Transmembrane membranes artificial. Medical search. Frequent questions

The plasma membranes are composed of various different constituents, but among all, membrane proteins are unanimously accepted as one of the major structural and functional pillars of the plasma membranes by the scientific community. (uni-goettingen.de)
In course of scientific research, malfunctioning of the membrane proteins have been found to be responsible for serious diseases. (uni-goettingen.de)
This PhD scholarship is in the applications of Artificial Intelligence to membrane proteins. (ischolarshipgrants.com)
The proposed new work will aim to create and build a new Artificial Intelligence tool to predict and analyze transmembrane proteins and signal peptides. (ischolarshipgrants.com)
Proteins, either secreted from the cell or embedded in the plasma membrane to monitor the environment, transmit much of this information. (ucsd.edu)
Stringent quality control is imposed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane-bound labyrinth of tubes and sacs, where virtually all plasma membrane and secreted proteins begin their journey to the surface. (ucsd.edu)
The molecular gatekeepers of the UPR are ER-resident transmembrane proteins with luminal domains that monitor the quality of protein folding in the ER coupled across the ER membrane to cytosolic effector domains that transmit that information to the rest of the cell. (ucsd.edu)
Cannabinoid receptors (CB) are cell membrane layer healthy proteins that belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. (dakotta.live)
The particular type of intermediate filaments attached tothe desmosomes depends on the cell type: they are keratin filaments in mostepithelial cells, for example, and desmin filaments in heart muscle cells.The junction hasa dense cytoplasmic plaque composed of a complex of intracellular anchorproteins (plakoglobin and desmoplakin) that are responsible for connecting thecytoskeleton to the transmembrane adhesion proteins. (ostatic.com)
The transmembrane adhesion proteins in these cell-matrixjunctions are integrins a large family of proteins distinct from the cadherins.Focal adhesions enable cells to get a hold on the extracellular matrix through integrins that link intracellularly to actin filaments. (ostatic.com)
This approach uses thousands of artificial proteins called "traptamers" and may help to answer research questions that are difficult to address with other cell screening methods, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, COVID-19. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
Traptamers are extremely short proteins designed to bind to transmembrane proteins-proteins that span cell membranes and play critical roles in many cell processes. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
In traptamer screening, researchers first generate many versions of the artificial proteins, each one being unique. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
The scientists then screen these artificial proteins for activity in a large number of cells. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
Over the years, DiMaio and his collaborators have isolated traptamers tailored for specific transmembrane proteins that are crucial to cellular function, such as infection by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
In our studies on neurotransmitter metabolism we have focused our efforts on transporters, a functional class of proteins that move neurotransmitters and other small molecules across membranes in cells. (stanford.edu)
Built YchM deletion exhibited artificial lethality with multiple fatty acidity biosynthesis genes, as well as the YchM polypeptide bodily interacted numerous proteins from the fatty acidity biosynthetic pathway. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Lipid bilayers and embedded membrane proteins that anchor or span the lipidic leaflets are the fundamental molecular assemblies that constitute cellular membranes in all living organisms. (nature.com)
For the structural and mechanistic characterization of membrane proteins, the scientific community currently relies on detergents to solubilize and purify membrane protein as protein-detergent micelle complexes that then can be investigated through a plethora of biochemical and biophysical approaches. (nature.com)
In addition, to mimic the native lipid bilayer environment and generate a barrier that separates milieus of different solute compositions, membrane proteins can be reconstituted in artificial lipid bilayer vesicles of controlled size, called proteoliposomes, which allow investigating molecular processes like cargo translocation and generation of electrochemical gradients across the bilayer. (nature.com)
Although these approaches are desirable, stability issues related to the intrinsic hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins and the lability of interactions between protein, detergent, or lipids within micelles and unilamellar liposomes limit the widespread application of these systems. (nature.com)
Compounds and methods to target transmembrane domain of membrane proteins (e.g. (rpi.edu)
The ank gene product is one of several cell membrane proteins, including ectonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, that regulate extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels and thereby regulate mineralization. (biomedcentral.com)
Induction of membrane proliferation by poliovirus proteins 2C and 2BC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane oligomeric proteins that mediate interconversions between open and closed channel states under the control of neurotransmitters. (unige.ch)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)
This new approach has been shown to preserve mobility and enzymatic activity of transmembrane proteins in the resulting nSLB. (lu.se)

