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EncephalitisEncephalitis, ViralEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseLimbic EncephalitisEncephalitis, ArbovirusEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis, Herpes SimplexEncephalitis, St. LouisEncephalitis VirusesEncephalitis Virus, St. LouisJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineKidney TransplantationEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineAnti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyTransplantsEncephalomyelitis, EquineEncephalitis, CaliforniaGraft RejectionEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseFlavivirusImmunosuppressive AgentsGraft SurvivalTransplantation, HomologousHeart TransplantationToxoplasmosis, CerebralTissue DonorsTransplantationFlavivirus InfectionsWest Nile virusWest Nile FeverLung TransplantationAntibodies, ViralCulicidaeEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquineAmebiasisBrainCulexEncephalitis, Varicella ZosterBone Marrow TransplantationTissue and Organ ProcurementTime FactorsViral VaccinesHorse DiseasesTreatment OutcomeRetrospective StudiesCyclosporineTacrolimusFatal OutcomeLa Crosse virusImmunosuppressionEncephalitis Virus, CaliforniaCytomegalovirus InfectionsLiving DonorsParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemMeningoencephalitisWaiting ListsHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPostoperative ComplicationsArthritis-Encephalitis Virus, CaprineAlphavirusImmunocompromised HostArbovirusesArbovirus InfectionsFetal Tissue TransplantationCerebrospinal FluidAntiviral AgentsVero CellsHerpes SimplexAIDS Dementia ComplexMycophenolic AcidHerpesvirus 6, HumanHistocompatibility TestingHorsesViral Envelope ProteinsParkinson Disease, PostencephaliticRNA, ViralCadaverEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedTransplantation ImmunologyEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineAcute DiseaseGraft vs Host DiseaseKidney Failure, ChronicSindbis VirusRoseolovirus InfectionsLiver FailureFollow-Up StudiesHenipavirus InfectionsNeutralization TestsMeningitis, ViralBird DiseasesVirus ReplicationRisk FactorsOpportunistic InfectionsCercopithecus aethiopsAntigens, Viral
RecipientsSolid organTissue transplantsOrganHepatitisVaccineViralSymptomsPatientPatientsPreventionInfectionsComplicationsInfectionReferralLaboratoryDateCancerTreatmentVirusViral encephalitisPneumoniaRecipientMeningitisSevereCultivated peripheral blood2021ClinicalNeurologicDiagnosticStemDiseaseCommonCasesCurrentPeopleResearch
Recipients13
  • During 2002-2013, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated several encephalitis clusters among transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • In many of the clusters, identification of the cause was complicated by delayed diagnosis due to the rarity of the disease, geographic distance separating transplant recipients, and lack of prompt recognition and reporting systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Establishment of surveillance systems to detect illness among organ recipients, including communication among transplant center physicians, organ procurement organizations, and public health authorities, may enable the rapid discovery and investigation of infectious encephalitis clusters. (cdc.gov)
  • These transplant-transmitted pathogen clusters highlight the need for greater awareness among clinicians, pathologists, and public health workers, of emerging infectious agents causing encephalitis among organ recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • Infections caused by other donor-derived pathogens in transplant recipients are often asymptomatic or may result in nonspecific signs and symptoms, including unexplained fever or end-organ injury ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of immunosuppression and underlying co-existing conditions in transplant recipients, these infections can be severe and fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 2002, several types of emerging donor-derived infections have been reported with increasing frequency among solid organ transplant recipients seeking medical care for encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnosing the cause of encephalitis in transplant recipients may be particularly difficult because the cardinal sign of encephalitis (alteration of mental status) can be attributed to numerous other systemic processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, HHV-6B reactivation is common in transplant recipients, which can cause several clinical manifestations such as encephalitis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • HHV-6 infection has been associated with complications of varying severity in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, to a lesser degree in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and in those who are otherwise immunosuppressed. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] HHV-6 encephalitis has been studied almost exclusively in HSCT and SOT recipients, in whom this clinical entity is most likely to occur. (medscape.com)
  • HCV-6 is capable of causing transplant rejection in recipients. (lab24.pl)
  • Patients with neoplastic diseases (especially lymphoproliferative cancers), those receiving immunosuppressive drugs (including corticosteroids), and organ-transplant recipients are at increased risk for shingles. (medical-journals.com)
Solid organ3
