Translocation protein transport. Medical search. Frequent questions

Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. (manchester.ac.uk)
The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
Dual recognition of the ribosome and the signal recognition particle by the SRP receptor during protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)
Protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)
Structural basis for coupling protein transport and N-glycosylation at the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)
Asparagine-linked glycosylation is not directly coupled to protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (umassmed.edu)
Involved in the transport of antigens from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum for association with MHC class I molecules. (lu.se)
Expression of TAP1 is down-regulated by human Epstein-Barr virus vil-10 protein, thereby affecting the transport of peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent peptide loading by MHC class I molecules. (lu.se)

The twin-arginine translocation pathway (Tat pathway) is a protein export, or secretion pathway found in plants, bacteria, and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)

Sorting of proteins to specific compartments within mitochondria. (manchester.ac.uk)
The TIM17.23 preprotein translocase of mitochondria: composition and function in protein transport into the matrix. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria are said to exercise respiratory control as long as they can restrict electron transport by means of the gradient. (rice.edu)
Work has also progressed in the characterization of the potassium transport system of E. coli and the investigation of the giant channels of mitochondria. (europa.eu)
The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
The association of huntingtin with the cytoplasmic surface of a variety of organelles, including transport vesicles, synaptic vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria, raises the possibility of the occurrence of normal cellular interactions that might be relevant to neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)

In bacteria, the Tat translocase is found in the cytoplasmic membrane and serves to export proteins to the cell envelope, or to the extracellular space. (wikipedia.org)
In these bacteria the Tat system is made up from a single TatA and TatC component, with the TatA protein being bifunctional and fulfilling the roles of both E. coli TatA and TatB. (wikipedia.org)
The protein export is the active transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell, or to the periplasmic compartment in Gram-negative bacteria. (genome.jp)
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is another protein transport system that transports folded proteins in bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. (genome.jp)
Some surface-derived bacteria will not survive this translocation, leading to an input of necromass to the groundwater. (ufz.de)
Ben Berks is a biochemist who studies how bacteria secrete proteins across their cell envelope. (royalsociety.org)
These have included the pioneering use of single molecule fluorescence to image protein transport processes in live bacteria. (royalsociety.org)
When tight junction proteins are affected by mycotoxins more translocation of bacteria and toxins will take place, resulting in an increased immune response and a state of inflammation, also referred to as leaky gut. (allaboutfeed.net)
When mycotoxins are present in the lumen and down-regulate the expression of tight junction protein genes, these tight junctions will less be sealed and will allow more bacteria and toxins that are present in the lumen towards the lamina propria to pass through, so called translocation, resulting in decreased resistance. (allaboutfeed.net)
Decreased resistance or increased permeability, not only leads to increased translocation of bacteria, but also to nutrient leakage. (allaboutfeed.net)

A large pore is formed by transmembrane proteins. (tcdb.org)
Such interfacial processes in the vicinity of biological membranes and proton translocation within transmembrane proteins are highly relevant as microscopic foundation of cell respiration driven by the gradient of proton concentration across membranes. (europa.eu)

Tim50 is a subunit of the TIM23 complex that links protein translocation across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. (nih.gov)
If the gradient is destroyed by damaging the membranes, respiratory control is abolished and electron transport can run freely. (rice.edu)
Physiologically, the cell membranes of the body's tissues possess a variety of mechanisms through which substances on one side of a biomembrane may be selectively transported across to the other side. (weeksmd.com)
Very unusually, Tat is able to transport fully folded proteins across membranes while preventing the leak of ions and small molecules. (royalsociety.org)
Transport of small molecules across membranes. (lu.se)
Protein translocation across membranes. (lu.se)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The wires serve as both selectivity filters and translocation pathways for protons. (nature.com)
Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)

In contrast to the Sec pathway which transports proteins in an unfolded manner, the Tat pathway serves to actively translocate folded proteins across a lipid membrane bilayer. (wikipedia.org)

Measure the proportion of cells in transmitted light images expressing a fluorescently labeled recombinant protein or 2 fluorescent labels. (mediacy.com)
Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)

Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. (nih.gov)
Identification of proteins interacting with the mitochondrial small heat shock protein Hsp22 of Drosophila melanogaster: Implication in mitochondrial homeostasis. (nih.gov)
To demonstrate its versatility, we implemented and validated the assay in vitro and in vivo for the bacterial Sec system and the mitochondrial protein import apparatus. (uni-luebeck.de)

If there was no way of draining energy from the system, electron transport could not continue despite the presence of adequate substrate. (rice.edu)
C-terminal PTS1 [(SAC)-(KRH)-(LM)] and N-terminal PTS2 [(RK)-(LIV)-X 5 -(HQ)-(LA)] targeting sequences are recognized by Pex5p and Pex7p, respectively, which may shuttle with the substrate protein to the peroxisomal lumen. (tcdb.org)
The structures show that both substrate translocation and release involve movements of the bulky transport domain through the lipid bilayer. (elifesciences.org)
As the transport domain translocates into the IFS, HP2 replaces HP1 on the domains interface, while HP1 now lines an intracellular vestibule leading to the substrate-binding site ( Figure 1-figure supplement 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)

This technique allows the observation of individual kinetochore complexes and microtubule-binding proteins with single-molecule sensitivity to reveal their mode of interaction with dynamic plus-ends. (uni-due.de)

The aim of this unit is to examine the molecular mechanisms of protein sorting in eukaryotes, and will review recent data demonstrating that some of these processes are fundamental to all living cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
we would do well once again to follow the lead of physiology and take a good look at some of these intelligently contrived mechanisms of membrane transport. (weeksmd.com)
2002), nothing is known about long-term there is concern about translocation of ultrafine particles (UFP) translocation and whether clearance kinetics of ultrafine parti- from the lungs into systemic circulation and uptake in transpul- cles differ from that of larger particles, as one may expect from differing clearance mechanisms for micrometer-sized particles versus UFP. (cdc.gov)

In the most widely studied Tat pathway, that of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, these three proteins are expressed from an operon with a fourth Tat protein, TatD, which is not required for Tat function. (wikipedia.org)
Interaction of the TolB box of Group A colicins with the TolB protein in the periplasm of Escherichia coli cells promotes transport of the cytotoxic domain of the colicin across the cell envelope. (rcsb.org)
The method harnesses the intrinsic intracellular folding quality control mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway to display an scFv library on the E. coli inner membrane. (jove.com)

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an important decoder of Ca(2+) signals and mediator of synaptic plasticity. (nih.gov)
Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
This latter effect was due to protein kinase C activation in that it was inhibited by sphingosine and was not seen with 4 alpha-PMA, an inactive analogue. (jci.org)
In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven disease. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In addition, we confirmed that H2O2 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. (spandidos-publications.com)

2011) addresses two of these aspects, the translocation of soluble proteins into the peroxisomal matrix and the biogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane. (tcdb.org)
Most peroxisomal membrane proteins do not have PTS1 or PTS2, and insertion requires several peroxins distinct from those required for import of soluble matrix proteins. (tcdb.org)
The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)

Bioenergetics: Protein Structure, Kinetics, and. (hhmi.org)
Caveolae, referring to the 50-100 nm sized, flask-shaped, and non-clathrin-coated invaginations of the plasma membrane, regulates the kinetics of vesicle transport. (springer.com)

There are insulin receptors on the capillary endothelial cells making up the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and it is proposed that these may play a role, along with exogenously administered insulin, in enhancing the transport of drug molecules across the BBB. (weeksmd.com)
Hyperpermeability, the increased transport of large molecules including AGE and lipoproteins to the subendothelial space is the early response of ECs to insults such as hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia (Simionescu 2007 ). (springer.com)
Caveolae-mediated permeability plays a major role in the transport of large molecules across endothelium (Komarova and Malik 2010 ). (springer.com)
We hope not only to provide a mechanistic understanding of this process but also to explore more generally the type of features that allow translocation of molecules along microtubules. (uni-due.de)
The proton-conducting pathway of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) contains at University, PO Box 124 least nine internal water molecules that are thought to be key players in SE-22100 Lund, Sweden the proton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)
From the MRD data, the rotational correlation time of detergent-solubilized BR was determined to 35 ns at 300 K, con- sistent with a monomeric protein in complex with about 150 detergent molecules. (lu.se)
While the locations and inferred H-bond connec- water molecules in a membrane protein, despite tivities of these internal water molecules are essen- being deeply buried and extensively H-bonded to tial, one would also like to quantify their mobility. (lu.se)