Biological ion channels are protein-based pores capable of regulating ion transport in living cells in response to external stimuli, leading to the ultra-selective transmembrane move of specific ions (e.g. (nature.com)
So, it has been of great scientific interest to design and develop artificial transmembrane protein domains that are able to address the shortcomings of the natural ones. (uni-goettingen.de)
Understanding the molecular forces and other physico-chemical processes behind the folding conformation and transmembrane dynamics of these protein domains are an integral part in the process of developing updated synthetic transmembrane protein domains. (uni-goettingen.de)
Rhodopsin is a membrane protein specifically expressed by photoreceptor neurons in the eye. (ucsd.edu)
Dr. Thomas modeled the membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2 and showed that it functions as a sugar transporter. (mainlinehealth.org)
The human CB1 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor subtype that pairs to the Gi healthy protein, which prevents adenylyl cyclase in the plasma membrane. (dakotta.live)
Any traptamer that binds to a cell transmembrane protein may activate or inactivate it, and thus can affect processes controlled by the protein. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
More recently, DiMaio and his team wondered if traptamers could be used as a screening tool to block a process such as HPV infection, another main line of research in his lab, without designating a specific transmembrane protein beforehand. (healthcarehygienemagazine.com)
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein N (gN/UL49.5) is a type I transmembrane protein conserved throughout the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
Gimap5 was identified as the lyp gene in the BBDP rat through a frameshift mutation and premature truncation of the Gimap5 protein [ 2 , 6 ] and can be rescued in a P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) transgenic rat [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
In one of the many discussions that we had, we realized that the stabilization of supramolecular assemblies as delicate as liposomes, membrane protein-detergent micelles, and proteoliposmes could be achieved via a biomineralization-like process through the formation of crystalline exoskeletons that would act as a shield against stressors. (nature.com)
At first, we sought to develop the biomineralization process to stabilize protein-free liposomal preparations and then systematically expanded the strategy to transmembrane protein systems and proteoliposomes. (nature.com)
A cell membrane protein, ANK, affects ePPi concentrations and the balance of mineralization in articular tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
We previously identified the function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein as an ion channel in artificial lipid bilayers and demonstrated that this in vitro activity is inhibited by amantadine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Demonstration of p7 ion channel activity in cellular membranes and its inhibition by amantadine affirm the protein as a target for future anti-viral chemotherapy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Mounting evidence suggests that the genetic disorders/mutation and diseases change not only the protein expression patterns but also membranes themselves. (lu.se)

Plasma membrane vesicles, purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning, were used to investigate the effects of Na₂SO₃ and NaNO₂ on the plasma membrane H⁺ -ATPase in vitro. (bl.uk)
Na₂SO₃ inhibited sucrose uptake into phase partition purified plasma membrane vesicles at high concentrations. (bl.uk)
The pH gradient across both membrane vesicles and artificial liposomes was dissipated only when Na₂SO₃ and NaNO₂ were present in the uptake medium. (bl.uk)
We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)

A theory involving the lipid membrane, called "force from lipid", is thought to directly open ion channels. (wikipedia.org)

Cannabinoids are particles located in the human brain that interact with specific receptors on cell membranes. (dakotta.live)
The receptors consist of 7 transmembrane-spanning domains and are activated by one of three courses of ligands: endocannabinoids generated by the mammillary system, plant cannabinoids, and also synthetic cannabinoids. (dakotta.live)
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) can pass through αHL, a biological nanopore, incorporated in bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), whereas double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cannot. (elsevierpure.com)
The Na + selectivity of the artificial sodium-selective ionic device reached 15 against K + , which is comparable to the biological counterpart, 523 against Ca 2 + , which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the biological one, and 1128 against Mg 2 + . (tcdb.org)
In earlier essays (see here and here ) I identified approaches to the synthesis of non-biological functional equivalents of neuronal components (i.e. ion-channels ion-pumps and membrane sections) and their sectional integration with the existing biological neuron - a sort of "physical" emulation if you will. (lifeboat.com)
The field has been active since the 1970s, with experimental successes in the incorporation of functioning synthetic ion channels into biological bilipid membranes and artificial membranes dissimilar in molecular composition and structure to biological analogues underlying supramolecular interactions, ion selectivity and permeability throughout the 1980's, 1990's and 2000's. (lifeboat.com)
Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics, AMPs frequently destabilize biological membranes, form transmembrane channels and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent years have seen strong research efforts on the lipid component of biological membranes. (lu.se)
In my talk, I will show you some examples how such biological cues influence the dynamic properties of membranes. (lu.se)