  • The risk for infections caused by pathogens transmitted through solid organ or tissue transplants (hereafter referred to as donor-derived or transplant-transmitted infections) has been recognized for decades and remains a worldwide public health problem ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: In 2021, four patients who had received solid organ transplants in the USA developed encephalitis beginning 2-6 weeks after transplantation from a common organ donor. (cdc.gov)
  • The drug of choice for prevention of CMV disease in solid-organ transplant patients is valganciclovir. (medscape.com)
Tissue transplants1
  • Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian physician , virologist, and recipient, with Sir Peter Medawar, of the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance to tissue transplants. (todayinsci.com)
Organ2
Hepatitis2
  • 2018) Valoración de un nuevo ensayo quimioluminiscente en comparación con ELISA en la detección de IgG contra el virus de la hepatitis E. Revista de la Sociedad Andaluza de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica. (vircell.com)
  • Crosby received a liver transplant in 1994 after decades of drug use, and he lived through diabetes, hepatitis C, and heart surgery in his 70s. (vornews.com)
Vaccine1
Viral2
  • Herbal specialists may recommend use of a tincture containing a combination of ginkgo, St. John's wort, and rosemary to relieve symptoms associated with recovery from brain inflammation (viral encephalitis) such as cognitive impairment, visual and speech disturbances, and difficulty performing routine functions. (healthyplace.com)
  • Rivers addressed a range of topics relating to some of the most devastating viral diseases, including smallpox, Rift Valley Fever, and epidemic encephalitis. (todayinsci.com)
Symptoms3
  • The signs and symptoms of encephalitis vary, depending on the region of the brain involved, but most cases are characterized by global cerebral dysfunction or focal neurologic deficits ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The signs and symptoms of donor-derived infections can be obscured by co-existing conditions in the transplant recipient, or they can appear more abruptly than in natural infection because of a higher inoculum of organisms and immunosuppression in the transplant recipient. (cdc.gov)
  • Acyclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet, and other nucleoside analogs can reduce clinical symptoms and virus shedding in oral and genital herpes, herpes encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and herpetic keratitis (5-7). (nomedicalcare.com)
Patient3
  • Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a patient with AIDS: a challenging diagnosis. (bu.edu)
  • Projected cyclosporine and tacrolimus Ctrough ideals for reduced dosing regimens Illustrations of timelines from the time a patient undergoes transplant through the 1st several days of 3D treatment, and comparisons of the pharmacokinetic simulations of expected cyclosporine and tacrolimus concentration\time profiles before and after 3D treatment SHP394 are demonstrated in Fig. ?Fig.44 and Fig. ?Fig.5.5. (informationalwebs.com)
  • SHP394 Notice: The storyline illustrates the timeline from the time a patient undergoes transplant through the 1st several days of 3D (ABT\450/ritonavir 150/100 mg once daily, ombitasvir 25 mg once daily, and dasabuvir 400?mg twice daily) treatment. (informationalwebs.com)
Patients6
  • During 1986, Syed Zaki Salahuddin, Dharam Ablashi, and Robert Gallo cultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS and lymphoproliferative illnesses. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 , 4 ] The exception to this is in immunocompromised patients with HHV-6 encephalitis, in whom the recommendation for treatment is strong. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 3 ] HHV-6 was isolated in 1986 during attempts to find novel viruses in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Infection is typically self-limited in children, but HHV-6 encephalitis can occur in immunocompromised patients and is the most feared complication of HHV-6 disease. (medscape.com)
  • More specifically, in patients with encephalitis who have CSF leukocytosis, detection of HHV-6 DNA via PCR (provided the method is sensitive enough) will always occur, complicating differentiation of true disease from ciHHV6 DNA detected in white blood cells of the CSF. (medscape.com)
  • Human herpes virus type 6 (HCV-6) was first identified relatively recently, in 1986, in the blood of HIV-infected patients. (lab24.pl)
Prevention1
  • This report updates the 2010 recommendations from the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention of Japanese encephalitis (JE) among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers (Fischer M, Lindsey N, Staples JE, Hills S. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (cdc.gov)
Infections3
  • Cases were caused by infections from transplant-transmitted pathogens: West Nile virus, rabies virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Balamuthia mandrillaris amebae. (cdc.gov)
  • These cases can present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and highlight the need to increase awareness among transplant clinicians regarding the necessity for prompt recognition and treatment of transplant-transmitted infections. (cdc.gov)
