EpitheliumDetachmentRetinaBranch Retinal Artery OcclusionEpithelialOcclusionMacular degenerationVitreousReceptor potentialOuter retinal layersPresence of retinalVasculatureVascularIschemiaNeuronsAbnormalitiesMonocular visual lossTractionIschemicAcuteDrusenTearsLesionChoroidalIntraocularInflammationCellsToxicityOpticDystrophyDetachmentsOxygenationFull-thicknessMicrovascularTherapeuticMembraneTearBlindnessTissueMiceOccurAccumulationRupturePeripheralVisual
Epithelium18
- Multifocal choroidopathy syndromes are rare disorders involving a primary pathologic process occurring at or near the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with or without photoreceptor outer segment and choriocapillaris involvement. (medscape.com)
- Within weeks, this line is replaced by an orange zone, which eventually becomes a larger sector of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) depigmentation and retinal vasculature attenuation. (medscape.com)
- The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interacts closely with the photoreceptors in fulfilling tasks of visual function. (researchgate.net)
- The differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium for therapeutic use to treat acute macular degeneration. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- The "spotlights" represent the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the gene expression state of cells at early, mid, and late time points of retinal pigment epithelium differentiation. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- The retina also contains a layer called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which has several important functions, including light absorption, cleaning up cellular waste, and keeping the other cells of the eye healthy. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- However, HCQ induces retinal pigment epithelium death via the excessive increase of cytosolic (cROS) and mitochondrial (mROS) free oxygen radical production. (opticnervenetwork.com)
- Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a progressive parasitic disease affecting the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (medscape.com)
- In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. (molcells.org)
- The OV then invaginates to form a double-layered optic cup (OC), the inner and outer layers of which develop into the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), respectively. (molcells.org)
- The choroid ships overlying the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) nourish the external retina. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Viability Assays in Human Cell Lines 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye reduction assays were performed according to the protocol of the manufacturer to determine the viability of dermally derived human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) or human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19), which were maintained as described previously (43). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- On the basis of these findings," the authors write, "it is possible that ocriplasmin may have a diffuse enzymatic effect on photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium that is not limited to areas of vitreomacular adhesion. (medscape.com)
- Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by serous neurosensory retinal detachment at the posterior pole due to leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [ 1 - 5 ]. (plos.org)
- The immune response is usually a important regulator of zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium regenerationIMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATIONFig. (scdinhibitor.com)
- Muscarinic receptors are also found in the retinal pigment epithelium, a layer that is involved in transferring the signaling cascade toward the target tissue-i.e., the choroid and/or the sclera. (reviewofmm.com)
- 8,9 Atropine was found to increase the release of dopamine but reduced the electroretinogram (ERG) b and d waves and dampened oscillations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) potentials. (reviewofmm.com)
- Retinal Detachment Retinal detachment is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (merckmanuals.com)
Detachment20
- Since the importance of retinal tears and detachment in the pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) was clarified in 1930 [ 1 ], therapeutic interventions of RRD are rapidly developing. (ijbs.com)
- Vitrectomy has been implemented and developed continuously and has become the standard for successful treatment of RRD, especially in cases of complex retinal detachment [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
- The most common cause of retinal detachment after vitreous surgery is proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). (ijbs.com)
- The retinal distortion and continuous distraction caused by its contraction transforms RRD into traction retinal detachment [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Endophthalmitis and Retinal Detachment. (mdtodate.com)