2023). Crown Ether-Based Ion Transporters in Bilayer Membranes. (tcdb.org)
On the other end, our laboratory focuses on characterizing the mechanism of substrate transport of various classes of transmembrane metal transporters that catalyze the translocation of essential and toxic transition metals across the membranes. (nature.com)
We selected two transmembrane metal transporters investigated in my laboratory (a primary active Cu(I) P-type ATPase pump, CopA, and a ferrous iron solute carrier-like transporter, IroT) as a proof of principle to showcase the potential generalizability of the approach. (nature.com)

Lysosomes are membrane bound acidic intracellular organelles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that normally function as recycling centers within cells by breaking down damaged cellular macromolecules. (stanford.edu)
The intracellular localization of p7 was unaffected by this mutation and was found to overlap significantly with membranes associated with mitochondria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Consequently, within this framework, the phase signal will be predominantly sensitive to any mechanism modifying the concentration of intracellular compounds, including transmembrane water movements, which accompany various ionic fluxes. (jneurosci.org)

There is a resemblance to liposome to plasmalemma and the microscope picture served as first real evidence for cell membrane being a bilayer lipid structure. (ijpsr.com)

Therefore, one of the major objectives of this thesis is to shed light on any possible role of helical macro-dipole moment in transmembrane insertion and spanning as well as in cellular uptake via indirect experiments. (uni-goettingen.de)
It is important to systematically combine multiple endpoints, such as membrane integrity and cell death mechanism, to gain insight into the potential pathways involved in cellular toxicity. (nature.com)
I argue here that the very technologies and techniques that constitute the field (Synthetic Ion-Channels & Ion-Channel/Membrane Reconstitution) can be used towards the purpose of the indefinite-longevity and life-extension through the iterative replacement of cellular constituents (particularly the components comprising our neurons - ion-channels, ion-pumps, sections of bi-lipid membrane, etc.) so as to negate the molecular degradation they would have otherwise eventually undergone. (lifeboat.com)
The passive diffusion or active transport of water through the plasma membrane is associated with several cellular processes. (jneurosci.org)

K2p: PA directly activates TREK-1 potassium channels through a putative site in the transmembrane domain. (wikipedia.org)
Open up in another window Physique 2 Structural topology style of SLC26 polypeptides displaying the brief cytoplasmic N-terminal area accompanied by a transmembrane domain name with 12 putative membrane-spanning -helices, as well as the C-terminal cytoplasmic area, largely composed of the STAS domain name. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Other advantages such as lower price, chemical stability, and easier modification also make CE a research hotspot in the field of synthetic transmembrane nanopores. (tcdb.org)

As the next step, transmembrane insertion of the peptides would be checked by hydrophobic micro-environment sensitive Trp-fluorescence spectroscopy. (uni-goettingen.de)
It is well known that above a threshold value of negative hydrophobic mismatch, transmembrane insertion is not feasible. (uni-goettingen.de)
Therefore, a gradual increased concentration of EtOH would be used for the different peptides and the minimum threshold concentration of EtOH required for each peptides for the same lipid with similar negative hydrophobic mismatch would carefully be monitored to have a quantitative estimation on the minimum compensation of negative mismatch required for successful transmembrane insertion with the help of Trp-fluorescence spectroscopy. (uni-goettingen.de)

PIP2 is a cell membrane lipid, and its role in gating ion channels represents a novel role for the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
An accurate modeling of membrane-solution drug partitioning is also fundamental when designing drug delivery systems for poorly endocytic cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs), in which the delivered payloads rely mostly on the passive diffusion of drug molecules across the cell membrane. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Plasma membranes are considered as the primary regulatory unit essential for efficient functioning of a cell. (uni-goettingen.de)
These membranes separate the inner part of the cell from the extracellular world as well as acts as a barrier selectively regulating the passage across it. (uni-goettingen.de)
This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals. (nature.com)
As cell membranes are both dynamic and compositionally complex, replicating these aspects in a model membrane are essential. (lu.se)

They interact through their extracellular domains to hold theadjacent plasma membranes together.The importance of desmosome junctions is demonstrated by some forms of thepotentially fatal skin disease pemphigus. (ostatic.com)
Exit of gN from the endoplasmic reticulum requires the N-terminal core of gM composed of eight transmembrane domains but is independent of the C-terminal extension of gM. (mdpi.com)
Some C-terminal regions are consistent with transmembrane domains as in the case of Gimap1 and Gimap5, while others, as in Gimap9 and Gimap4, predict coiled coil domains [ 3 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Classically the lipids are membrane resident anionic signaling lipids that bind to the transmembrane domain on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with properties of a classic ligand. (wikipedia.org)