These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)

Overall, this technology represents a major step forward, providing a powerful new tool for fundamental mechanistic enquiry of protein translocation and for inhibitor (drug) screening, with an intensity and rigor unattainable through classical methods. (uni-luebeck.de)
Many mechanistic features and protein constituents are still ill defined. (tcdb.org)

We have characterized an AMP-mediated activation of AMPK that facilitates the translocation of GLUT3 to the neuronal cell surface after excitation. (jneurosci.org)
[ 7 ] More recent data from striatal neuronal cultures transfected with mutant huntingtin and transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1) gene (another CAG repeat disorder) suggest that NIIs may not be necessary or sufficient to cause neuronal cell death, but translocation into the nucleus is sufficient to cause neuronal cell death. (medscape.com)

Over two dozen proteins involved in protein import and membrane insertion, peroxins, encoded by PEX genes, have been characterized. (tcdb.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Here, we report on a SRL model for identifying the semantic roles of biomedical predicates describing protein transport in GeneRIFs - manually curated sentences focusing on gene functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, complex protein and gene expression blood analysis can help in development of biomarkers for application in human screening of nanoparticle exposure. (cdc.gov)
The MYH11 gene provides instructions for making a protein called smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11. (medlineplus.gov)
Each myosin protein complex consists of two pairs of light chains, which regulate the complex and are produced from several other genes, and two heavy chains such as that produced from the MYH11 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the normal CBFB gene interacts with another protein called RUNX1 to form a complex called core binding factor (CBF). (medlineplus.gov)
Alternatively, the MYH11 portion of the fusion protein may interact with other proteins that prevent the complex from controlling gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)

The translocation channel is formed from a conserved trimeric membrane protein complex, called the Sec61/SecY complex. (genome.jp)
Translocation of proteins through the Sec61 and SecYEG channels. (umassmed.edu)

2010 ). Results from cav-1 (caveolin-1, the key structural protein of caveolae)-deficient mice indicated that cav-1 in endothelium is essential in the translocation of LDL-derived cholesterol into the vessel wall and in the development of atherosclerosis, and this result was further confirmed in apoE-/- mice (Fernandez-Hernando et al. (springer.com)
Therefore, we hypothesize that PLZF nuclear translocation protects vascular endothelium cells from AGE-induced injury in vivo and in vitro. (tmu.edu.tw)
5. Evaluate protective effect of PLZF nuclear translocation on vascular endothelium in diabetic mice. (tmu.edu.tw)

An engineered nanopore translocates untagged full-length proteins by electroosmotic force. (nature.com)

In general, predicate argument structures characterize how different proteins and cellular components participate in biological events, and thus form the basis for understanding the text. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)

Colicin and phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) uptake (translocation) studies have allowed, several characteristics to be clearly defined, including the participation of Tol proteins. (europa.eu)
We followed the uptake of 13 C-labeled necromass by the bacterial and eukaryotic groundwater community quantitatively and over time using a complementary protein-stable and DNA-stable isotope probing approach. (ufz.de)
Their proteomes comprised various proteins for uptake and transport functions and amino acid metabolization. (ufz.de)