- Among the baseline characteristics, serous pigment epithelial detachment (B = - 2.580, P = 0.032) and thick-choroid (B = 1.980, P = 0.019) were significantly associated with recurrence. (plos.org)
- Thinner choroid and serous pigment epithelial detachment appear protective for recurrences. (plos.org)
- Persistent serous retinal detachment in a patient with chronic CSC can lead to permanent visual impairment due to RPE decompensation and disruption of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone [ 1 , 2 , 12 , 13 ]. (plos.org)
- We can see the peripheral part of the retina only with a completely wide pupil - mydriasis, that part is important because it often contains a wide variety of changes that, if not noticed in time, can lead to complications, and one of the most serious is certainly a rupture - tearing of the retina with the consequent detachment of the retina from its base ie retinal ablation. (drsandrajovanovic.rs)
- It occurs in 6-8% of patients and is associated with retinal detachment in 14-35% of cases. (drsandrajovanovic.rs)
- Retinal ablation can occur asymptomatically, without prior vitreous detachment due to the presence of quiet circular ruptures within the palisade degeneration. (drsandrajovanovic.rs)
- The essential requirements for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment include a retinal break (rhegma = rent or rupture) and vitreous liquefaction sufficient to allow fluid in the vitreous cavity to pass through the break(s) into the subretinal space. (aao.org)
- The usual pathological sequence that results in retinal detachment is vitreous liquefaction followed by a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), which in turn causes retinal tears at the sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesions (Figure 1). (aao.org)
- All ocular conditions that are associated with an increased prevalence of vitreous liquefaction and PVD or with an increased number or extent of vitreoretinal adhesions are associated with a higher incidence of retinal detachment, including trauma. (aao.org)
- The majority of eyes with retinal breaks do not develop retinal detachment because normal physiological forces keep the retina in place. (aao.org)
- However, the combination of retinal breaks, vitreous liquefaction and detachment, traction on the retina (vitreoretinal traction), and intraocular fluid currents associated with movement of liquid vitreous and subretinal fluid can overwhelm these "attachment factors," causing retinal detachment. (aao.org)
- Major risk factors have in common an increased incidence of retinal break(s), vitreous liquification and detachment, and abnormal vitreoretinal adhesions. (aao.org)
- As noted above, retinal detachment occurs when the combination of factors that promote retinal detachment overwhelms the normal attachment forces. (aao.org)
- Vitreous traction usually persists at the edge of a tear, which promotes progression of the retinal detachment. (aao.org)
- 1 Higher levels of myopia are associated with vision-threatening complications such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma. (reviewofmm.com)
Retina11
- Transient, multiple, focal, gray-white lesions of the deep retina or RPE vary in size from 0.25-1 disc diameter and tend to develop in clusters over wide areas of the retina at various time periods. (medscape.com)
- The worm can be present in all layers of the retina, but it most frequently is found in the subretinal or outer retinal layers. (medscape.com)
- Other less frequently encountered clinical signs include the following: focal retinal and subretinal hemorrhages, perivenous exudates and vascular sheathing, localized serous detachments of the neurosensory retina, cystoid macular edema, retinal striae, and choroidal neovascularization. (medscape.com)
- The retina has greater proliferative potential than the other two compartments by virtue of the presence of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), which are capable of dividing repeatedly and generating retinal neurons and Müller glia on distinct developmental schedules. (molcells.org)
- During advancement, the internal mammalian retina can be nourished by the hyaloid vasculature, a transient capillary network located between the retina and zoom lens. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- High-resolution central vision, however, is handled by the macula, a yellow-pigmented area near the center of the retina. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
- This study investigated the effect of low-intensity blue light on the albino Wistar rat retina, including intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). (mdpi.com)
- Due to the pathological relationship between the vitreous and the retina at the point of degeneration and the possibility of retinal rupture, this degeneration is an indication for LFC treatment. (drsandrajovanovic.rs)
- John Dowling's The Retina , published in 1987, quickly became the most widely recognized introduction to the structure and function of retinal cells. (nhbs.com)