Besides all other important parameters, the helical macro-dipole moment of peptides is thought to have significant role in transmembrane insertion and spanning. (uni-goettingen.de)
The idea is to locate and synthesize a type of β-peptide that has almost no overall helical macro-dipole moment and perform transmembrane insertion studies with the β-peptides with and without helical macro-dipole keeping all other parameters constant. (uni-goettingen.de)
Therefore, different types of β-peptides including 14-, 12- and alternate 10/12-helical peptides with comparable transmembrane length and sequence are planned to be synthesized by mixing different synthetic strategies, such as, microwave-assisted manual SPPS, non-microwave-assisted manual SPPS, and fluorous-tag-attached liquid phase peptide synthesis. (uni-goettingen.de)

In case, they exhibit any differential ability for membrane insertion, it would experimentally indicate the role of helical macro-dipole in the respective physico-chemical phenomenon. (uni-goettingen.de)

Site-directed mutagenesis of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor β 2 subunit has demonstrated that conversion of a conserved glycine residue located at the entrance to the first transmembrane domain into the homologous ρ 1 residue phenylalanine alters the modulating effects of four different i.v. anesthetics: pentobarbital, alphaxalone, etomidate, and propofol. (aspetjournals.org)

In terms of future developments, the analysis presented here provides a physical basis for constructing more biologically realistic models of synaptic modulation that may be applied to artificial neural networks. (unige.ch)

Herein, inspired by K + channel of streptomyces A (KcsA K + ), we have constructed cation sieving membranes using MXene nanosheets and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) molecules as building blocks. (nature.com)
Numerous negatively charged oxygen atoms of EDTA molecules and 6.0 Å two-dimensional (2D) sub-nanochannel of MXene nanosheets enable biomimetic channel size, chemical groups and tunable charge density for the resulting membranes. (nature.com)
Inspired by KcsA K + channel with size of ~5.6 Å and homogenous distribution of carbonyl oxygens, herein, MXene nanosheets and EDTA molecules are used as building blocks to construct artificial ion channel membranes with the right channel size, similar binding sites, and tunable charge density (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
The distribution of these molecules in phase-separated membranes consisting of DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol was studied by fluorescence microscopy. (rsc.org)
Likewise,when cultured fibroblasts migrate on an artificial substratum coated withextracellular matrix molecules, they also grip the substratum at focaladhesions, where bundles of actin filaments terminate. (ostatic.com)

Lipid-gated ion channels are a class of ion channels whose conductance of ions through the membrane depends directly on lipids. (wikipedia.org)
Our findings provide a theoretical basis for ions transport in sub-nanochannels and an alternative strategy for design ions separation membranes. (nature.com)
Moreover, the transport and separation mechanisms of ions within sub-nanochannels modulated by local charge density remains elusive and an effective strategy to fabricate high-efficiency mono-/divalent ions selective membranes is yet to be developed. (nature.com)
Crown ethers (CEs) are widely studied in the area of artificial ion channels owing to their intrinsic host-guest interaction with different kinds of organic and inorganic ions. (tcdb.org)

And numerous CEs-based membrane-active synthetic ion channels were designed and fabricated in the past. (tcdb.org)

The effects of O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on aspects of solute transport across the plasma membrane of R.communis var. (bl.uk)

These endpoints can include membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, proliferation, and apoptosis versus necrosis. (nature.com)

Both GIMAP4 and GIMAP7 from human Jurkat cells [ 3 ] localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus while mouse Gimap3 from murine IL-3-dependent 32D myeloid precursor cells was expressed at the outer mitochondrial membrane [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
into outer membrane sulfolipid is usually vital that you pathogenicity (Hatzios and Bertozzi, 2011), but complementation with Rv1739c didn't suffice to save Thus42? (exposed-skin-care.net)

When an enzyme forms a complex with a channel it is thought to produce ligand near the channel in concentrations that are higher than the ligand in bulk membranes. (wikipedia.org)

however, due to theoretical calculations of lipids diffusion in a membrane, the ligand was thought to diffuse away much to fast to activate a channel. (wikipedia.org)