  • HSV-1 causes gingivostomatitis, intense pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and occasionally encephalitis in infants and children during their primary infections. (nomedicalcare.com)
Complications1
Infection1
Referral1
  • ESRD patient's current transplant referral status. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory1
  • [ 4 , 6 ] Chromosomally integrated HHV-6 has the potential to further complicate a clinician's ability to interpret laboratory testing, particularly when attempting to diagnose HHV-6 encephalitis. (medscape.com)
Date2
  • Date of patient's last transplant. (cdc.gov)
  • Date of patient's first ever dialysis or transplant. (cdc.gov)
Cancer1
  • Primary interests include clinical trials design and the design and analysis of biomarker and imaging studies especially in the areas of GI cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, transplant and cancer immunotherapy. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Treatment1
  • In the transplant population, antigen assays or PCR is used (sometimes in conjunction with cytopathology) for diagnosis and treatment determinations. (medscape.com)
Virus1
  • Actualización sobre el virus la influenza aviar A (H5N1) en los seres humanos. (cdc.gov)
Viral encephalitis4
  • The most important infection to exclude in the differential diagnoses of West Nile encephalitis (WNE) is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, because it is the only viral encephalitis that can be treated pharmacologically, and early appropriate intervention will benefit the patient. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of WNE is not unlike other causes of arthropod-borne viral encephalitis (eg, Japanese encephalitis, equine encephalitis), including mental confusion, stupor, or coma. (medscape.com)
  • However, the clinical presentation of arthropod-borne viral encephalitis is characterized by rapid onset and severe headache. (medscape.com)
  • Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis has some distinctive features that indicate a presumptive clinical diagnosis (as seen in the charts below). (medscape.com)
Pneumonia3
  • Severe disseminated disease, with the development of varicella pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitis, and hemorrhagic complications, is much more common in this population than in other populations. (medscape.com)
  • Measles: Measles is a highly contagious disease that can cause serious complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis. (athleticult.com)
  • Death results from a rare form of stroke , myocarditis , encephalitis , or pneumonia . (perfecthealthdiet.com)
Recipient3
  • The signs and symptoms of donor-derived infections can be obscured by co-existing conditions in the transplant recipient, or they can appear more abruptly than in natural infection because of a higher inoculum of organisms and immunosuppression in the transplant recipient. (cdc.gov)
  • Photomicrographs showing histopathologic features and immunolocalization of West Nile virus antigens in central nervous system tissue from a kidney transplant recipient with transplant-transmitted West Nile virus infection. (nih.gov)
  • Only one case of reactivation of chromosomally integrated HHV-6A has been documented to cause HHV-6 encephalitis in an allogeneic HSCT recipient. (medscape.com)
Meningitis2
Severe1
  • Cases that prove to be symptomatic may produce symptoms that range from a mild febrile illness to a severe lethal encephalitis. (medscape.com)
Cultivated peripheral blood1
  • During 1986, Syed Zaki Salahuddin, Dharam Ablashi, and Robert Gallo cultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS and lymphoproliferative illnesses. (wikipedia.org)
20211
  • La información en esta página debería ser considerada como ejemplos de información de antecedentes para la temporada de influenza 2021-2022 para la práctica médica respecto del uso de medicamentos antivirales contra la influenza. (cdc.gov)
Clinical2
Neurologic1
  • The signs and symptoms of encephalitis vary, depending on the region of the brain involved, but most cases are characterized by global cerebral dysfunction or focal neurologic deficits ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Diagnostic1
  • These cases can present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and highlight the need to increase awareness among transplant clinicians regarding the necessity for prompt recognition and treatment of transplant-transmitted infections. (cdc.gov)
Stem1
  • Current humanized mouse models mostly transplant human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in the production of a variety of human immune cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Disease1
Common1
Cases1
  • Cases were caused by infections from transplant-transmitted pathogens: West Nile virus, rabies virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Balamuthia mandrillaris amebae. (cdc.gov)
Current1
  • ESRD patient's current transplant referral status. (cdc.gov)
People1
  • My most cherished memory of Hans is as a capacity or another since Hans first drew a group of person who, although blind, had a clear vision of what people together in 1986. (nih.gov)
Research2
  • Psychiatry Research, 18:65-87, 1986). (nih.gov)
  • One promising area for HHV research is the use of humanized mouse models, in which human cells or tissues are transplanted into immunodeficient mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)