- It includes completely new chapters on color vision and retinal degenerations and genetics, as well as sections on retinal development and visual pigment biochemistry, and presents the latest knowledge and theories on how the retina is organized anatomically, physiologically, and pharmacologically. (nhbs.com)
- The fundus retinal images are directly captured from human eye that includes some other landmarks like microcirculation system of the retina, macula, optic disc, fovea, microaneurysm, and exudates [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion1
- 31. What should be done emergently in the presence of an acute central retinal artery or branch retinal artery occlusion? (stanford.edu)
Epithelial4
- Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without caffeine. (frontiersin.org)
- By constructing an EMT model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, we found that autophagy was activated in the EMT process of RPE cells. (ijbs.com)
- In this pathological process, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) loses epithelial characteristics through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), transforms into mesenchymal phenotype, increasing cells migration ability, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, and production of extracellular matrix, turning RPE into fibroblast-like cells [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
- We aimed to investigate the modulating action of CRC on HCQ-induced TRPM2 stimulation, cROS, mROS, apoptosis, and death in an adult retinal pigment epithelial 19 (ARPE19) cell line model. (opticnervenetwork.com)
Occlusion4
- Retinal Vasculitis and/or Retinal Vascular Occlusion. (mdtodate.com)
- In a clinical study (MERLIN), patients with nAMD who received BEOVU every 4-week maintenance dosing experienced a higher incidence of intraocular inflammation (including retinal vasculitis) and retinal vascular occlusion than patients who received BEOVU every 8 or 12-week maintenance dosing in the clinical studies (HAWK and HARRIER). (mdtodate.com)
- Retinal vasculitis and/or retinal vascular occlusion, typically in the presence of intraocular inflammation, are immune mediated adverse events related to exposure to BEOVU. (mdtodate.com)
- 3 Immunohistochemical studies of an animal model with retinal vasculitis disclosed immune complex deposition within the vessel walls, which ultimately caused vaso-occlusion in the eye. (bmj.com)
Macular degeneration2
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin, the main macular pigments, limit macular degeneration and are linked to reduced incidence of cataract. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
- These extracted markers or characterized fundus digital image features provide insights and relates quantitative retinal vascular topography abnormalities to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, transient ischemic attack, neovascular glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
Vitreous3
- The formation of a dense fibrotic contractile membrane on the posterior surface of the vitreous membrane or the detached retinal is the pathological feature of PVR. (ijbs.com)
- 1] The ocular findings include visual loss, vitreous cells, optic disc inflammation and leakage, and transient recurrent crops of gray-white outer retinal lesions. (medscape.com)
- This is due to a combination of retinal breaks, vitreous changes inducing a retinal break and vitreoretinal traction, and intraocular fluid currents. (aao.org)
Receptor potential3
- Since an understanding of the RPE function is essential for understanding the patho-mechanisms involved in vision loss, we explored the regulation of the vanilloid receptor subtype transient receptor potential TRPV2 channels that t. (researchgate.net)
- Proteomic analysis reveals that TRP channel-associated factor 2 (TCAF2), a partner protein of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), is overexpressed in TPCs from patients with CRCLM. (bvsalud.org)
- The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channel is stimulated by ADP-ribose (ADPR), cROS, and mROS, although it is inhibited by curcumin (CRC). (opticnervenetwork.com)
Outer retinal layers1
- [ 7 , 8 ] Acute macular neuroretinopathy, a bilateral condition affecting otherwise healthy young adults, appears to involve a pathologic process occurring more in the middle and outer retinal layers rather than in the RPE and choriocapillaris. (medscape.com)
Presence of retinal1
- Use of this drug is contraindicated (1) in the presence of retinal or visual field changes attributable to any 4-aminoquinoline compound, (2) in patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compounds, and (3) for long-term therapy in children. (drugs-library.com)
Vasculature3
- Later JNJ-7706621 supplier on, hyaloid ships go through designed regression, and a retinal vasculature forms by angiogenesis (1, 18, 19). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- In adult zebrafish, these vessels are found attached to the ganglion cell layer, exhibiting distinctive hallmarks of mammalian retinal vasculature (21, 22). (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Analysis of the human fundus eye images has become the key point for diagnosing the various pathologies of retinal vasculature. (hindawi.com)