Measure either the total cellular area of transport of a fluorescently labeled target protein between fluorescently labeled nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments or just the area above threshold. (mediacy.com)
Intrinsically disordered regions in Pex13 and Pex5 resemble those found in nuclear pore complex proteins. (tcdb.org)
Promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is a nuclear transcription factor and linked to tumor suppression. (tmu.edu.tw)
Recently, we found low-temperature FIR irradiation induced the nuclear translocation of PLZF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which upregulated PI3Ks to activate Akt and eNOS. (tmu.edu.tw)
In this project, we will evaluate the influence of PLZF nuclear translocation on AGE-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses in HUVECs. (tmu.edu.tw)
Treated cells are exposed to low-temperature FIR to induce PLZF nuclear translocation. (tmu.edu.tw)
2. Study the connection between PLZF nuclear translocation and autophagy in HUVECs. (tmu.edu.tw)
4. Investigate the influence of PLZF nuclear translocation on the RAGE-mediated signaling pathway in HUVECs. (tmu.edu.tw)
Artificially colored electron micrographs of HSV-1 at the cell membrane (a), in transport to the nucleus (b), and bound at a nuclear pore complex (NPC) embedded within the nuclear envelope (c). (lu.se)

Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were also used to determine apoptosis and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

Organelle Biogenesis and Protein Translocation. (hhmi.org)

We explored whether LPL affects (a) lipoprotein transport across bovine aortic endothelial cells or (b) lipoprotein binding to subendothelial cell matrix (retention). (jci.org)

Single Cik1-Kar3 Kinesin-14 motor proteins (red) moving along taxol-stabilized microtubules (blue), visualized by TIRF microscopy. (uni-due.de)

In this study, we narrowed the translocation timing to prophase and prometaphase, and elucidated its molecular mechanism. (biologists.com)
Fig. 4: Proposed mechanism of inward proton transport by Bc XeR. (nature.com)
Spectroscopic characteristics of Rubricoccus marinus xenorhodopsin (RmXeR) and a putative model for its inward H + transport mechanism. (nature.com)
As a result, electrolyte chemistry and applied voltage are critical for protein transport and impact, for example, capture rate ( C R ), transport mechanism ( i.e. , electrophoresis, electroosmosis or diffusion), and 3D conformation ( e.g. , chaotropic vs. kosmotropic effects). (rsc.org)
Our results show that at least seven, and ton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)

Gushchin, I. & Gordeliy, V. in Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function (eds. (nature.com)
The peroxisomal protein import machinery, which shares similarities with chloroplasts, is unique in transporting folded and large (up to 10 nm in diameter) protein complexes into peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)
New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
The kinetochore is a complex macromolecular machine that hierarchically assembles from a set of conserved multi-protein complexes ( Figure 1 ). (uni-due.de)

The crystal structure of a complex between a 107-residue peptide (TA(1-107)) of the translocation domain of colicin A (ColA) and TolB identified the TolB box as a 12-residue peptide that folded into a distorted hairpin within a central canyon of the beta-propeller domain of TolB. (rcsb.org)

This compartmental organisation demands that newly synthesised proteins are accurately and efficiently targeted to their appropriate sub-cellular locations. (manchester.ac.uk)
We collected a set of 837 GeneRIFs describing movements of proteins between cellular components, whose predicates were annotated for the semantic roles AGENT, PATIENT, ORIGIN and DESTINATION. (biomedcentral.com)

The name of the Tat pathway relates to a highly conserved twin-arginine leader motif (S/TRRXFLK) which is found in the N terminal Signal peptide of the corresponding passenger proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The signal peptide is removed by a signal peptidase after release of the transported protein from the Tat complex. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibited by the covalent attachment of herpes simplex virus ICP47 protein, which blocks the peptide-binding site of TAP. (lu.se)
Inhibited by human cytomegalovirus US6 glycoprotein, which binds to the lumenal side of the TAP complex and inhibits peptide translocation by specifically blocking ATP-binding to TAP1 and prevents the conformational rearrangement of TAP induced by peptide binding. (lu.se)
All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)

When the amount of energy required to push protons reaches 69.5 kJ/mole, electron transport has to stop. (rice.edu)

abstract = "Protein translocation is a fundamental process in biology. (uni-luebeck.de)

While crease in ultrafine particles is associated with adverse cardio- there are conflicting reports about short-term translocation and vascular effects (Wichmann et al. (cdc.gov)

These studies collectively provide what appears to be a nearly complete picture of the structural changes that underlie transport. (elifesciences.org)

