature.com)
Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Progenitor cell (stem cell) lines in the bone marrow produce new blood cells and stromal cells. (medscape.com)
One type of stem cell is involved in producing blood cells and the other is involved in producing stromal cells, which are responsible for the supporting stroma. (medscape.com)

The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Recipient origin T cells expressed cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory genes consistent with an effector cell phenotype whereas donor origin T cells are likely quiescent expressing oxidative phosphorylation genes relative to recipient T cells. (biorxiv.org)
Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)

Her work was fundamental to the understanding of tertiary lymphoid organs, accumulations of lymphoid cells that are damaging in autoimmunity, but can be key to defense against microorganisms and tumors. (ctcase.org)
1999). Majority of the organs for transplantation are donated from patients in whom brain-stem death has been diagnosed and who are then ventilated to maintain adequate oxygenation and circulation-the so called non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) (D Allessandro et al . (scialert.net)
The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
In light of the lack of supply of human organs for transplantation, several alternatives have been investigated and debated. (medscape.com)
Finally, most patients perceive xenotransplantation as an acceptable bridge to transplantation of human organs in life-threatening situations. (medscape.com)

Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)

WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)

A targeted neuroglial reporter line generated by homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
In this study, we targeted Olig2, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays an important role in motoneuron and oligodendrocyte development, in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line BG01 by homologous recombination. (ca.gov)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)

Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit compromised reconstitution capacity and differentiation-bias towards myeloid lineage, however, the molecular mechanism behind it remains not fully understood. (haematologica.org)
In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. (scienceblog.com)
For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)
Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
Such information is mediated immunity, secreting the cytokine crucial to determine the optimal approach interferon-gamma (IFN) that inhibits Th2 to improve the immune response of DN cell differentiation. (who.int)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
Granulosa cells from adult sheep were heated to nonphysiological temperatures (55 degrees C or 75 degrees C) before their nuclei were injected into enucleated metaphase II oocytes. (cnrs.fr)
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Bone Marrow Transplantation and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Questions and Answers about these Adult/NONembryonic Stem Cells Key Points Hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells are. (physiciansforlife.org)
Gurdon's experiment showed that differentiated adult cells could be induced to an undifferentiated state, where they could once again become multiple cell types. (asu.edu)
Last year, states considered more than 170 bills on embryonic and adult stem cell research. (consciencelaws.org)
Should the state fund adult stem cell research instead? (consciencelaws.org)
The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)

A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
Hwang and colleagues report that the cells are chromosomally normal, self-renewing and "pluripotent" - meaning they have the ability to form the three major types of cells in the early embryo that give rise to all other cells in the body. (scienceblog.com)
The fusion ultimately gives rise to a microscopic embryo, from which embryonic stem cells can theoretically be derived. (the-scientist.com)
The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)
Normally, the embryo comes into being through sexual conception, in which the female egg cell is fertilized by a male sperm cell. (actionlife.org)

Her findings that cytokines can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) and contribute to autoimmune diseases changed thinking in the field. (ctcase.org)
This could allow us to create cells that are useful for transplantation for a variety of diseases without the problem of immunological rejection," said Noggle in a press briefing. (the-scientist.com)
When germ-free cell cultures became a laboratory routine, hopes were high for using this novel technology for treatment of diseases or replacement of cells in patients suffering from injury, inflammation, or cancer or even refreshing cells in the elderly. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
Gurdon's research built on the work of Thomas King and Robert Briggs in the United States, who in 1952 published findings that indicated that scientists could take a nucleus from an early embryonic cell and successfully transfer it into an unfertilized and enucleated egg cell. (asu.edu)
In sexual reproduction the new individual gets half of its chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm cell and half from the nucleus of the egg cell. (actionlife.org)
Instead, an egg has its nucleus removed and replaced by a nucleus from another type of cell-a body cell. (actionlife.org)

In a Science "Policy Forum" related to the team's latest findings, David Magnus and Mildred Cho from Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA discuss international oversight and ethical issues in oocyte donation, including the need to promote realistic expectations of the outcomes of stem cell research. (scienceblog.com)

No obvious correlations between clinical parameters, including age, karyotype, existence of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones, pretreatment blood counts, progenitor cell counts, and the response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST), were found. (springermedizin.at)
We know that innate immune cells are required for blastema progenitor cell formation, but are lacking an understanding of the immune cell processes and functions that are required for inducing and maintaining these progenitors cells. (lu.se)