Vascular3
- 30. What work-up should be done for transient monocular visual loss thought to be of vascular origin? (stanford.edu)
- 26. What are 5 vascular mechanisms of transient monocular visual loss? (stanford.edu)
- Some distinct changes in the retinal microvasculature are recognized as the preindicator of subsequent vascular incidents like ischemic stroke or acute stroke [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Ischemia1
- Finally, the ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury model was used in C57BL/6J mice to induce retinal inflammation and investigate the effects of caffeine treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Neurons1
- Thermosensitive transient receptors (ThermoTRPs) affect the thermosensitivity of neurons. (bvsalud.org)
Abnormalities1
- Retinal microvascular abnormalities like microaneurysm, arteriovenous nicking, haemorrhages, and vessel caliber are considered as associative to the stroke and indicative of death from stroke and IHD (Ischemic Heart Diseases) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Monocular visual loss4
- 34. What tests should be done in all patients with transient monocular visual loss over age 50? (stanford.edu)
- 14. What 5 mechanisms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transient monocular visual loss? (stanford.edu)
- 28. How long does the monocular visual loss from spasm of the central retinal artery last? (stanford.edu)
- Transient Monocular Visual Loss. (slackbooks.com)
Traction2
Ischemic3
- Stroke and "mini" strokes, which often are referred to as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). (healthconfidential.com)
- It mainly focuses on features associated with the early symptom of transient ischemic attack or sharp stroke. (hindawi.com)
- Rotterdam cohort study also came into a decision after a long-term observation that the retinal venular diameter is associated with any stroke or ischemic stroke [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Acute2
- Postmarketing reports have begun to link ocriplasmin to acute, transient visual dysfunction, which appears to resolve in some, but not all, patients. (medscape.com)
- According to the study of [ 12 ] with a multiethnic cohort, retinal arteriolar narrowing and retinopathy of diabetic free people have an association with increased risk of acute stroke. (hindawi.com)
Drusen1
- In up to 85% of AMD cases, deposits of protein and cholesterol called drusen develop among the pigmented cells behind the macula. (healthconfidential.com)
Tears2
- Retinal breaks are traditionally classified as holes, tears, or dialyses. (aao.org)
- Contents Dedication Acknowledgments About the Author Preface JANUARY Retinal Tears and Holes. (slackbooks.com)
Lesion1
- A temporary retinal lesion may arise in extreme situations. (evatac.co)
Choroidal1
- Atropine resulted in rapid and transient choroidal thickening and inhibited eye growth, and it was suggested that the two responses, i.e., choroidal thickening and eye growth, may be linked. (reviewofmm.com)
Intraocular1
- HbA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, dilated fundus examination findings, central retinal thickness (CRT), and total macular volume (TMV) measurements were noted. (ijo.in)
Inflammation3
- We tested caffeine by using in vitro and in vivo paradigms of retinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
- In conclusion, these findings suggest that caffeine is a good candidate to counteract inflammation in retinal diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- we investigated caffeine by using in vitro and in vivo paradigms of retinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Cells4
- None of the differentiation protocols proposed for clinical trials have been scrutinized over time at the single-cell level - we know they can make retinal pigment cells, but how cells evolve to that state remains a mystery," Gioele La Manno, PhD, a researcher with EPFL's Life Sciences Independent Research (ELISIR) program, noted in a news release. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- This allowed them to map out all the transient states within a population as they grew into retinal pigment cells, but also to optimize the protocol and suppress the growth of non-RPE cells, thus preventing the formation of contaminant cell populations. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
- Outcomes showed drastically fewer RPE-localized BrdU+ cells (Fig. five C, E and G) and a important reduce in pigment recovery (Fig. five D, F, and H) in dexamethasone-treated four dpi larvae when compared with four dpi DMSO-treated siblings. (scdinhibitor.com)
- These deposits cut retinal cells off from their blood supply, depriving them of nutrients and oxygen, leading to the accumulation of waste products. (healthconfidential.com)
Toxicity1