Channels can also respond to membrane thickness. (wikipedia.org)
An amphipathic helix that runs along the inner membrane of TREK-1 channels is thought to sense changes in membrane thickness and gate the channel. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, short-chain alcohols, like ethanol, is known to possess a pronounced effect in reducing the lipid membrane thickness by interdigitating the acyl chains. (uni-goettingen.de)

The effects of O₃ and SO₂ on the plasma membrane H⁺ -ATPase in vivo was determined using a KI-treated microsomal fraction. (bl.uk)

Several experimental models have been proposed so far to predict the partitioning of polyprotic basic/acid drugs in artificial membranes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We present here a novel experimental approach based on mathematical modeling of drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) data in liposomal systems by which microspecies-specific partition coefficients are reported as a function of pH and phospholipid compositions replicating the RBC membrane in a simple and highly translatable manner. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)

The lipid binds in a well-defined ligand binding site in the transmembrane domain and causes the helices to splay opening the channel. (wikipedia.org)
For TRPV5, binding of PIP2 to a site in the transmembrane domain caused a conformational change that appeared to open the conduction pathway, suggesting the channel is classically lipid-gated. (wikipedia.org)

Membranes with high ion permeability and selectivity are of considerable interest for sustainable water treatment, resource extraction and energy storage. (nature.com)
The membranes show the capability to recognize monovalent/divalent cations, achieving excellent K + /Mg 2+ selectivity of 121.2 using mixed salt solution as the feed, which outperforms other reported membranes under similar testing conditions and transcends the current upper limit. (nature.com)

Depletion of PA shifted the Vmid -40 mV near resting membrane potential which could open the channel absent a change in voltage suggesting these channels may also be lipid-gated. (wikipedia.org)
A specialized set of mechanosensitive ion channels is gated by lipid deformation in the membrane in response to mechanical force. (wikipedia.org)
It has only recently come to my attention that there is an existing field emerging from supramolecular and bio-organic chemistry centered around the design, synthesis, and incorporation/integration of both synthetic/artificial ion channels and artificial bilipid membranes (i.e. lipid bilayer). (lifeboat.com)

Artificial solid-state ionic devices enable separation technologies. (tcdb.org)
reported an artificial sodium-selective ionic device, built on synthesized porous crown-ether crystals which consist of densely packed 0.26-nm-wide pores. (tcdb.org)
2021). Artificial sodium-selective ionic device based on crown-ether crystals with subnanometer pores. (tcdb.org)

The conclusion of Comoglio et al was experimentally confirmed when it was shown that the dissociation constant of PA for TREK-1 is 10 micro molar, a Kd much weaker than the bulk concentration in the membrane. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we have taken advantage of the possibility of DHM to monitor transmembrane water fluxes as detected by the phase signal, to assess the activity of NKCC1 and KCC2 in response to depolarizations induced by glutamate on primary neurons in culture. (jneurosci.org)

Integration of human intelligence, cognitive computing and explainable artificial intelligence is necessary to construct a Notch‑related knowledge‑base and optimize Notch‑targeted therapy for patients with cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

These diseases are the result of a defect in transport of sialic acid across lysosomal membranes and are associated with mutations in the gene encoding the sialic acid transporter sialin. (stanford.edu)

Mutation of a conserved basic loop located between the two predicted trans -membrane alpha helices rendered HCV p7 non-functional as an ion channel. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Table 1 includes common fluorophores used to assess membrane integrity and distinguish between live and dead cells when conducting viability assays. (nature.com)

Artificial insemination experiments revealed a helpful communication in between marijuana and calcineurin inhibitors. (cdmcruiseship.com)

These physicochemical features have thus largely inspired the designing principles for current membranes aiming to achieve similar separation performance. (nature.com)

Anatomy45

Organisms11

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science5

Health Care1

Proteins32

Protein17

Vesicles4

Involving the lipid membrane1

Receptors3

Biological7

Transporters3

Intracellular3

Bilayer lipid1

Cellular4

Putative2

Nanopores1

Hydrophobic3

Cell6

Domains3

Bind1

Peptides3

Physico-chemical1

Receptor1

Neural networks1

Molecules5

Ions4

Synthetic ion channels1

Solute1

Proliferation1

Outer2

Concentrations1

Lipids1

Thickness3

Plasma1

Experimental2

Dynamics1

Domain2

Selectivity2

Channels3

Ionic3

Concentration1

Neurons1

Construct1

Transport1

Functional1

Cells1

Experiments1

Separation1