A set of twenty-five thioxanthene-9-one and xanthene-9-one derivatives, that were previously shown to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and amyloid β (Aβ40) aggregation, were evaluated for the inhibition of tau protein aggregation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Predicted to enable protein transmembrane transporter activity. (nih.gov)
More recently he has identified and characterized the protein transporter of the Type IX Secretion System involved in protein export by dental pathogens. (royalsociety.org)

Proton transport is indispensable for cell life. (nature.com)
The proposed nonadiabatic approach to vibrational dynamics fully accounts for the strong impact of the fluctuating environment and will facilitate a concise theoretical descriptions of proton solvation structure, dynamics and transport within the confinement imposed by proton transport channel proteins. (europa.eu)

Some 700 approved therapies in the United States - roughly a third of all drugs on the market - target G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (nature.com)
We have solved the crystal structure of the interface between Ndc80 and the histone-fold protein Cnn1 and we are further investigating how the cell employs different Ndc80 receptors to promote chromosome segregation. (uni-due.de)
Injected intravenously into adult Xenopus females, the protein-DNA complex is rapidly transported through the bloodstream and, within the ovary, the vitellogenin ligand present in the protein binds to the receptors at the surface of the oocytes. (biologists.com)

Finally, we have basic theory projects relating to the experimental work just described, as well as in transport and structure in complex colloidal or zeolite systems, protein dynamics, and fundamental issues in quantum and statistical mechanics. (mcgill.ca)
Just for the sake of understanding the principles, let Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase complex), embedded in an intact inner membrane, be the only component of an experimental electron transport system. (rice.edu)
The electron transport system is just a structure, complex as it is. (rice.edu)
Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 forms part of a myosin protein complex found in smooth muscles. (medlineplus.gov)

The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
Based on ambient ultrafine particle research, it is predicted that nanosized particles may have deeper pulmonary deposition, higher biological activity, and a tendency for extrapulmonary translocation compared to larger particles. (cdc.gov)

Thick filaments made of myosin, along with thin filaments of another protein called actin, are the primary components of muscle fibers and are important for muscle tensing (contraction). (medlineplus.gov)

Many Tat systems comprise three functionally different membrane proteins, TatA, TatB, and TatC, but TatA and TatE seem to have overlapping functions, with TatA having by far the more important role. (genome.jp)

In plants, the Tat translocase is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, where it acts to export proteins into the thylakoid lumen. (wikipedia.org)
Enterocytes contain different surface proteins, such as efflux proteins that are responsible for pumping toxins back to the lumen or tight junction proteins that are responsible for gluing enterocytes together. (allaboutfeed.net)

The hormone insulin is recognized as having actions that affect the trans-membrane transport of different substances, particularly glucose, into numerous different kinds of cells. (weeksmd.com)
Apart from the membrane transport of glucose, insulin also regulates the transport of some amino acids, some fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and certain other monosaccharides. (weeksmd.com)

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)

The sec dependent pathway is the general protein export system that transports newly synthesized proteins into or across the cell membrane. (genome.jp)
The newly developed oocyte shuttle protein contains a streptavidin moiety that tightly binds biotinylated DNA. (biologists.com)

The efficiency of electron transport can be represented by the standard reduction potential difference , namely the voltage generated by a redox reaction under standard biochemical conditions. (rice.edu)
In fact, the second law of thermodynamics requires that electron transport stop before the gradient builds up to that point. (rice.edu)
However, a mitochondrion is always in a steady state of respiration, in which the energy lost by processes that dissipate the gradient is constantly replaced by electron transport. (rice.edu)
The limitation placed on electron transport by the chemisosmotic gradient is termed respiratory control . (rice.edu)
Electron transport is driven by the free energy that is available from the energy carriers, in turn obtained from substrates such as glutamate or Krebs intermediates. (rice.edu)
The only way electron transport can proceed is to the extent that the energy in the gradient is dissipated. (rice.edu)
That is, electron transport keeps up with the utilization of the energy stored in the gradient. (rice.edu)
What drives electron transport? (rice.edu)
Electron transport is driven by the increasing affinities of successive carriers for electrons, and by the availability of substrates to provide electrons and free energy. (rice.edu)
It is restricted by the chemiosmotic gradient - electron transport can only go as fast as energy is lost from the gradient. (rice.edu)
Anything that increases turnover of energy from the gradient increases the rate of electron transport proportionally. (rice.edu)
The electron transport system applies constant 'pressure,' holding the gradient at a constant level. (rice.edu)
We compared in silico reconstructed MRO proteomes of eight species (six genera) and found that the common ancestor of Archamoebae possessed very few typical components of the protein translocation machinery, electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle. (lu.se)