- CONCLUSION: HCQ-mediated overload Ca2+ influx and retinal oxidative toxicity were induced in an ARPE19 cell line through the stimulation of TRPM2, although they were attenuated by treatment with CRC. (opticnervenetwork.com)
Optic3
- Later in the course of the disease, slowly progressive RPE changes and optic atrophy may be observed, as well as narrowing of the retinal vessels. (medscape.com)
- Posterior segment examination findings reveal mild-to-moderate vitritis, optic disc swelling, narrowing of the retinal arterioles, retinitis, and nematodes. (medscape.com)
- 19. What is the typical length of time of transient monocular vision loss in optic nerve head anomalies? (stanford.edu)
Dystrophy2
- Alström syndrome (AS) is characterised by metabolic deficits, retinal dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, dilated cardiomyopathy and multi-organ fibrosis. (springer.com)
- Cardinal features include childhood obesity, insulin resistance, cone-rod retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). (springer.com)
Detachments2
- Scleral buckling is an ophthalmic surgical technique that has been successfully employed as a primary or adjuvant procedure to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachments for over 60 years. (aao.org)
- Although considerable debate persists regarding the optimal form of treatment for many types of retinal detachments, scleral buckling is declining in popularity, particularly in regard to pseudophakic cases. (aao.org)
Oxygenation1
- Retinal angiogenesis is definitely controlled to meet up with oxygenation and dietary requirements tightly. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Full-thickness1
- On SD-OCT, there was loss of outer retinal signals in the right eye and a full-thickness macular hole. (medscape.com)
Microvascular2
- This paper will also review recent research on the image processing-based extraction techniques of the quantitative retinal microvascular feature. (hindawi.com)
- The paper [ 16 ] searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to find out the relation between microvascular changes of retinal microvasculature and prevalence or incident of stroke. (hindawi.com)
Therapeutic1
- Hence, CRC may be a potential therapeutic antioxidant for TRPM2 activation and HCQ treatment-induced retinal oxidative injury and apoptosis. (opticnervenetwork.com)
Membrane2
- USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. (plos.org)
- Bovine rhodopsin was isolated in the unbleached form as a retinal disc membrane suspension and spin-labelled with 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. (ox.ac.uk)
Tear1
- The most common cause is a retinal break (a tear or, less commonly, a hole-rhegmatogenous. (merckmanuals.com)
Blindness2
Tissue2
- In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of this methylxanthine in the retinal tissue. (frontiersin.org)
- Studies comparing PRP conducted with MSL and CL have reported that MSLs resulted in less retinal tissue damage and pain, and greater patient comfort compared to CL. (oftalmoloji.org)
Mice2
- We discover that research in mice has revealed that Tactical Flashlight with the same intensity as the sun can cause retinal damage in a short period. (evatac.co)
- It should be noted that radioactively-tagged chloroquine administered intravenously to pregnant, pigmented CBA mice passed rapidly across the placenta. (drugs-library.com)
Occur1
- Dialyses are circumferential retinal breaks that occur at the ora serrata. (aao.org)
Accumulation1
- Moreover, transient gene expression through viral vectors allowed the accumulation of carotenoids outside the plastid. (frontiersin.org)
Rupture1
- Even in 54% of cases it is associated with the occurrence of retinal rupture. (drsandrajovanovic.rs)
Peripheral1
- Visual disabilities have been reported after treatment with CL, including central vision loss due to macular edema and peripheral visual field loss resulting from extensive inner retinal scarring. (oftalmoloji.org)
Visual5
- Also noted were normal color vision, anisocoria, visual field constriction, and attenuated retinal arteries. (medscape.com)
- Given the growing number of anecdotal reports of visual disturbances after ocriplasmin injection and the multiple lines of evidence showing retinal toxic effects in the patient described herein," the authors emphasize, "physicians should exercise caution when considering ocriplasmin injection for vitreomacular adhesion. (medscape.com)
- She not only mentions postmarketing reports of visual impairment linked to ocriplasmin injection but also points out the warnings and precautions label on the ocriplasmin package insert, which lists decline in visual acuity, injection-related adverse effects, lens subluxation, retinal breaks, and dichromatopsia. (medscape.com)
- 15. What is the most likely cause of transient visual obscurations (brief blackouts or grey-outs) on change of posture? (stanford.edu)
- The revised edition calls attention to general principles applicable to all vertebrate retinas, while showing how the visual needs of different animals are reflected in their retinal variations. (nhbs.com)