Human embryonic stem cell research and the derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines is not directly regulated by Bulgarian legislation, but falls partially within the scope of the Bulgarian Health Act (promulgated SG No. 70/10 August 2004, into force from 1 January 2005). (eurostemcell.org)

Dr. Lipton's research on muscular dystrophy, studies employing cloned human stem cells, focused upon the molecular mechanisms controlling cell behavior. (newsforthesoul.com)
Before the tools of molecular biology were available, she developed T cell clones and realized that the cytotoxic factor she discovered was a combination of the cytokines lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). (ctcase.org)
The discovery of this new class of SSCs is based on the conjunction of evidence from unbiased single-cell molecular profiling and functional dissection of the BMSC lineage hierarchy using in vivo cell lineage analysis. (nature.com)
In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)

These receptors are located on the surface of host immune cells whereby they provide a method of entry for the HIV-1 virus to infect the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Following early observations that MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation, 9 MSCs were found to interact with the majority of innate and adaptive immune cells. (bmj.com)

These could be fat stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (harvested from bone marrow cells, fat tissue or dental pulp). (forhims.co.uk)
The bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells. (medscape.com)

Bulgarian Centre for Bioethics, at http://www.bio-ethics.net/en/content/mission , accessed 7 November 2011. (eurostemcell.org)

Current Research and Scholarly Interests Recent clinical studies, by us and others, have demonstrated that genetically engineered T cells can eradicate cancers resistant to all other therapies. (stanford.edu)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
We show that germline SBDS deficiency establishes a fitness constraint that drives selection of somatic clones via two distinct mechanisms with different clinical consequences. (nature.com)
Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
This means any stem cell hair transplants will be considered cosmetic treatments, investigational therapies or clinical trials - and not covered by your insurance. (forhims.co.uk)
Clinical manifestations of PNH occur when a HSC clone carrying somatic PIGA mutations acquires a growth advantage and differentiates, generating mature blood cells that are deficient of GPI-anchored proteins. (medscape.com)
The name of the disorder is a descriptive term for the clinical consequence of red blood cell (RBC) breakdown with release of hemoglobin into the urine, which manifests most prominently as dark-colored urine in the morning (see image below). (medscape.com)

1995). Though this speaks volumes about the improvement in the level of health-care being provided, it also points to the important fact that the number of potential donors may be decreasing, which in turn is seriously limiting the transplantation programs. (scialert.net)
Oocyte donors and patients who donated non-reproductive cells were all unpaid volunteers. (scienceblog.com)
For underage donors of non-reproductive cells, both parents signed informed-consent agreements. (scienceblog.com)
So they tested their idea by harvesting dermal papillae from seven human donors and cloned them in tissue culture - without adding any additional growth factors. (medicalnewstoday.com)

CD8 + CTL clones recognizing minor H antigens were isolated from five patients studied. (aacrjournals.org)
CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)

Somatic TP53 mutations have been observed in patients with SDS who develop MDS 13 , raising the possibility that next-generation sequencing could be integrated into surveillance for somatic clones with enhanced leukemia potential. (nature.com)
PNH is caused by somatic mutations in PIGA (which encodes phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A) in one or more HSC clones. (medscape.com)

When People Say: "Embryonic stem cell research is. (christianliferesources.com)
Should embryonic stem cell research be legal? (consciencelaws.org)

We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
Whether you've been diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia or another form of hair loss, we're guessing you already know this and are curious if stem cell therapies might be your pathway to new hair follicles . (forhims.co.uk)

Anatomy24

Organisms9

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment100

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Named Groups4

Health Care28

Organ13

Embryos11

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation2

Therapeutic15

Tissue transplantation2

Tissues13

Creation of cloned human1

Organism9

Allogeneic6

Nuclear24

Acute lymphobl1

Reproductive cloning of hum4

Hair Transplantation1

20231

19974

Mammalian2

Hematopoietic clones1

Regeneration4

Vitro16

Genetic6

Asexual reproduction2

Stem and progenitor cells2

Clonal4

Located in the bone ma1

Parkinson's2

Stromal cells10

Genes4

Organs5

Renal cell carc1

Ethically unacceptable2

Homologous3

Differentiation8

Adult8

Embryo5

Diseases4

Nucleus5

Ethical1

Progenitor cell2

Derivation1

Molecular4

Immune cells2

Mesenchymal2

Centre1

Clinical8

Donors4

Antigens2

Mutations2

Embryonic Stem Cel2

Therapies2