Further biochemical characterisation of the channels will be carried out using a traditional isolation approach involving solubilization and reconstitution of protein fractions (the most convenient functional assay being provided by the planar bilayer technique), leading to a study of the molecular biology of the channels. (europa.eu)

Ben is a co-discoverer of the bacterial Tat (twin-arginine translocation) system. (royalsociety.org)
Tat is now known to be the second most widely distributed protein transport system in biology and is essential for the virulence of bacterial pathogens and for plant photosynthesis. (royalsociety.org)

Compound 20 showed outstanding biological data, inhibiting tau protein and Aβ40 aggregation with IC50 = 1.8 and 1.3 μM, respectively. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Furthermore, biological and physical simplicity relative to other biological systems have made viruses an attractive physical model system to study fundamental prosperities of DNA compaction and translocation as well as protein self-assembly using viral capsids. (lu.se)

In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)

By using fixed charges to engineer a strong electroosmotic flow, we achieve the unidirectional transport of natural polypeptides across nanopores. (nature.com)
Unlike in KCl, where events were purely electrophoretic, the transport in LiCl transitioned from electrophoretic to electroosmotic with decreasing salt concentration while intermediate concentrations ( i.e. , 2 M and 2.5 M) were influenced by diffusion. (rsc.org)

Scrutinization of the conventional excluded volume model revealed its shortcomings in capturing surface contributions and a new model was then developed to fit the translocation characteristics of proteins. (rsc.org)

The structures reveal that proton translocation is based on proton wires regulated by internal gates. (nature.com)
They further reveal a novel mode of inhibitor binding and show how solutes release is coupled to protein conformational changes. (elifesciences.org)

and cutting-edge microscopes used to examine transport, motility, and reactivity in cells. (mcgill.ca)
This datum explains (i) the difference in binding affinities of ColA and ColE9 with TolB, and (ii) the inability of ColA, unlike ColE9, to competitively recruit TolB from Pal, allowing an understanding of how these two colicins interact in a different way with a common translocation portal in E. coli cells. (rcsb.org)
We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells. (amsbio.com)
It belongs to a group of proteins called myosins, which are involved in cell movement and the transport of materials within and between cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Nanopore probing of molecular level transport of proteins is strongly influenced by electrolyte type, concentration, and solution pH. (rsc.org)

Previous researches have shown that there are connections and discrepancies for metal absorption, translocation, and accumulation in rice. (intechopen.com)
Ageing leads to a gradual dysfunction of the proteostasis network and thus to proteome instability due to accumulation of damaged and/or misfolded proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms15

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Endoplasmic reticulum8

Twin-arginine translocation pathway2

Mitochondria6

Bacteria10

Transmembrane proteins2

Membranes6

Pathways6

Lipid membrane1

Recombinant2

Mitochondrial3

Substrate5

Single-molecule1

Mechanisms3

Escherichia3

Kinase13

Soluble3

Kinetics2

Molecules7

Secretory1

Mechanistic2

Neuronal cell2

Membrane insertion1

Gene8

Sec612

Endothelium3

Translocates1

Different proteins2

Uptake3

Nuclear9

Apoptosis1

Biogenesis1

Endothelial cells1

Microtubules1

Mechanism5

Complexes4

Colicin1

Cellular2

Peptide5

Protons1

Abstract1

Vascular1

Structural1

Inhibition1

Transporter2

Proton transport2

Receptors3

Complex4

Particles2

Another protein1

TatB1

Lumen2

Glucose2

Saccharomyces1

Newly2

Electron13

Molecular Biology1

Bacterial2

Biological2

Extracellular1

Electroosmotic2

Characteristics1

Reveal2

Cells4

Nanopore1

Accumulation2